coreutils/.github/workflows/CICD.yml

name: CICD

# spell-checker:ignore (abbrev/names) CICD CodeCOV MacOS MinGW MSVC musl taiki
# spell-checker:ignore (env/flags) Awarnings Ccodegen Coverflow Cpanic Dwarnings RUSTDOCFLAGS RUSTFLAGS Zpanic CARGOFLAGS
# spell-checker:ignore (jargon) SHAs deps dequote softprops subshell toolchain fuzzers
# spell-checker:ignore (people) Peltoche rivy dtolnay
# spell-checker:ignore (shell/tools) choco clippy dmake dpkg esac fakeroot fdesc fdescfs gmake grcov halium lcov libssl mkdir popd printf pushd rsync rustc rustfmt rustup shopt utmpdump xargs
# spell-checker:ignore (misc) aarch alnum armhf bindir busytest coreutils defconfig DESTDIR gecos gnueabihf issuecomment maint multisize nullglob onexitbegin onexitend pell runtest Swatinem tempfile testsuite toybox uutils

env:
  PROJECT_NAME: coreutils
  PROJECT_DESC: "Core universal (cross-platform) utilities"
  PROJECT_AUTH: "uutils"
  RUST_MIN_SRV: "1.70.0"
  # * style job configuration
  STYLE_FAIL_ON_FAULT: true ## (bool) fail the build if a style job contains a fault (error or warning); may be overridden on a per-job basis

on:
  pull_request:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

permissions:
  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)

# End the current execution if there is a new changeset in the PR.
concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}

jobs:
  cargo-deny:
    name: Style/cargo-deny
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v1

  style_deps:
    ## ToDO: [2021-11-10; rivy] 'Style/deps' needs more informative output and better integration of results into the GHA dashboard
    name: Style/deps
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          # note: `cargo-udeps` panics when processing stdbuf/libstdbuf ("uu_stdbuf_libstdbuf"); either b/c of the 'cpp' crate or 'libstdbuf' itself
          #   ... b/c of the panic, a more limited feature set is tested (though only excluding `stdbuf`)
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: "feat_Tier1,feat_require_unix,feat_require_unix_utmpx" }
          - { os: macos-latest   , features: "feat_Tier1,feat_require_unix,feat_require_unix_utmpx" }
          - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
    ## note: requires 'nightly' toolchain b/c `cargo-udeps` uses the `rustc` '-Z save-analysis' option
    ## * ... ref: <https://github.com/est31/cargo-udeps/issues/73>
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-udeps
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # failure mode
        unset FAIL_ON_FAULT ; case '${{ env.STYLE_FAIL_ON_FAULT }}' in
          ''|0|f|false|n|no|off) FAULT_TYPE=warning ;;
          *) FAIL_ON_FAULT=true ; FAULT_TYPE=error ;;
        esac;
        outputs FAIL_ON_FAULT FAULT_TYPE
        # target-specific options
        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='' ;
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features "${{ matrix.job.features }}"' ; fi
        outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
    - name: Detect unused dependencies
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Detect unused dependencies
        unset fault
        fault_type="${{ steps.vars.outputs.FAULT_TYPE }}"
        fault_prefix=$(echo "$fault_type" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')
        #
        cargo +nightly udeps ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} --all-targets &> udeps.log || cat udeps.log
        grep --ignore-case "all deps seem to have been used" udeps.log || { printf "%s\n" "::${fault_type} ::${fault_prefix}: \`cargo udeps\`: style violation (unused dependency found)" ; fault=true ; }
        if [ -n "${{ steps.vars.outputs.FAIL_ON_FAULT }}" ] && [ -n "$fault" ]; then exit 1 ; fi

  doc_warnings:
    name: Documentation/warnings
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: feat_os_unix }
# for now, don't build it on mac & windows because the doc is only published from linux
# + it needs a bunch of duplication for build
# and I don't want to add a doc step in the regular build to avoid long builds
#          - { os: macos-latest   , features: feat_os_macos }
#          - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
      with:
        toolchain: stable
        components: clippy
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # failure mode
        unset FAIL_ON_FAULT ; case '${{ env.STYLE_FAIL_ON_FAULT }}' in
          ''|0|f|false|n|no|off) FAULT_TYPE=warning ;;
          *) FAIL_ON_FAULT=true ; FAULT_TYPE=error ;;
        esac;
        outputs FAIL_ON_FAULT FAULT_TYPE
        # target-specific options
        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--all-features' ;
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features ${{ matrix.job.features }}' ; fi
        outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        # * determine sub-crate utility list
        UTILITY_LIST="$(./util/show-utils.sh ${CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION})"
        echo UTILITY_LIST=${UTILITY_LIST}
        CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS="$(for u in ${UTILITY_LIST}; do echo -n "-puu_${u} "; done;)"
        outputs CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS
    - name: "`cargo doc` with warnings"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        RUSTDOCFLAGS="-Dwarnings" cargo doc  ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} --no-deps --workspace --document-private-items
    - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v15
      with:
        fix: "true"
        globs: |
          *.md
          docs/src/*.md
          src/uu/*/*.md

