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README.md
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@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ Created by [gh-md-toc](https://github.com/ekalinin/github-markdown-toc)
## What's New ## What's New
If you're already familiar with `clap` but just want to see some new highlights as of **1.4.1** If you're already familiar with `clap` but just want to see some new highlights as of **1.4.3**
* You can now access values from an argument in a group via the group name, instead of having to check each arg name individually to find out which one was used. The same applies for checking if an arg from a group `is_present()`
* You now have the option to **not** `panic!` on invalid unicode. The `*_safe()` family of `get_matches` will return an `Err` with `ClapErrorType::InvalidUnicode`. * You now have the option to **not** `panic!` on invalid unicode. The `*_safe()` family of `get_matches` will return an `Err` with `ClapErrorType::InvalidUnicode`.
* You have the option to get lossy unicode values. By using the `*_lossy()` versions of the `get_matches` family of methods all invalid unicode will be replaced with `U+FFFD` and **not** `panic!` or fail parsing. * You have the option to get lossy unicode values. By using the `*_lossy()` versions of the `get_matches` family of methods all invalid unicode will be replaced with `U+FFFD` and **not** `panic!` or fail parsing.
* Some documentation improvements * Some documentation improvements

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src/lib.rs
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@ -7,7 +7,475 @@
// Fix until clippy on crates.io is updated to include needless_lifetimes lint // Fix until clippy on crates.io is updated to include needless_lifetimes lint
//#![cfg_attr(feature = "lints", allow(unknown_lints))] //#![cfg_attr(feature = "lints", allow(unknown_lints))]
// DOCS /// Command Line Argument Parser for Rust
///
/// It is a simple to use, efficient, and full featured library for parsing command line arguments
/// and subcommands when writing console, or terminal applications.
///
/// ## About
///
/// `clap` is used to parse *and validate* the string of command line arguments provided by the
/// user at runtime. You provide the list of valid possibilities, and `clap` handles the rest. This
/// means you focus on your *applications* functionality, and less on the parsing and validating of
/// arguments.
///
/// `clap` also provides the traditional version and help switches (or flags) 'for free' meaning
/// automatically with no configuration. It does this by checking list of valid possibilities you
/// supplied and if you haven't them already (or only defined some of them), `clap` will auto-
/// generate the applicable ones. If you are using subcommands, `clap` will also auto-generate a
/// `help` subcommand for you in addition to the traditional flags.
///
/// Once `clap` parses the user provided string of arguments, it returns the matches along with any
/// applicable values. If the user made an error or typo, `clap` informs them of the mistake and
/// exits gracefully. Because of this, you can make reasonable assumptions in your code about the
/// validity of the arguments.
///
/// ## Quick Examples
///
/// The following examples show a quick example of some of the very basic functionality of `clap`.
/// For more advanced usage, such as requirements, exclusions, groups, multiple values and
/// occurrences see the [video tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLza5oFLQGTl0Bc_EU_pBNcX-rhVqDTRxv),
/// [documentation](http://kbknapp.github.io/clap-rs/clap/index.html), or [examples/](https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples)
/// directory of this repository.
///
/// **NOTE:** All these examples are functionally the same, but show three different styles in
/// which to use `clap`
///
/// ```no_run
/// // (Full example with detailed comments in examples/01a_quick_example.rs)
/// //
/// // This example demonstrates clap's "usage strings" method of creating arguments which is less
/// // less verbose
/// extern crate clap;
/// use clap::{Arg, App, SubCommand};
///
/// fn main() {
/// let matches = App::new("myapp")
/// .version("1.0")
/// .author("Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com>")
/// .about("Does awesome things")
/// .args_from_usage(
/// "-c --config=[CONFIG] 'Sets a custom config file'
/// <INPUT> 'Sets the input file to use'
/// [debug]... -d 'Sets the level of debugging information'")
/// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test")
/// .about("controls testing features")
/// .version("1.3")
/// .author("Someone E. <someone_else@other.com>")
/// .arg_from_usage("-v --verbose 'Print test information verbosely'"))
/// .get_matches();
///
/// // Calling .unwrap() is safe here because "INPUT" is required (if "INPUT" wasn't
/// // required we could have used an 'if let' to conditionally get the value)
/// println!("Using input file: {}", matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap());
///
/// // Gets a value for config if supplied by user, or defaults to "default.conf"
/// let config = matches.value_of("CONFIG").unwrap_or("default.conf");
/// println!("Value for config: {}", config);
///
/// // Vary the output based on how many times the user used the "debug" flag
/// // (i.e. 'myapp -d -d -d' or 'myapp -ddd' vs 'myapp -d'
/// match matches.occurrences_of("debug") {
/// 0 => println!("Debug mode is off"),
/// 1 => println!("Debug mode is kind of on"),
/// 2 => println!("Debug mode is on"),
/// 3 | _ => println!("Don't be crazy"),
/// }
///
/// // You can information about subcommands by requesting their matches by name
/// // (as below), requesting just the name used, or both at the same time
/// if let Some(matches) = matches.subcommand_matches("test") {
/// if matches.is_present("verbose") {
/// println!("Printing verbosely...");
/// } else {
/// println!("Printing normally...");
/// }
/// }
///
/// // more program logic goes here...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The following example is functionally the same as the one above, but this method allows more
/// advanced configuration options (not shown in this small example), or even dynamically
/// generating arguments when desired. Both methods can be used together to get the best of both
/// worlds (see the documentation, [examples/](https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples),
/// or video tutorials).
