diff --git a/src/app/parser.rs b/src/app/parser.rs
index 861a4b01..31775d02 100644
--- a/src/app/parser.rs
+++ b/src/app/parser.rs
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ macro_rules! parse_positional {
             $pos_counter == $_self.positionals.len()) {
             $pos_only = true;
         }
+
+        $matcher.inc_occurrence_of($p.name);
+        let _ = $_self.groups_for_arg($p.name).and_then(|vec| Some($matcher.inc_occurrences_of(&*vec)));
         arg_post_processing!($_self, $p, $matcher);
         // Only increment the positional counter if it doesn't allow multiples
         if !$p.settings.is_set(ArgSettings::Multiple) {
@@ -156,7 +159,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Parser<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b {
                        a.name);
             }
             let pb = PosBuilder::from_arg(&a, i as u8, &mut self.required);
-            // self.positionals_name.insert(pb.name, i);
             self.positionals.insert(i, pb);
         } else if a.takes_value {
             let ob = OptBuilder::from_arg(&a, &mut self.required);
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Parser<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b {
                 try!(self.validate_required(matcher));
                 reqs_validated = true;
                 let should_err = if let Some(ref v) = matcher.0.args.get(&*o.name) {
-                    v.vals.is_empty()
+                    v.vals.is_empty() && !(o.min_vals.is_some() && o.min_vals.unwrap() == 0)
                 } else {
                     true
                 };
@@ -1037,6 +1039,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Parser<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b {
             try!(self.add_val_to_arg(opt, v, matcher));
         } else { sdebugln!("None"); }
 
+        matcher.inc_occurrence_of(opt.name);
+        // Increment or create the group "args"
+        self.groups_for_arg(opt.name).and_then(|vec| Some(matcher.inc_occurrences_of(&*vec)));
+
         if (opt.is_set(ArgSettings::Multiple) || opt.num_vals().is_some())
             || val.is_none() {
             return Ok(Some(opt.name));
@@ -1124,8 +1130,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Parser<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b {
         debugln!("fn=parse_flag;");
         validate_multiples!(self, flag, matcher);
 
-        matcher.inc_occurrence_of(&*flag.name.clone());
-
+        matcher.inc_occurrence_of(flag.name);
         // Increment or create the group "args"
         self.groups_for_arg(flag.name).and_then(|vec| Some(matcher.inc_occurrences_of(&*vec)));
 
@@ -1295,11 +1300,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Parser<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b {
             }
             if let Some(a) = self.flags.iter().filter(|f| &f.name == name).next() {
                 if self._validate_blacklist_required(a, matcher) { continue 'outer; }
-            }
-            if let Some(a) = self.opts.iter().filter(|o| &o.name == name).next() {
+            } else if let Some(a) = self.opts.iter().filter(|o| &o.name == name).next() {
                 if self._validate_blacklist_required(a, matcher) { continue 'outer; }
-            }
-            if let Some(a) = self.positionals.values().filter(|p| &p.name == name).next() {
+            } else if let Some(a) = self.positionals.values().filter(|p| &p.name == name).next() {
                 if self._validate_blacklist_required(a, matcher) { continue 'outer; }
             }
             let err = if self.settings.is_set(AppSettings::ArgRequiredElseHelp) && matcher.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/args/arg.rs b/src/args/arg.rs
index cce4bc78..239e267b 100644
--- a/src/args/arg.rs
+++ b/src/args/arg.rs
@@ -878,9 +878,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Arg<'a, 'b> {
     /// `.max_values(3)`, and this argument would be satisfied if the user provided, 1, 2, or 3
     /// values.
     ///
-    /// **NOTE:** `qty` must be > 1
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE:** This implicitly sets `.multiple(true)`
+    /// **NOTE:** For positional arguments this implicitly sets `multiple(true)` but does *not*
+    /// for options. This is because `-o val -o val` is multiples occurrences but a single value
+    /// and `-o val1 val2` is a single occurence with multple values. For positional arguments
+    /// there is no way to determine the diffrence between multiple occureces and multiple values.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -892,13 +893,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Arg<'a, 'b> {
     /// .max_values(3)
     /// # ).get_matches();
     pub fn max_values(mut self, qty: u8) -> Self {
-        if qty < 2 {
-            panic!("Arguments with max_values(qty) qty must be > 1. Prefer \
-                takes_value(true) for arguments with only one value, or flags for arguments \
-                with 0 values.");
-        }
         self.max_vals = Some(qty);
-        self.multiple = true;
         self
     }
 