  min_version:
    name: MinRustV # Minimum supported rust version (aka, MinSRV or MSRV)
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
      with:
        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
        components: rustfmt
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # target-specific options
        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        unset CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features "${{ matrix.job.features }}"' ; fi
        outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
    - name: Confirm MinSRV compatible 'Cargo.lock'
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Confirm MinSRV compatible 'Cargo.lock'
        # * 'Cargo.lock' is required to be in a format that `cargo` of MinSRV can interpret (eg, v1-format for MinSRV < v1.38)
        cargo fetch --locked --quiet || { echo "::error file=Cargo.lock::Incompatible (or out-of-date) 'Cargo.lock' file; update using \`cargo +${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }} update\`" ; exit 1 ; }
    - name: Confirm MinSRV equivalence for '.clippy.toml'
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Confirm MinSRV equivalence for '.clippy.toml'
        # * ensure '.clippy.toml' MSRV configuration setting is equal to ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
        CLIPPY_MSRV=$(grep -P "(?i)^\s*msrv\s*=\s*" .clippy.toml | grep -oP "\d+([.]\d+)+")
        if [ "${CLIPPY_MSRV}" != "${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}" ]; then { echo "::error file=.clippy.toml::Incorrect MSRV configuration for clippy (found '${CLIPPY_MSRV}'; should be '${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}'); update '.clippy.toml' with 'msrv = \"${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}\"'" ; exit 1 ; } ; fi
    - name: Info
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Info
        # environment
        echo "## environment"
        echo "CI='${CI}'"
        # tooling info display
        echo "## tooling"
        which gcc >/dev/null 2>&1 && (gcc --version | head -1) || true
        rustup -V 2>/dev/null
        rustup show active-toolchain
        cargo -V
        rustc -V
        cargo tree -V
        # dependencies
        echo "## dependency list"
        ## * using the 'stable' toolchain is necessary to avoid "unexpected '--filter-platform'" errors
        RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable cargo fetch --locked --quiet
        RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable cargo tree --no-dedupe --locked -e=no-dev --prefix=none ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} | grep -vE "$PWD" | sort --unique
    - name: Test
      run: cargo nextest run --hide-progress-bar --profile ci ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} -p uucore -p coreutils
      env:
        RUSTFLAGS: "-Awarnings"
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"

  deps:
    name: Dependencies
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: "`cargo update` testing"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## `cargo update` testing
        # * convert any errors/warnings to GHA UI annotations; ref: <https://help.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-a-warning-message>
        cargo fetch --locked --quiet || { echo "::error file=Cargo.lock::'Cargo.lock' file requires update (use \`cargo +${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }} update\`)" ; exit 1 ; }

  build_makefile:
    name: Build/Makefile
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: "`make build`"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        make build
    - name: "`make nextest`"
      shell: bash
      run: make nextest CARGOFLAGS="--profile ci --hide-progress-bar"
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
    - name: "`make install`"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        DESTDIR=/tmp/ make PROFILE=release install
        # Check that the manpage is present
        test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/man/man1/whoami.1
        # Check that the completion is present
        test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_install
        test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/head
        test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/cat.fish
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
    - name: "`make uninstall`"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        DESTDIR=/tmp/ make uninstall
        # Check that the manpage is not present
        ! test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/man/man1/whoami.1
        # Check that the completion is not present
        ! test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_install
        ! test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/head
        ! test -f /tmp/usr/local/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/cat.fish

  build_rust_stable:
    name: Build/stable
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    timeout-minutes: 90
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: feat_os_unix }
          - { os: macos-latest   , features: feat_os_macos }
          - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Test
      run: cargo nextest run --hide-progress-bar --profile ci ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"

  build_rust_nightly:
    name: Build/nightly
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    timeout-minutes: 90
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: feat_os_unix }
          - { os: macos-latest   , features: feat_os_macos }
          - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Test
      run: cargo nextest run --hide-progress-bar --profile ci ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"