///
/// ```no_run
/// // (Full example with detailed comments in examples/01b_quick_example.rs)
/// //
/// // This example demonstrates clap's full 'builder pattern' style of creating arguments which is
/// // more verbose, but allows easier editing, and at times more advanced options, or the possibility
/// // to generate arguments dynamically.
/// extern crate clap;
/// use clap::{Arg, App, SubCommand};
///
/// fn main() {
/// let matches = App::new("myapp")
/// .version("1.0")
/// .author("Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com>")
/// .about("Does awesome things")
/// .arg(Arg::with_name("CONFIG")
/// .short("c")
/// .long("config")
/// .help("Sets a custom config file")
/// .takes_value(true))
/// .arg(Arg::with_name("INPUT")
/// .help("Sets the input file to use")
/// .required(true)
/// .index(1))
/// .arg(Arg::with_name("debug")
/// .short("d")
/// .multiple(true)
/// .help("Sets the level of debugging information"))
/// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test")
/// .about("controls testing features")
/// .version("1.3")
/// .author("Someone E. <someone_else@other.com>")
/// .arg(Arg::with_name("verbose")
/// .short("v")
/// .help("print test information verbosely")))
/// .get_matches();
///
/// // Calling .unwrap() is safe here because "INPUT" is required (if "INPUT" wasn't
/// // required we could have used an 'if let' to conditionally get the value)
/// println!("Using input file: {}", matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap());
///
/// // Gets a value for config if supplied by user, or defaults to "default.conf"
/// let config = matches.value_of("CONFIG").unwrap_or("default.conf");
/// println!("Value for config: {}", config);
///
/// // Vary the output based on how many times the user used the "debug" flag
/// // (i.e. 'myapp -d -d -d' or 'myapp -ddd' vs 'myapp -d'
/// match matches.occurrences_of("debug") {
/// 0 => println!("Debug mode is off"),
/// 1 => println!("Debug mode is kind of on"),
/// 2 => println!("Debug mode is on"),
/// 3 | _ => println!("Don't be crazy"),
/// }
///
/// // You can information about subcommands by requesting their matches by name
/// // (as below), requesting just the name used, or both at the same time
/// if let Some(matches) = matches.subcommand_matches("test") {
/// if matches.is_present("verbose") {
/// println!("Printing verbosely...");
/// } else {
/// println!("Printing normally...");
/// }
/// }
///
/// // more program logic goes here...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The following combines the previous two examples by using the simplicity of the `from_usage`
/// methods and the performance of the Builder Pattern.
