bevy/examples/camera/first_person_view_model.rs
Rich Churcher 848e7fae43
Use AccumulatedMouseMotion, AccumulatedMouseScroll in examples (#14488)
# Objective

Use the new `AccumulatedMouseMotion` and `AccumulatedMouseScroll`
resources in place of mouse event handling.

I left the `mouse_input_events` example alone, since by its nature it
demonstrates event detection.

Fixes #14066 

## Testing

Ran each example locally before and after changes.
2024-07-29 23:38:59 +00:00

256 lines
8.9 KiB
Rust

//! This example showcases a 3D first-person camera.
//!
//! The setup presented here is a very common way of organizing a first-person game
//! where the player can see their own arms. We use two industry terms to differentiate
//! the kinds of models we have:
//!
//! - The *view model* is the model that represents the player's body.
//! - The *world model* is everything else.
//!
//! ## Motivation
//!
//! The reason for this distinction is that these two models should be rendered with different field of views (FOV).
//! The view model is typically designed and animated with a very specific FOV in mind, so it is
//! generally *fixed* and cannot be changed by a player. The world model, on the other hand, should
//! be able to change its FOV to accommodate the player's preferences for the following reasons:
//! - *Accessibility*: How prone is the player to motion sickness? A wider FOV can help.
//! - *Tactical preference*: Does the player want to see more of the battlefield?
//! Or have a more zoomed-in view for precision aiming?
//! - *Physical considerations*: How well does the in-game FOV match the player's real-world FOV?
//! Are they sitting in front of a monitor or playing on a TV in the living room? How big is the screen?
//!
//! ## Implementation
//!
//! The `Player` is an entity holding two cameras, one for each model. The view model camera has a fixed
//! FOV of 70 degrees, while the world model camera has a variable FOV that can be changed by the player.
//!
//! We use different `RenderLayers` to select what to render.
//!
//! - The world model camera has no explicit `RenderLayers` component, so it uses the layer 0.
//! All static objects in the scene are also on layer 0 for the same reason.
//! - The view model camera has a `RenderLayers` component with layer 1, so it only renders objects
//! explicitly assigned to layer 1. The arm of the player is one such object.
//! The order of the view model camera is additionally bumped to 1 to ensure it renders on top of the world model.
//! - The light source in the scene must illuminate both the view model and the world model, so it is
//! assigned to both layers 0 and 1.
//!
//! ## Controls
//!
//! | Key Binding | Action |
//! |:---------------------|:--------------|
//! | mouse | Look around |
//! | arrow up | Decrease FOV |
//! | arrow down | Increase FOV |
use bevy::color::palettes::tailwind;
use bevy::input::mouse::AccumulatedMouseMotion;
use bevy::pbr::NotShadowCaster;
use bevy::prelude::*;
use bevy::render::view::RenderLayers;
fn main() {
App::new()
.add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
.add_systems(
Startup,
(
spawn_view_model,
spawn_world_model,
spawn_lights,
spawn_text,
),
)
.add_systems(Update, (move_player, change_fov))
.run();
}
#[derive(Debug, Component)]
struct Player;
#[derive(Debug, Component)]
struct WorldModelCamera;
/// Used implicitly by all entities without a `RenderLayers` component.
/// Our world model camera and all objects other than the player are on this layer.
/// The light source belongs to both layers.
const DEFAULT_RENDER_LAYER: usize = 0;
/// Used by the view model camera and the player's arm.
/// The light source belongs to both layers.
const VIEW_MODEL_RENDER_LAYER: usize = 1;
fn spawn_view_model(
mut commands: Commands,
mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
let arm = meshes.add(Cuboid::new(0.1, 0.1, 0.5));
let arm_material = materials.add(Color::from(tailwind::TEAL_200));
commands
.spawn((
Player,