  compute_size:
    name: Binary sizes
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Install dependencies
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Install dependencies
        sudo apt-get update
        sudo apt-get install jq
    - name: "`make install`"
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## `make install`
        make install DESTDIR=target/size-release/
        make install MULTICALL=y DESTDIR=target/size-multi-release/
        # strip the results
        strip target/size*/usr/local/bin/*
    - name: Compute uutil release sizes
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Compute uutil release sizes
        DATE=$(date --rfc-email)
        find target/size-release/usr/local/bin -type f -printf '%f\0' | sort -z |
          while IFS= read -r -d '' name; do
            size=$(du -s target/size-release/usr/local/bin/$name | awk '{print $1}')
            echo "\"$name\""
            echo "$size"
          done | \
            jq -n \
                --arg date "$DATE" \
                --arg sha "$GITHUB_SHA" \
                'reduce inputs as $name ({}; . + { ($name): input }) | { ($date): {sha: $sha, sizes: map_values(.)} }' > individual-size-result.json
        SIZE=$(cat individual-size-result.json | jq '[.[] | .sizes | .[]] | reduce .[] as $num (0; . + $num)')
        SIZE_MULTI=$(du -s target/size-multi-release/usr/local/bin/coreutils | awk '{print $1}')
        jq -n \
              --arg date "$DATE" \
              --arg sha "$GITHUB_SHA" \
              --arg size "$SIZE" \
              --arg multisize "$SIZE_MULTI" \
              '{($date): { sha: $sha, size: $size, multisize: $multisize, }}' > size-result.json
    - name: Download the previous individual size result
      uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v3
      with:
        workflow: CICD.yml
        name: individual-size-result
        repo: uutils/coreutils
        path: dl
    - name: Download the previous size result
      uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v3
      with:
        workflow: CICD.yml
        name: size-result
        repo: uutils/coreutils
        path: dl
    - name: Check uutil release sizes
      shell: bash
      run: |
        check() {
          # Warn if the size increases by more than 5%
          threshold='1.05'

          if [[ "$2" -eq 0 || "$3" -eq 0 ]]; then
              echo "::warning file=$4::Invalid size for $1. Sizes cannot be 0."
              return
          fi

          ratio=$(jq -n "$2 / $3")
          echo "$1: size=$2, previous_size=$3, ratio=$ratio, threshold=$threshold"
          if [[ "$(jq -n "$ratio > $threshold")" == 'true' ]]; then
            echo "::warning file=$4::Size of $1 increases by more than 5%"
          fi
        }
        ## Check individual size result
        while read -r name previous_size; do
          size=$(cat individual-size-result.json | jq -r ".[] | .sizes | .\"$name\"")
          check "\`$name\` binary" "$size" "$previous_size" 'individual-size-result.json'
        done < <(cat dl/individual-size-result.json | jq -r '.[] | .sizes | to_entries[] | "\(.key) \(.value)"')
        ## Check size result
        size=$(cat size-result.json | jq -r '.[] | .size')
        previous_size=$(cat dl/size-result.json | jq -r '.[] | .size')
        check 'multiple binaries' "$size" "$previous_size" 'size-result.json'
        multisize=$(cat size-result.json | jq -r '.[] | .multisize')
        previous_multisize=$(cat dl/size-result.json | jq -r '.[] | .multisize')
        check 'multicall binary' "$multisize" "$previous_multisize" 'size-result.json'
    - name: Upload the individual size result
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: individual-size-result
        path: individual-size-result.json
    - name: Upload the size result
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: size-result
        path: size-result.json

  build:
    permissions:
      contents: write # to create GitHub release (softprops/action-gh-release)

