bevy/crates/bevy_math/src/curve/mod.rs
Zachary Harrold a6adced9ed
Deny derive_more error feature and replace it with thiserror (#16684)
# Objective

- Remove `derive_more`'s error derivation and replace it with
`thiserror`

## Solution

- Added `derive_more`'s `error` feature to `deny.toml` to prevent it
sneaking back in.
- Reverted to `thiserror` error derivation

## Notes

Merge conflicts were too numerous to revert the individual changes, so
this reversion was done manually. Please scrutinise carefully during
review.
2024-12-06 17:03:55 +00:00

1328 lines
54 KiB
Rust

//! The [`Curve`] trait, providing a domain-agnostic description of curves.
//!
//! ## Overview
//!
//! At a high level, [`Curve`] is a trait that abstracts away the implementation details of curves,
//! which comprise any kind of data parametrized by a single continuous variable. For example, that
//! variable could represent time, in which case a curve would represent a value that changes over
//! time, as in animation; on the other hand, it could represent something like displacement or
//! distance, as in graphs, gradients, and curves in space.
//!
//! The trait itself has two fundamental components: a curve must have a [domain], which is a nonempty
//! range of `f32` values, and it must be able to be [sampled] on every one of those values, producing
//! output of some fixed type.
//!
//! A primary goal of the trait is to allow interfaces to simply accept `impl Curve<T>` as input
//! rather than requiring for input curves to be defined in data in any particular way. This is
//! supported by a number of interface methods which allow [changing parametrizations], [mapping output],
//! and [rasterization].
//!
//! ## Analogy with `Iterator`
//!
//! The `Curve` API behaves, in many ways, like a continuous counterpart to [`Iterator`]. The analogy
//! looks something like this with some of the common methods:
//!
//! | Iterators | Curves |
//! | :--------------- | :-------------- |
//! | `map` | `map` |
//! | `skip`/`step_by` | `reparametrize` |
//! | `enumerate` | `graph` |
//! | `chain` | `chain` |
//! | `zip` | `zip` |
//! | `rev` | `reverse` |
//! | `by_ref` | `by_ref` |
//!
//! Of course, there are very important differences, as well. For instance, the continuous nature of
//! curves means that many iterator methods make little sense in the context of curves, or at least
//! require numerical techniques. For example, the analogue of `sum` would be an integral, approximated
//! by something like Riemann summation.
//!
//! Furthermore, the two also differ greatly in their orientation to borrowing and mutation:
//! iterators are mutated by being iterated, and by contrast, all curve methods are immutable. More
//! information on the implications of this can be found [below](self#Ownership-and-borrowing).
//!
//! ## Defining curves
//!
//! Curves may be defined in a number of ways. The following are common:
//! - using [functions];
//! - using [sample interpolation];
//! - using [splines];
//! - using [easings].
//!
//! Among these, the first is the most versatile[^footnote]: the domain and the sampling output are just
//! specified directly in the construction. For this reason, function curves are a reliable go-to for
//! simple one-off constructions and procedural uses, where flexibility is desirable. For example:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::vec3;
//! # use bevy_math::curve::*;
//! // A sinusoid:
//! let sine_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, f32::sin);
//!
//! // A sawtooth wave:
//! let sawtooth_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, |t| t % 1.0);
//!
//! // A helix:
//! let helix_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, |theta| vec3(theta.sin(), theta, theta.cos()));
//! ```
//!
//! Sample-interpolated curves commonly arises in both rasterization and in animation, and this library
//! has support for producing them in both fashions. See [below](self#Resampling-and-rasterization) for
//! more information about rasterization. Here is what an explicit sample-interpolated curve might look like:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::prelude::*;
//! # use std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2;
//! // A list of angles that we want to traverse:
//! let angles = [
//! 0.0,
//! -FRAC_PI_2,
//! 0.0,
//! FRAC_PI_2,
//! 0.0
//! ];
//!
//! // Make each angle into a rotation by that angle:
//! let rotations = angles.map(|angle| Rot2::radians(angle));
//!
//! // Interpolate these rotations with a `Rot2`-valued curve:
//! let rotation_curve = SampleAutoCurve::new(interval(0.0, 4.0).unwrap(), rotations).unwrap();
//! ```
//!
//! For more information on [spline curves] and [easing curves], see their respective modules.
//!
//! And, of course, you are also free to define curve types yourself, implementing the trait directly.