///
/// ```no_run
/// // (Full example with detailed comments in examples/01c_quick_example.rs)
/// //
/// // This example demonstrates clap's "usage strings" method of creating arguments which is less
/// // less verbose
/// #[macro_use]
/// extern crate clap;
///
/// fn main() {
/// let matches = clap_app!(myapp =>
/// (version: "1.0")
/// (author: "Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com>")
/// (about: "Does awesome things")
/// (@arg CONFIG: -c --config +takes_value "Sets a custom config file")
/// (@arg INPUT: +required "Sets the input file to use")
/// (@arg debug: -d ... "Sets the level of debugging information")
/// (@subcommand test =>
/// (about: "controls testing features")
/// (version: "1.3")
/// (author: "Someone E. <someone_else@other.com>")
/// (@arg verbose: -v --verbose "Print test information verbosely")
/// )
/// ).get_matches();
///
/// // Calling .unwrap() is safe here because "INPUT" is required (if "INPUT" wasn't
/// // required we could have used an 'if let' to conditionally get the value)
/// println!("Using input file: {}", matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap());
///
/// // Gets a value for config if supplied by user, or defaults to "default.conf"
/// let config = matches.value_of("CONFIG").unwrap_or("default.conf");
/// println!("Value for config: {}", config);
///
/// // Vary the output based on how many times the user used the "debug" flag
/// // (i.e. 'myapp -d -d -d' or 'myapp -ddd' vs 'myapp -d'
/// match matches.occurrences_of("debug") {
/// 0 => println!("Debug mode is off"),
/// 1 => println!("Debug mode is kind of on"),
/// 2 => println!("Debug mode is on"),
/// 3 | _ => println!("Don't be crazy"),
/// }
///
/// // You can information about subcommands by requesting their matches by name
/// // (as below), requesting just the name used, or both at the same time
/// if let Some(matches) = matches.subcommand_matches("test") {
/// if matches.is_present("verbose") {
/// println!("Printing verbosely...");
/// } else {
/// println!("Printing normally...");
/// }
/// }
///
/// // more program logic goes here...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// This final method shows how you can use a YAML file to build your CLI and keep your Rust source
/// tidy. First, create the `cli.yml` file to hold your CLI options, but it could be called
/// anything we like (we'll use the same both examples above to keep it functionally equivilant):
///
/// ```ignore
/// name: myapp
/// version: 1.0
/// author: Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com>
/// about: Does awesome things
/// args:
/// - CONFIG:
/// short: c
/// long: config
/// help: Sets a custom config file
/// takes_value: true
/// - INPUT:
/// help: Sets the input file to use
/// required: true
/// index: 1
/// - debug:
/// short: d
/// multiple: true
/// help: Sets the level of debugging information
/// subcommands:
/// - test:
/// about: controls testing features
/// version: 1.3
/// author: Someone E. <someone_else@other.com>
/// args:
/// - verbose:
/// short: v
/// help: print test information verbosely
/// ```
///
/// Now we create our `main.rs` file just like we would have with the previous two examples:
///
/// ```ignore
/// // (Full example with detailed comments in examples/17_yaml.rs)
/// //
/// // This example demonstrates clap's building from YAML style of creating arguments which is far
/// // more clean, but takes a very small performance hit compared to the other two methods.
/// #[macro_use]
/// extern crate clap;
/// use clap::App;
///
/// fn main() {
/// // The YAML file is found relative to the current file, similar to how modules are found
/// let yaml = load_yaml!("cli.yml");
/// let matches = App::from_yaml(yaml).get_matches();
///
/// // Calling .unwrap() is safe here because "INPUT" is required (if "INPUT" wasn't
/// // required we could have used an 'if let' to conditionally get the value)
/// println!("Using input file: {}", matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap());
///
/// // Gets a value for config if supplied by user, or defaults to "default.conf"
/// let config = matches.value_of("CONFIG").unwrap_or("default.conf");
/// println!("Value for config: {}", config);
///
/// // Vary the output based on how many times the user used the "debug" flag
/// // (i.e. 'myapp -d -d -d' or 'myapp -ddd' vs 'myapp -d'
/// match matches.occurrences_of("debug") {
/// 0 => println!("Debug mode is off"),
/// 1 => println!("Debug mode is kind of on"),
/// 2 => println!("Debug mode is on"),
/// 3 | _ => println!("Don't be crazy"),
/// }
///
/// // You can information about subcommands by requesting their matches by name
/// // (as below), requesting just the name used, or both at the same time
/// if let Some(matches) = matches.subcommand_matches("test") {
/// if matches.is_present("verbose") {
/// println!("Printing verbosely...");
/// } else {
/// println!("Printing normally...");
/// }
/// }
///
/// // more program logic goes here...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// If you were to compile any of the above programs and run them with the flag `--help` or `-h`
/// (or `help` subcommand, since we defined `test` as a subcommand) the following would be output
///
/// **NOTE**: The YAML option requires adding a special `features` flag when compiling `clap`
/// because it is not compiled by default since it takes additional dependencies that some people
/// may not need. Simply change your `clap = "1"` to `clap = {version = "1", features = ["yaml"]}`
/// in your `Cargo.toml` to use the YAML version.
///
/// ```ignore
/// $ myapp --help
/// myapp 1.0
/// Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com>
/// Does awesome things
///
/// USAGE:
/// MyApp [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <INPUT> [SUBCOMMAND]
///
/// FLAGS:
/// -d Turn debugging information on
/// -h, --help Prints this message
/// -V, --version Prints version information
///
/// OPTIONS:
/// -c, --config <CONFIG> Sets a custom config file
///
/// ARGS:
/// INPUT The input file to use
///
/// SUBCOMMANDS:
/// help Prints this message
/// test Controls testing features
/// ```
///
/// **NOTE:** You could also run `myapp test --help` to see similar output and options for the
/// `test` subcommand.