    name: Build
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    timeout-minutes: 90
    env:
      DOCKER_OPTS: '--volume /etc/passwd:/etc/passwd --volume /etc/group:/etc/group'
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          # - { os , target , cargo-options , features , use-cross , toolchain, skip-tests }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf, features: feat_os_unix_gnueabihf, use-cross: use-cross, skip-tests: true }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu   , features: feat_os_unix_gnueabihf , use-cross: use-cross , skip-tests: true }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl  , features: feat_os_unix_musl      , use-cross: use-cross , skip-tests: true }
          # - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu    , features: feat_selinux           , use-cross: use-cross }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu      , features: feat_os_unix           , use-cross: use-cross }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: i686-unknown-linux-musl     , features: feat_os_unix_musl      , use-cross: use-cross }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu    , features: feat_os_unix           , use-cross: use-cross }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl   , features: feat_os_unix_musl      , use-cross: use-cross }
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , target: x86_64-unknown-redox        , features: feat_os_unix_redox     , use-cross: redoxer , skip-tests: true }
          - { os: macos-14       , target: aarch64-apple-darwin        , features: feat_os_macos } # M1 CPU
          - { os: macos-latest   , target: x86_64-apple-darwin         , features: feat_os_macos }
          - { os: windows-latest , target: i686-pc-windows-msvc        , features: feat_os_windows }
          - { os: windows-latest , target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu       , features: feat_os_windows }
          - { os: windows-latest , target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc      , features: feat_os_windows }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
      with:
        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
        targets: ${{ matrix.job.target }}
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
      with:
        key: "${{ matrix.job.os }}_${{ matrix.job.target }}"
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # toolchain
        TOOLCHAIN="stable" ## default to "stable" toolchain
        # * specify alternate/non-default TOOLCHAIN for *-pc-windows-gnu targets; gnu targets on Windows are broken for the standard *-pc-windows-msvc toolchain (refs: GH:rust-lang/rust#47048, GH:rust-lang/rust#53454, GH:rust-lang/cargo#6754)
        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in *-pc-windows-gnu) TOOLCHAIN="stable-${{ matrix.job.target }}" ;; esac;
        # * use requested TOOLCHAIN if specified
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ]; then TOOLCHAIN="${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ; fi
        outputs TOOLCHAIN
        # staging directory
        STAGING='_staging'
        outputs STAGING
        # determine EXE suffix
        EXE_suffix="" ; case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in *-pc-windows-*) EXE_suffix=".exe" ;; esac;
        outputs EXE_suffix
        # parse commit reference info
        echo GITHUB_REF=${GITHUB_REF}
        echo GITHUB_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA}
        REF_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/*/}
        unset REF_BRANCH ; case "${GITHUB_REF}" in refs/heads/*) REF_BRANCH=${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/} ;; esac;
        unset REF_TAG ; case "${GITHUB_REF}" in refs/tags/*) REF_TAG=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/} ;; esac;
        REF_SHAS=${GITHUB_SHA:0:10}
        outputs REF_NAME REF_BRANCH REF_TAG REF_SHAS
        # parse target
        unset TARGET_ARCH
        case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in
          aarch64-*) TARGET_ARCH=arm64 ;;
          arm-*-*hf) TARGET_ARCH=armhf ;;
          i586-*) TARGET_ARCH=i586 ;;
          i686-*) TARGET_ARCH=i686 ;;
          x86_64-*) TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 ;;
        esac;
        unset TARGET_OS
        case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in
          *-linux-*) TARGET_OS=linux ;;
          *-apple-*) TARGET_OS=macos ;;
          *-windows-*) TARGET_OS=windows ;;
          *-redox*) TARGET_OS=redox ;;
        esac
        outputs TARGET_ARCH TARGET_OS
        # package name
        PKG_suffix=".tar.gz" ; case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in *-pc-windows-*) PKG_suffix=".zip" ;; esac;
        PKG_BASENAME=${PROJECT_NAME}-${REF_TAG:-$REF_SHAS}-${{ matrix.job.target }}
        PKG_NAME=${PKG_BASENAME}${PKG_suffix}
        outputs PKG_suffix PKG_BASENAME PKG_NAME
        # deployable tag? (ie, leading "vM" or "M"; M == version number)
        unset DEPLOY ; if [[ $REF_TAG =~ ^[vV]?[0-9].* ]]; then DEPLOY='true' ; fi
        outputs DEPLOY
        # DPKG architecture?
        unset DPKG_ARCH
        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in
          x86_64-*-linux-*) DPKG_ARCH=amd64 ;;
          *-linux-*) DPKG_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH} ;;
        esac
        outputs DPKG_ARCH
        # DPKG version?
        unset DPKG_VERSION ; if [[ $REF_TAG =~ ^[vV]?[0-9].* ]]; then DPKG_VERSION=${REF_TAG/#[vV]/} ; fi
        outputs DPKG_VERSION
        # DPKG base name/conflicts?
        DPKG_BASENAME=${PROJECT_NAME}
        DPKG_CONFLICTS=${PROJECT_NAME}-musl
        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in *-musl) DPKG_BASENAME=${PROJECT_NAME}-musl ; DPKG_CONFLICTS=${PROJECT_NAME} ;; esac;
        outputs DPKG_BASENAME DPKG_CONFLICTS
        # DPKG name
        unset DPKG_NAME;
        if [[ -n $DPKG_ARCH && -n $DPKG_VERSION ]]; then DPKG_NAME="${DPKG_BASENAME}_${DPKG_VERSION}_${DPKG_ARCH}.deb" ; fi
        outputs DPKG_NAME
        # target-specific options
        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='' ;
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features=${{ matrix.job.features }}' ; fi
        outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        # * CARGO_CMD
        CARGO_CMD='cross'
        CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS='+${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}'
        case '${{ matrix.job.use-cross }}' in
          ''|0|f|false|n|no)
            CARGO_CMD='cargo'
            ;;
          redoxer)
            CARGO_CMD='redoxer'
            CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS=''
            ;;
        esac
        outputs CARGO_CMD
        outputs CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS
        # ** pass needed environment into `cross` container (iff `cross` not already configured via "Cross.toml")
        if [ "${CARGO_CMD}" = 'cross' ] && [ ! -e "Cross.toml" ] ; then
          printf "[build.env]\npassthrough = [\"CI\", \"RUST_BACKTRACE\", \"CARGO_TERM_COLOR\"]\n" > Cross.toml
        fi
        # * executable for `strip`?
        STRIP="strip"
        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in
          aarch64-*-linux-*) STRIP="aarch64-linux-gnu-strip" ;;
          arm-*-linux-gnueabihf) STRIP="arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip" ;;
          *-pc-windows-msvc) STRIP="" ;;
        esac;
        outputs STRIP
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
      if: steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD == 'cross'
      with:
        tool: cross@0.2.5
    - name: Create all needed build/work directories
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Create build/work space
        mkdir -p '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}'
        mkdir -p '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}'
        mkdir -p '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/dpkg'
    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Install/setup prerequisites
        case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in
          arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf)
            sudo apt-get -y update
            sudo apt-get -y install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf
          ;;
          aarch64-unknown-linux-*)
            sudo apt-get -y update
            sudo apt-get -y install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
          ;;
          *-redox*)
            sudo apt-get -y update
            sudo apt-get -y install fuse3 libfuse-dev
          ;;
          # Update binutils if MinGW due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/112368
          x86_64-pc-windows-gnu)
            C:/msys64/usr/bin/pacman.exe -Syu --needed mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc --noconfirm
            echo "C:\msys64\mingw64\bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
          ;;
        esac
        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
          macos-latest) brew install coreutils ;; # needed for testing
        esac
        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
          ubuntu-*)
            # pinky is a tool to show logged-in users from utmp, and gecos fields from /etc/passwd.
            # In GitHub Action *nix VMs, no accounts log in, even the "runner" account that runs the commands. The account also has empty gecos fields.
            # To work around this for pinky tests, we create a fake login entry for the GH runner account...
            FAKE_UTMP='[7] [999999] [tty2] [runner] [tty2] [] [0.0.0.0] [2022-02-22T22:22:22,222222+00:00]'
            # ... by dumping the login records, adding our fake line, then reverse dumping ...
            (utmpdump /var/run/utmp ; echo $FAKE_UTMP) | sudo utmpdump -r -o /var/run/utmp
            # ... and add a full name to each account with a gecos field but no full name.
            sudo sed -i 's/:,/:runner name,/' /etc/passwd
            # We also create a couple optional files pinky looks for
            touch /home/runner/.project
            echo "foo" > /home/runner/.plan
            ;;
        esac
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
      if: steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD == 'redoxer'
      with:
        tool: redoxer@0.2.37
    - name: Initialize toolchain-dependent workflow variables
      id: dep_vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Dependent VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # * determine sub-crate utility list
        UTILITY_LIST="$(./util/show-utils.sh ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }})"
        echo UTILITY_LIST=${UTILITY_LIST}
        CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS="$(for u in ${UTILITY_LIST}; do echo -n "-puu_${u} "; done;)"
        outputs CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS
    - name: Info
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Info
        # commit info
        echo "## commit"
        echo GITHUB_REF=${GITHUB_REF}
        echo GITHUB_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA}
        # environment
        echo "## environment"
        echo "CI='${CI}'"
        # tooling info display
        echo "## tooling"
        which gcc >/dev/null 2>&1 && (gcc --version | head -1) || true
        rustup -V 2>/dev/null
        rustup show active-toolchain
        cargo -V
        rustc -V
        cargo tree -V
        # dependencies
        echo "## dependency list"
        cargo fetch --locked --quiet
        cargo tree --locked --target=${{ matrix.job.target }} ${{ matrix.job.cargo-options }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} --no-dedupe -e=no-dev --prefix=none | grep -vE "$PWD" | sort --unique
    - name: Build
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Build
        ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS }} build --release \
        --target=${{ matrix.job.target }} ${{ matrix.job.cargo-options }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
    - name: Test
      if: matrix.job.skip-tests != true
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Test
        ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS }} test --target=${{ matrix.job.target }} \
        ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_TEST_OPTIONS}} ${{ matrix.job.cargo-options }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
    - name: Test individual utilities
      if: matrix.job.skip-tests != true
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Test individual utilities
        ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD_OPTIONS }} test --target=${{ matrix.job.target }} \
        ${{ matrix.job.cargo-options }} ${{ steps.dep_vars.outputs.CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS }}
      env:
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
    - name: Archive executable artifacts
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: ${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}-${{ matrix.job.target }}
        path: target/${{ matrix.job.target }}/release/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}
    - name: Package
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Package artifact(s)
        # binary
        cp 'target/${{ matrix.job.target }}/release/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}' '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}/'
        # `strip` binary (if needed)
        if [ -n "${{ steps.vars.outputs.STRIP }}" ]; then "${{ steps.vars.outputs.STRIP }}" '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}' ; fi
        # README and LICENSE
        # * spell-checker:ignore EADME ICENSE
        (shopt -s nullglob; for f in [R]"EADME"{,.*}; do cp $f '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}/' ; done)
        (shopt -s nullglob; for f in [L]"ICENSE"{-*,}{,.*}; do cp $f '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}/' ; done)
        # core compressed package
        pushd '${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/' >/dev/null
        case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in
          *-pc-windows-*) 7z -y a '${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_NAME }}' '${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}'/* | tail -2 ;;
          *) tar czf '${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_NAME }}' '${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_BASENAME }}'/* ;;
        esac
        popd >/dev/null
        # dpkg
        if [ -n "${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_NAME }}" ]; then
          DPKG_DIR="${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/dpkg"
          # binary
          install -Dm755 'target/${{ matrix.job.target }}/release/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}' "${DPKG_DIR}/usr/bin/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}"
          if [ -n "${{ steps.vars.outputs.STRIP }}" ]; then "${{ steps.vars.outputs.STRIP }}" "${DPKG_DIR}/usr/bin/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}${{ steps.vars.outputs.EXE_suffix }}" ; fi
          # README and LICENSE
          (shopt -s nullglob; for f in [R]"EADME"{,.*}; do install -Dm644 "$f" "${DPKG_DIR}/usr/share/doc/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}/$f" ; done)
          (shopt -s nullglob; for f in [L]"ICENSE"{-*,}{,.*}; do install -Dm644 "$f" "${DPKG_DIR}/usr/share/doc/${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}/$f" ; done)
          # control file
          mkdir -p "${DPKG_DIR}/DEBIAN"
          printf "Package: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_BASENAME }}\nVersion: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_VERSION }}\nSection: utils\nPriority: optional\nMaintainer: ${{ env.PROJECT_AUTH }}\nArchitecture: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_ARCH }}\nProvides: ${{ env.PROJECT_NAME }}\nConflicts: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_CONFLICTS }}\nDescription: ${{ env.PROJECT_DESC }}\n" > "${DPKG_DIR}/DEBIAN/control"
          # build dpkg
          fakeroot dpkg-deb --build "${DPKG_DIR}" "${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_NAME }}"
        fi
    - name: Publish
      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
      if: steps.vars.outputs.DEPLOY
      with:
        files: |
          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.PKG_NAME }}
          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.STAGING }}/${{ steps.vars.outputs.DPKG_NAME }}
      env:
        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

