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quickstart guide
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Jörg Thalheim
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quickstart.md
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quickstart.md
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# Disko quickstart
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This tutorial will guide you through the process of installing NixOS on a single
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disk system using Disko.
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- 1. Download NixOS ISO images from the NixOS download page
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(https://nixos.org/download.html#nixos-iso) and create a bootable USB drive
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following the instructions in [Section 2.4.1 "Booting from a USB flash drive"](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-booting-from-usb)
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of the NixOS manual.
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- 2. Identify the name of your system disk by using the lsblk command.
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```
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$ lsblk
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
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nvme0n1 259:0 0 1,8T 0 disk
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```
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In this example, an empty NVME SSD with 2TB space is shown as "nvme0n1" disk.
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Please note that Disko will reformat the entire disk and overwrite any existing
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partitions. Dual booting with other operating systems is not supported.
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- 3. Choose a disk layout from the [examples directory](https://github.com/nix-community/disko/tree/master/example)
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For those who are unsure of which layout to pick, use the hybrid configuration
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found at https://github.com/nix-community/disko/blob/master/example/hybrid.nix
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and save it as `/tmp/disko-config.nix`. This layout is compatible with both BIOS
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and EFI systems.
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- 4. The following step will reformat your disk and mount it to `/mnt`. Replace
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`<disk-name>` with the name of your disk obtained in step 1.
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Please note: This will erase any existing data on your disk.
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```
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$ sudo nix run github:nix-community/disko -- --mode zap_create_mount /tmp/disko-config.nix --arg disks '[ "/dev/<disk-name>" ]'
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```
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For example, if the disk name is `nvme0n1`:
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```
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$ sudo nix run github:nix-community/disko -- --mode zap_create_mount /tmp/disko-config.nix --arg disks '[ "/dev/nvme0n1" ]'
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```
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After executing the command, the file systems will be mounted. You can verify
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this by running the following command:
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```
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$ mount | grep /mnt
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/dev/nvme0n1p1 on /mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime,stripe=2)
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/dev/nvme0n1p2 on /mnt/boot type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
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```
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- 5. Generate and modify the NixOS configuration:
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You now need to create a file `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` that specifies
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the intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
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declarative configuration model: you create or edit a description of the desired
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configuration of your system, and then NixOS takes care of making it happen. The
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syntax of the NixOS configuration file is described in
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[Chapter 6, Configuration Syntax](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-configuration-syntax),
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while a list of available configuration options appears in
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[Appendix A, Configuration Options](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options.html).
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A minimal example is shown in
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[Example: NixOS Configuration](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#ex-config).
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The command nixos-generate-config can generate an initial configuration file for
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you.
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```
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$ nixos-generate-config --no-filesystems --root /mnt
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```
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We will include `--no-filesystems` the flag here so it won't add any filesystem
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mountpoints to the generated `/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix` since
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we will re-use our disko configuration for that.
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Next move the disko configuration as well to /etc/nixos
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```
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$ mv /tmp/disko-config.nix /mnt/etc/nixos
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```
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You should then edit /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix to suit your needs
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```
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$ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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```
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While being in this file also add the disko nixos module as well as the
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disko-config.nix in the imports section of your generated configuration:
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```
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imports =
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[ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
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./hardware-configuration.nix
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"${builtins.fetchTarball "https://github.com/nix-community/disko/archive/master.tar.gz"}/module.nix"
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(pkgs.callPackage ./disko-config.nix {
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disks = ["/dev/<disk-name>"]; # replace this with your disk name i.e. /dev/nvme0n1
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})
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];
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```
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If you went for the hybrid-partition scheme, than choose grub as a bootloader.
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Otherwise consult the NixOS manual. The following configuration for Grub works
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both EFI and BIOS systems. Add it to your configuration.nix while commenting out
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the existing lines about `systemd-boot`:
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```
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# ...
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#boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
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#boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
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# replace this with your disk i.e. /dev/nvme0n1
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boot.loader.grub.devices = [ "/dev/<disk-name>" ];
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boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
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boot.loader.grub.version = 2;
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boot.loader.grub.efiSupport = true;
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boot.loader.grub.efiInstallAsRemovable = true;
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# ...
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```
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Than finish the installation and reboot your machine
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```
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$ nixos-install
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$ reboot
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```
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