///
/// ## Try it!
///
/// ### Pre-Built Test
///
/// To try out the pre-built example, use the following steps:
///
/// * Clone the repo `$ git clone https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs && cd clap-rs/clap-tests`
/// * Compile the example `$ cargo build --release`
/// * Run the help info `$ ./target/release/claptests --help`
/// * Play with the arguments!
///
/// ### BYOB (Build Your Own Binary)
///
/// To test out `clap`'s default auto-generated help/version follow these steps:
/// * Create a new cargo project `$ cargo new fake --bin && cd fake`
/// * Add `clap` to your `Cargo.toml`
/// *
/// ```ignore
/// [dependencies]
/// clap = "1"
/// ```
///
/// * Add the following to your `src/main.rs`
///
/// ```no_run
/// extern crate clap;
/// use clap::App;
///
/// fn main() {
/// let _ = App::new("fake").version("v1.0-beta").get_matches();
/// }
/// ```
///
/// * Build your program `$ cargo build --release`
/// * Run w/ help or version `$ ./target/release/fake --help` or `$ ./target/release/fake --version`
///
/// ## Usage
///
/// For full usage, add `clap` as a dependency in your `Cargo.toml` file to use from crates.io:
///
/// ```ignore
/// [dependencies]
/// clap = "1"
/// ```
/// Or track the latest on the master branch at github:
///
/// ```ignore
/// [dependencies.clap]
/// git = "https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs.git"
/// ```
///
/// Add `extern crate clap;` to your crate root.
///
/// Define a list of valid arguments for your program (see the [documentation](https://kbknapp.github.io/clap-rs/index.html)
/// or [examples/](https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples) directory of this repo)
///
/// Then run `cargo build` or `cargo update && cargo build` for your project.
///
/// ### Optional Dependencies / Features
///
/// If you'd like to keep your dependency list to **only** `clap`, you can disable any features
/// that require an additional dependency. To do this, add this to your `Cargo.toml`:
///
/// ```ignore
/// [dependencies.clap]
/// version = "1"
/// default-features = false
/// ```
///
/// You can also selectively enable only the features you'd like to include, by adding:
///
/// ```ignore
/// [dependencies.clap]
/// version = "1"
/// default-features = false
///
/// # Cherry-pick the features you'd like to use
/// features = [ "suggestions", "color" ]
/// ```
///
/// The following is a list of optional `clap` features:
///
/// * **"suggestions"**: Turns on the `Did you mean '--myoption' ?` feature for when users make
/// typos.
/// * **"color"**: Turns on red error messages. This feature only works on non-Windows OSs.
/// * **"lints"**: This is **not** included by default and should only be used while developing to
/// run basic lints against changes. This can only be used on Rust nightly.
///
/// ### Dependencies Tree
///
/// The following graphic depicts `clap`s dependency graph.
///
/// * **Dashed** Line: Optional dependency
/// * **Red** Color: **NOT** included by default (must use cargo `features` to enable)
///
/// ![clap dependencies](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/master/clap.png)
///
/// ### More Information
///
/// You can find complete documentation on the [github-pages site](http://kbknapp.github.io/clap-rs/clap/index.html)
/// for this project.
///
/// You can also find usage examples in the [examples/](https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples)
/// directory of this repo.
///
/// #### Video Tutorials
///
/// There's also the video tutorial series [Argument Parsing with Rust](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLza5oFLQGTl0Bc_EU_pBNcX-rhVqDTRxv)
/// that I've been working on.
///
/// *Note*: Two new videos have just been added ([08 From Usage](https://youtu.be/xc6VdedFrG0), and
/// [09 Typed Values](https://youtu.be/mZn3C1DnD90)), if you're already familiar with `clap` but
/// want to know more about these two details you can check out those videos without watching the
/// previous few.
///
/// *Note*: Apologies for the resolution of the first video, it will be updated to a better
/// resolution soon. The other videos have a proper resolution.
///
/// ### Running the tests
///
/// If contributing, you can run the tests as follows (assuming you're in the `clap-rs` directory)
///
/// ```ignore
/// cargo test --features yaml && make -C clap-tests test
/// ```
///
/// ## License
///
/// `clap` is licensed under the MIT license. Please read the [LICENSE-MIT](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/master/LICENSE-MIT)
/// file in
/// this repository for more information.
///
#[cfg(feature = "suggestions")] #[cfg(feature = "suggestions")]
extern crate strsim; extern crate strsim;