  test_busybox:
    name: Tests/BusyBox test suite
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest }
    steps:
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        echo "TEST_SUMMARY_FILE=busybox-result.json" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Install/setup prerequisites
        make prepare-busytest
    - name: Run BusyBox test suite
      id: summary
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Run BusyBox test suite
        set -v
        cp .busybox-config target/debug/.config
        ## Run BusyBox test suite
        bindir=$(pwd)/target/debug
        cd tmp/busybox-*/testsuite
        output=$(bindir=$bindir ./runtest 2>&1 || true)
        printf "%s\n" "${output}"
        FAIL=$(echo "$output" | grep "^FAIL:\s" | wc --lines)
        PASS=$(echo "$output" | grep "^PASS:\s" | wc --lines)
        SKIP=$(echo "$output" | grep "^SKIPPED:\s" | wc --lines)
        TOTAL=`expr $FAIL + $PASS + $SKIP`
        echo "FAIL $FAIL"
        echo "SKIP $SKIP"
        echo "PASS $PASS"
        echo "TOTAL $TOTAL"
        cd -
        output="Busybox tests summary = TOTAL: $TOTAL / PASS: $PASS / FAIL: $FAIL / SKIP: $SKIP"
        echo "${output}"
        if [[ "$FAIL" -gt 0 || "$ERROR" -gt 0 ]]; then echo "::warning ::${output}" ; fi
        jq -n \
                --arg date "$(date --rfc-email)" \
                --arg sha "$GITHUB_SHA" \
                --arg total "$TOTAL" \
                --arg pass "$PASS" \
                --arg skip "$SKIP" \
                --arg fail "$FAIL" \
                '{($date): { sha: $sha, total: $total, pass: $pass, skip: $skip, fail: $fail, }}' > '${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}'
          HASH=$(sha1sum '${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}' | cut --delim=" " -f 1)
          echo "HASH=${HASH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
    - name: Reserve SHA1/ID of 'test-summary'
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: "${{ steps.summary.outputs.HASH }}"
        path: "${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}"
    - name: Reserve test results summary
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: busybox-test-summary
        path: "${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}"
    - name: Upload json results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: busybox-result.json
        path: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}

