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docs: Make clap_derive reflect it not being user-facing
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# clap_derive
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Parse command line argument by defining a struct. It combines [structopt](https://github.com/TeXitoi/structopt) and [clap](https://crates.io/crates/clap) into a single experience. This crate is used by clap, and not meant to be used directly by
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consumers.
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## Documentation
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Find it on [Docs.rs](https://docs.rs/clap_derive). You can also check the [examples](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/tree/master/clap_derive/examples) and the [changelog](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).
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## Example
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Add `clap` to your dependencies of your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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clap = "3"
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```
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And then, in your rust file:
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```rust,no_run
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use std::path::PathBuf;
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use clap::{Parser, ValueHint};
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/// A basic example
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#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
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#[clap(name = "basic")]
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struct Opt {
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// A flag, true if used in the command line. Note doc comment will
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// be used for the help message of the flag. The name of the
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// argument will be, by default, based on the name of the field.
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/// Activate debug mode
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#[clap(short, long)]
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debug: bool,
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// The number of occurrences of the `v/verbose` flag
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/// Verbose mode (-v, -vv, -vvv, etc.)
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#[clap(short, long, parse(from_occurrences))]
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verbose: u8,
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/// Set speed
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#[clap(short, long, default_value = "42")]
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speed: f64,
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/// Output file
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#[clap(short, long, parse(from_os_str), value_hint = ValueHint::FilePath)]
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output: PathBuf,
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// the long option will be translated by default to kebab case,
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// i.e. `--nb-cars`.
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/// Number of cars
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#[clap(short = 'c', long)]
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nb_cars: Option<i32>,
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/// admin_level to consider
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#[clap(short, long)]
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level: Vec<String>,
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/// Files to process
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#[clap(name = "FILE", parse(from_os_str), value_hint = ValueHint::AnyPath)]
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files: Vec<PathBuf>,
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}
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fn main() {
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let opt = Opt::parse();
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println!("{:#?}", opt);
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}
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```
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Using this example:
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```bash
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$ ./basic
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error: The following required arguments were not provided:
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--output <output>
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USAGE:
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basic --output <output> --speed <speed>
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For more information try --help
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$ ./basic --help
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basic 0.3.0
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Guillaume Pinot <texitoi@texitoi.eu>, others
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A basic example
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USAGE:
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basic [OPTIONS] --output <output> [--] [file]...
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ARGS:
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<FILE>... Files to process
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OPTIONS:
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-c, --nb-cars <nb-cars> Number of cars
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-d, --debug Activate debug mode
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-h, --help Print help information
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-l, --level <level>... admin_level to consider
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-o, --output <output> Output file
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-s, --speed <speed> Set speed [default: 42]
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-V, --version Print version information
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-v, --verbose Verbose mode (-v, -vv, -vvv, etc.)
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ARGS:
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<file>... Files to process
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$ ./basic -o foo.txt
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Opt {
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debug: false,
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verbose: 0,
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speed: 42.0,
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output: "foo.txt",
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nb_cars: None,
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level: [],
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files: [],
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}
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$ ./basic -o foo.txt -dvvvs 1337 -l alice -l bob --nb-cars 4 bar.txt baz.txt
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Opt {
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debug: true,
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verbose: 3,
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speed: 1337.0,
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output: "foo.txt",
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nb_cars: Some(
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4,
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),
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level: [
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"alice",
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"bob",
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],
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files: [
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"bar.txt",
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"baz.txt",
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],
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}
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```
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## clap_derive rustc version policy
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- Minimum rustc version modification must be specified in the [changelog](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap_derive/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) and in the [travis configuration](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap_derive/blob/master/.travis.yaml).
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- Contributors can increment minimum rustc version without any justification if the new version is required by the latest version of one of clap_derive's dependencies (`cargo update` will not fail on clap_derive).
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- Contributors can increment minimum rustc version if the library user experience is improved.
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## Why
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I've (@TeXitoi) used [docopt](https://crates.io/crates/docopt) for a long time (pre rust 1.0). I really like the fact that you have a structure with the parsed argument: no need to convert `String` to `f64`, no useless `unwrap`. But on the other hand, I don't like to write by hand the usage string. That's like going back to the golden age of WYSIWYG editors. Field naming is also a bit artificial.
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Today, the new standard to read command line arguments in Rust is [clap](https://crates.io/crates/clap). This library is so feature full! But I think there is one downside: even if you can validate argument and expressing that an argument is required, you still need to transform something looking like a hashmap of string vectors to something useful for your application.
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Now, there is stable custom derive. Thus I can add to clap the automatic conversion that I miss. Here is the result.
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Macro implementation for clap's derives.
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## License
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