SpatialBundle {
transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
..default()
},
))
.with_children(|parent| {
parent.spawn((
WorldModelCamera,
Camera3dBundle {
projection: PerspectiveProjection {
fov: 90.0_f32.to_radians(),
..default()
}
.into(),
..default()
},
));
// Spawn view model camera.
parent.spawn((
Camera3dBundle {
camera: Camera {
// Bump the order to render on top of the world model.
order: 1,
..default()
},
projection: PerspectiveProjection {
fov: 70.0_f32.to_radians(),
..default()
}
.into(),
..default()
},
// Only render objects belonging to the view model.
RenderLayers::layer(VIEW_MODEL_RENDER_LAYER),
));
// Spawn the player's right arm.
parent.spawn((
MaterialMeshBundle {
mesh: arm,
material: arm_material,
transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.2, -0.1, -0.25),
..default()
},
// Ensure the arm is only rendered by the view model camera.
RenderLayers::layer(VIEW_MODEL_RENDER_LAYER),
// The arm is free-floating, so shadows would look weird.
NotShadowCaster,
));
});
}
fn spawn_world_model(
mut commands: Commands,
mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
let floor = meshes.add(Plane3d::new(Vec3::Y, Vec2::splat(10.0)));
let cube = meshes.add(Cuboid::new(2.0, 0.5, 1.0));
let material = materials.add(Color::WHITE);
// The world model camera will render the floor and the cubes spawned in this system.
// Assigning no `RenderLayers` component defaults to layer 0.
commands.spawn(MaterialMeshBundle {
mesh: floor,
material: material.clone(),
..default()
});
commands.spawn(MaterialMeshBundle {
mesh: cube.clone(),
material: material.clone(),
transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.25, -3.0),
..default()
});
commands.spawn(MaterialMeshBundle {
mesh: cube,
material,
transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.75, 1.75, 0.0),
..default()
});
}
fn spawn_lights(mut commands: Commands) {
commands.spawn((
PointLightBundle {
point_light: PointLight {
color: Color::from(tailwind::ROSE_300),
shadows_enabled: true,
..default()
},
transform: Transform::from_xyz(-2.0, 4.0, -0.75),
..default()
},
// The light source illuminates both the world model and the view model.
RenderLayers::from_layers(&[DEFAULT_RENDER_LAYER, VIEW_MODEL_RENDER_LAYER]),
));
}
fn spawn_text(mut commands: Commands) {
commands
.spawn(NodeBundle {
style: Style {
position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
bottom: Val::Px(12.0),
left: Val::Px(12.0),
..default()
},
..default()
})
.with_children(|parent| {
parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
concat!(
"Move the camera with your mouse.\n",
"Press arrow up to decrease the FOV of the world model.\n",
"Press arrow down to increase the FOV of the world model."
),
TextStyle {
font_size: 25.0,
..default()
},
));
});
}
fn move_player(
accumulated_mouse_motion: Res<AccumulatedMouseMotion>,
mut player: Query<&mut Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
let mut transform = player.single_mut();
let delta = accumulated_mouse_motion.delta;
if delta != Vec2::ZERO {
let yaw = -delta.x * 0.003;
let pitch = -delta.y * 0.002;
// Order of rotations is important, see <https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/a/136175/103059>
transform.rotate_y(yaw);
transform.rotate_local_x(pitch);
}
}
fn change_fov(
input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
mut world_model_projection: Query<&mut Projection, With<WorldModelCamera>>,
) {
let mut projection = world_model_projection.single_mut();
let Projection::Perspective(ref mut perspective) = projection.as_mut() else {
unreachable!(
"The `Projection` component was explicitly built with `Projection::Perspective`"
);
};
if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowUp) {
perspective.fov -= 1.0_f32.to_radians();
perspective.fov = perspective.fov.max(20.0_f32.to_radians());
}
if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowDown) {
perspective.fov += 1.0_f32.to_radians();
perspective.fov = perspective.fov.min(160.0_f32.to_radians());
}
}