  test_toybox:
    name: Tests/Toybox test suite
    needs: [ min_version, deps ]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest }
    steps:
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        TEST_SUMMARY_FILE="toybox-result.json"
        outputs TEST_SUMMARY_FILE
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
      with:
        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
        components: rustfmt
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    - name: Build coreutils as multiple binaries
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Build individual uutil binaries
        set -v
        make
    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Install/setup prerequisites
        make toybox-src
    - name: Run Toybox test suite
      id: summary
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Run Toybox test suite
        set -v
        cd tmp/toybox-*/
        make defconfig
        make tests &> tmp.log || true
        cat tmp.log
        FAIL=$(grep "FAIL" tmp.log | wc --lines)
        PASS=$(grep "PASS:"  tmp.log| wc --lines)
        SKIP=$(grep " disabled$"  tmp.log| wc --lines)
        TOTAL=`expr $FAIL + $PASS + $SKIP`
        echo "FAIL $FAIL"
        echo "SKIP $SKIP"
        echo "PASS $PASS"
        echo "TOTAL $TOTAL"
        cd -
        jq -n \
                --arg date "$(date --rfc-email)" \
                --arg sha "$GITHUB_SHA" \
                --arg total "$TOTAL" \
                --arg pass "$PASS" \
                --arg skip "$SKIP" \
                --arg fail "$FAIL" \
                '{($date): { sha: $sha, total: $total, pass: $pass, skip: $skip, fail: $fail, }}' > '${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}'
        output="Toybox tests summary = TOTAL: $TOTAL / PASS: $PASS / FAIL: $FAIL / SKIP: $SKIP"
        echo "${output}"
        if [[ "$FAIL" -gt 0 || "$ERROR" -gt 0 ]]; then echo "::warning ::${output}" ; fi
        HASH=$(sha1sum '${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}' | cut --delim=" " -f 1)
          echo "HASH=${HASH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
    - name: Reserve SHA1/ID of 'test-summary'
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: "${{ steps.summary.outputs.HASH }}"
        path: "${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}"
    - name: Reserve test results summary
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: toybox-test-summary
        path: "${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}"
    - name: Upload json results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: toybox-result.json
        path: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.TEST_SUMMARY_FILE }}