@@ -907,12 +902,11 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Arg<'a, 'b> {
     /// `.min_values(2)`, and this argument would be satisfied if the user provided, 2 or more
     /// values.
     ///
-    /// **NOTE:** This implicitly sets `.multiple(true)`
+    /// **NOTE:** For positional arguments this implicitly sets `multiple(true)` but does *not*
+    /// for options. This is because `-o val -o val` is multiples occurrences but a single value
+    /// and `-o val1 val2` is a single occurence with multple values. For positional arguments
+    /// there is no way to determine the diffrence between multiple occureces and multiple values.
     ///
-    /// **NOTE:** `qty` must be > 0
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE:** `qty` *must* be > 0. If you wish to have an argument with 0 or more values prefer
-    /// two separate arguments (a flag, and an option with multiple values).
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -925,7 +919,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Arg<'a, 'b> {
     /// # ).get_matches();
     pub fn min_values(mut self, qty: u8) -> Self {
         self.min_vals = Some(qty);
-        self.multiple = true;
         self
     }
 
diff --git a/src/args/arg_builder/positional.rs b/src/args/arg_builder/positional.rs
index dfdf8bd0..547a08a7 100644
--- a/src/args/arg_builder/positional.rs
+++ b/src/args/arg_builder/positional.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<'n, 'e> PosBuilder<'n, 'e> {
             help: a.help,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        if a.multiple {
+        if a.multiple || a.num_vals.is_some() || a.max_vals.is_some() || a.min_vals.is_some() {
             pb.settings.set(ArgSettings::Multiple);
         }
         if a.required {
diff --git a/src/args/arg_matcher.rs b/src/args/arg_matcher.rs
index 25a8e83d..7dc1a5ca 100644
--- a/src/args/arg_matcher.rs
+++ b/src/args/arg_matcher.rs
@@ -37,14 +37,6 @@ impl<'a> ArgMatcher<'a> {
         self.0.args.is_empty()
     }
 
-    // pub fn values_of(&'a self, arg: &str) -> Values<'a> {
-    //     self.0.values_of(arg)
-    // }
-
-    // pub fn os_values_of(&'a self, arg: &str) -> OsValues<'a> {
-    //     self.0.os_values_of(arg)
-    // }
-
     pub fn usage(&mut self, usage: String) {
         self.0.usage = Some(usage);
     }
@@ -71,6 +63,7 @@ impl<'a> ArgMatcher<'a> {
 
     pub fn inc_occurrence_of(&mut self, arg: &'a str) {
         if let Some(a) = self.get_mut(arg) {
+            debugln!("+1 to {}'s occurrences", arg);
             a.occurs += 1;
             return;
         }
@@ -85,13 +78,11 @@ impl<'a> ArgMatcher<'a> {
 
     pub fn add_val_to(&mut self, arg: &'a str, val: &OsStr) {
         let ma = self.entry(arg).or_insert(MatchedArg {
-            // occurrences will be incremented on getting a value
             occurs: 0,
             vals: VecMap::new(),
         });
         let len = ma.vals.len() + 1;
         ma.vals.insert(len, val.to_owned());
-        ma.occurs += 1;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/errors.rs b/src/errors.rs
index d8cc8ada..f05946e7 100644
--- a/src/errors.rs
+++ b/src/errors.rs
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ impl Error {
     {
         let a = arg.into();
         Error {
-            message: format!("{} The argument '{}' wasn't recognized, or isn't valid{}\n\
+            message: format!("{} The argument '{}' wasn't recognized, or isn't valid in this context{}\n\
                             {}\n\n\
                             For more information try {}",
                            Format::Error("error:"),