  coverage:
    name: Code Coverage
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.job.os }}
    timeout-minutes: 90
    env:
      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
      RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
          - { os: ubuntu-latest  , features: unix, toolchain: nightly }
          - { os: macos-latest   , features: macos, toolchain: nightly }
          - { os: windows-latest , features: windows, toolchain: nightly-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
      with:
        toolchain: ${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}
        components: rustfmt
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@grcov
    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
    - name: Run sccache-cache
      uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
    # - name: Reattach HEAD ## may be needed for accurate code coverage info
    #   run: git checkout ${{ github.head_ref }}
    - name: Initialize workflow variables
      id: vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # toolchain
        TOOLCHAIN="nightly" ## default to "nightly" toolchain (required for certain required unstable compiler flags) ## !maint: refactor when stable channel has needed support
        # * specify gnu-type TOOLCHAIN for windows; `grcov` requires gnu-style code coverage data files
        case ${{ matrix.job.os }} in windows-*) TOOLCHAIN="$TOOLCHAIN-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" ;; esac;
        # * use requested TOOLCHAIN if specified
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ]; then TOOLCHAIN="${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}" ; fi
        outputs TOOLCHAIN
        # staging directory
        STAGING='_staging'
        outputs STAGING
        # target-specific options
        # * CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--all-features' ;  ## default to '--all-features' for code coverage
        if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features=${{ matrix.job.features }}' ; fi
        outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
        # * CODECOV_FLAGS
        CODECOV_FLAGS=$( echo "${{ matrix.job.os }}" | sed 's/[^[:alnum:]]/_/g' )
        outputs CODECOV_FLAGS
    - name: Install/setup prerequisites
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Install/setup prerequisites
        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
          macos-latest) brew install coreutils ;; # needed for testing
        esac
        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
          ubuntu-latest)
            # pinky is a tool to show logged-in users from utmp, and gecos fields from /etc/passwd.
            # In GitHub Action *nix VMs, no accounts log in, even the "runner" account that runs the commands. The account also has empty gecos fields.
            # To work around this for pinky tests, we create a fake login entry for the GH runner account...
            FAKE_UTMP='[7] [999999] [tty2] [runner] [tty2] [] [0.0.0.0] [2022-02-22T22:22:22,222222+00:00]'
            # ... by dumping the login records, adding our fake line, then reverse dumping ...
            (utmpdump /var/run/utmp ; echo $FAKE_UTMP) | sudo utmpdump -r -o /var/run/utmp
            # ... and add a full name to each account with a gecos field but no full name.
            sudo sed -i 's/:,/:runner name,/' /etc/passwd
            # We also create a couple optional files pinky looks for
            touch /home/runner/.project
            echo "foo" > /home/runner/.plan
            ;;
        esac
        case '${{ matrix.job.os }}' in
          # Update binutils if MinGW due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/112368
          windows-latest) C:/msys64/usr/bin/pacman.exe -Syu --needed mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc --noconfirm ; echo "C:\msys64\mingw64\bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH ;;
        esac
    - name: Initialize toolchain-dependent workflow variables
      id: dep_vars
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Dependent VARs setup
        outputs() { step_id="${{ github.action }}"; for var in "$@" ; do echo steps.${step_id}.outputs.${var}="${!var}"; echo "${var}=${!var}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT; done; }
        # * determine sub-crate utility list
        UTILITY_LIST="$(./util/show-utils.sh ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }})"
        CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS="$(for u in ${UTILITY_LIST}; do echo -n "-puu_${u} "; done;)"
        outputs CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS
    - name: Test
      run: cargo nextest run --profile ci --hide-progress-bar ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }} -p uucore -p coreutils
      env:
        RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
        RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
        RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
        # RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.TOOLCHAIN }}
    - name: Test individual utilities
      run: cargo nextest run --profile ci --hide-progress-bar ${{ steps.dep_vars.outputs.CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS }}
      env:
        RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
        RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
        RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
        RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
        # RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.TOOLCHAIN }}
    - name: Generate coverage data (via `grcov`)
      id: coverage
      shell: bash
      run: |
        ## Generate coverage data
        COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR="target/debug"
        COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE="${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}/lcov.info"
        # GRCOV_IGNORE_OPTION='--ignore build.rs --ignore "vendor/*" --ignore "/*" --ignore "[a-zA-Z]:/*"' ## `grcov` ignores these params when passed as an environment variable (why?)
        # GRCOV_EXCLUDE_OPTION='--excl-br-line "^\s*((debug_)?assert(_eq|_ne)?!|#\[derive\()"' ## `grcov` ignores these params when passed as an environment variable (why?)
        mkdir -p "${COVERAGE_REPORT_DIR}"
        # display coverage files
        ~/.cargo/bin/grcov . --output-type files --ignore build.rs --ignore "vendor/*" --ignore "/*" --ignore "[a-zA-Z]:/*" --excl-br-line "^\s*((debug_)?assert(_eq|_ne)?!|#\[derive\()" | sort --unique
        # generate coverage report
        ~/.cargo/bin/grcov . --output-type lcov --output-path "${COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE}" --branch --ignore build.rs --ignore "vendor/*" --ignore "/*" --ignore "[a-zA-Z]:/*" --excl-br-line "^\s*((debug_)?assert(_eq|_ne)?!|#\[derive\()"
        echo "report=${COVERAGE_REPORT_FILE}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
    - name: Upload coverage results (to Codecov.io)
      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
      # if: steps.vars.outputs.HAS_CODECOV_TOKEN
      with:
        # token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
        file: ${{ steps.coverage.outputs.report }}
        ## flags: IntegrationTests, UnitTests, ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CODECOV_FLAGS }}
        flags: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CODECOV_FLAGS }}
        name: codecov-umbrella
        fail_ci_if_error: false