//! For custom sample-interpolated curves, the [`cores`] submodule provides machinery to avoid having to
//! reimplement interpolation logic yourself. In many other cases, implementing the trait directly is
//! often quite straightforward:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::prelude::*;
//! struct ExponentialCurve {
//! exponent: f32,
//! }
//!
//! impl Curve<f32> for ExponentialCurve {
//! fn domain(&self) -> Interval {
//! Interval::EVERYWHERE
//! }
//!
//! fn sample_unchecked(&self, t: f32) -> f32 {
//! f32::exp(self.exponent * t)
//! }
//!
//! // All other trait methods can be inferred from these.
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! ## Transforming curves
//!
//! The API provides a few key ways of transforming one curve into another. These are often useful when
//! you would like to make use of an interface that requires a curve that bears some logical relationship
//! to one that you already have access to, but with different requirements or expectations. For example,
//! the output type of the curves may differ, or the domain may be expected to be different. The `map`
//! and `reparametrize` methods can help address this.
//!
//! As a simple example of the kind of thing that arises in practice, let's imagine that we have a
//! `Curve<Vec2>` that we want to use to describe the motion of some object over time, but the interface
//! for animation expects a `Curve<Vec3>`, since the object will move in three dimensions:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! # use std::f32::consts::TAU;
//! // Our original curve, which may look something like this:
//! let ellipse_curve = FunctionCurve::new(
//! interval(0.0, TAU).unwrap(),
//! |t| vec2(t.cos(), t.sin() * 2.0)
//! );
//!
//! // Use `map` to situate this in 3D as a Curve<Vec3>; in this case, it will be in the xy-plane:
//! let ellipse_motion_curve = ellipse_curve.map(|pos| pos.extend(0.0));
//! ```
//!
//! We might imagine further still that the interface expects the curve to have domain `[0, 1]`. The
//! `reparametrize` methods can address this:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! # use std::f32::consts::TAU;
//! # let ellipse_curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(0.0, TAU).unwrap(), |t| vec2(t.cos(), t.sin() * 2.0));
//! # let ellipse_motion_curve = ellipse_curve.map(|pos| pos.extend(0.0));
//! // Change the domain to `[0, 1]` instead of `[0, TAU]`:
//! let final_curve = ellipse_motion_curve.reparametrize_linear(Interval::UNIT).unwrap();
//! ```
//!
//! Of course, there are many other ways of using these methods. In general, `map` is used for transforming
//! the output and using it to drive something else, while `reparametrize` preserves the curve's shape but
//! changes the speed and direction in which it is traversed. For instance:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! // A line segment curve connecting two points in the plane:
//! let start = vec2(-1.0, 1.0);
//! let end = vec2(1.0, 1.0);
//! let segment = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| start.lerp(end, t));
//!
//! // Let's make a curve that goes back and forth along this line segment forever.
//! //
//! // Start by stretching the line segment in parameter space so that it travels along its length
//! // from `-1` to `1` instead of `0` to `1`:
//! let stretched_segment = segment.reparametrize_linear(interval(-1.0, 1.0).unwrap()).unwrap();
//!
//! // Now, the *output* of `f32::sin` in `[-1, 1]` corresponds to the *input* interval of
//! // `stretched_segment`; the sinusoid output is mapped to the input parameter and controls how
//! // far along the segment we are:
//! let back_and_forth_curve = stretched_segment.reparametrize(Interval::EVERYWHERE, f32::sin);
//! ```
//!
//! ## Combining curves
//!
//! Curves become more expressive when used together. For example, maybe you want to combine two
//! curves end-to-end:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! # use std::f32::consts::PI;
//! // A line segment connecting `(-1, 0)` to `(0, 0)`:
//! let line_curve = FunctionCurve::new(
//! Interval::UNIT,
//! |t| vec2(-1.0, 0.0).lerp(vec2(0.0, 0.0), t)
//! );
//!
//! // A half-circle curve starting at `(0, 0)`:
//! let half_circle_curve = FunctionCurve::new(
//! interval(0.0, PI).unwrap(),
//! |t| vec2(t.cos() * -1.0 + 1.0, t.sin())
//! );
//!
//! // A curve that traverses `line_curve` and then `half_circle_curve` over the interval
//! // from `0` to `PI + 1`:
//! let combined_curve = line_curve.chain(half_circle_curve).unwrap();
//! ```
//!
//! Or, instead, maybe you want to combine two curves the *other* way, producing a single curve
//! that combines their output in a tuple:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! // Some entity's position in 2D:
//! let position_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| vec2(t.cos(), t.sin()));
//!
//! // The same entity's orientation, described as a rotation. (In this case it will be spinning.)
//! let orientation_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| Rot2::radians(5.0 * t));
//!
//! // Both in one curve with `(Vec2, Rot2)` output:
//! let position_and_orientation = position_curve.zip(orientation_curve).unwrap();
//! ```
//!
//! See the documentation on [`chain`] and [`zip`] for more details on how these methods work.
//!
//! ## <a name="Resampling-and-rasterization"></a>Resampling and rasterization
//!
//! Sometimes, for reasons of portability, performance, or otherwise, it can be useful to ensure that
//! curves of various provenance all actually share the same concrete type. This is the purpose of the
//! [`resample`] family of functions: they allow a curve to be replaced by an approximate version of
//! itself defined by interpolation over samples from the original curve.
//!
//! In effect, this allows very different curves to be rasterized and treated uniformly. For example:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::{vec2, prelude::*};
//! // A curve that is not easily transported because it relies on evaluating a function:
//! let interesting_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| vec2(t * 3.0, t.exp()));
//!
//! // A rasterized form of the preceding curve which is just a `SampleAutoCurve`. Inside, this
//! // just stores an `Interval` along with a buffer of sample data, so it's easy to serialize
//! // and deserialize:
//! let resampled_curve = interesting_curve.resample_auto(100).unwrap();
//!
//! // The rasterized form can be seamlessly used as a curve itself:
//! let some_value = resampled_curve.sample(0.5).unwrap();
//! ```
//!
//! ## <a name="Ownership-and-borrowing"></a>Ownership and borrowing
//!
//! It can be easy to get tripped up by how curves specifically interact with Rust's ownership semantics.
//! First of all, it's worth noting that the API never uses `&mut self` — every method either takes
//! ownership of the original curve or uses a shared reference.
//!
//! Because of the methods that take ownership, it is useful to be aware of the following:
//! - If `curve` is a curve, then `&curve` is also a curve with the same output. For convenience,
//! `&curve` can be written as `curve.by_ref()` for use in method chaining.
//! - However, `&curve` cannot outlive `curve`. In general, it is not `'static`.
//!
//! In other words, `&curve` can be used to perform temporary operations without consuming `curve` (for
//! example, to effectively pass `curve` into an API which expects an `impl Curve<T>`), but it *cannot*
//! be used in situations where persistence is necessary (e.g. when the curve itself must be stored
//! for later use).
//!
//! Here is a demonstration:
//! ```rust
//! # use bevy_math::prelude::*;
//! # let some_magic_constructor = || EasingCurve::new(0.0, 1.0, EaseFunction::ElasticInOut).graph();
//! //`my_curve` is obtained somehow. It is a `Curve<(f32, f32)>`.
//! let my_curve = some_magic_constructor();
//!
//! // Now, we want to sample a mapped version of `my_curve`.
//!
//! // let samples: Vec<f32> = my_curve.map(|(x, y)| y).samples(50).unwrap().collect();
//! // ^ This would work, but it would also invalidate `my_curve`, since `map` takes ownership.
//!
//! // Instead, we pass a borrowed version of `my_curve` to `map`. It lives long enough that we
//! // can extract samples:
//! let samples: Vec<f32> = my_curve.by_ref().map(|(x, y)| y).samples(50).unwrap().collect();
//!
//! // This way, we retain the ability to use `my_curve` later:
//! let new_curve = my_curve.map(|(x,y)| x + y);
//! ```
//!
//! [domain]: Curve::domain
//! [sampled]: Curve::sample
//! [changing parametrizations]: Curve::reparametrize
//! [mapping output]: Curve::map
//! [rasterization]: Curve::resample
//! [functions]: FunctionCurve
//! [sample interpolation]: SampleCurve
//! [splines]: crate::cubic_splines
//! [easings]: easing
//! [spline curves]: crate::cubic_splines
//! [easing curves]: easing
//! [`chain`]: Curve::chain
//! [`zip`]: Curve::zip
//! [`resample`]: Curve::resample
//!
//! [^footnote]: In fact, universal as well, in some sense: if `curve` is any curve, then `FunctionCurve::new
//! (curve.domain(), |t| curve.sample_unchecked(t))` is an equivalent function curve.
pub mod adaptors;
pub mod cores;
pub mod easing;
pub mod interval;
pub mod iterable;
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
pub mod sample_curves;
// bevy_math::curve re-exports all commonly-needed curve-related items.
pub use adaptors::*;
pub use easing::*;
pub use interval::{interval, Interval};
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
pub use {
crate::StableInterpolate,
cores::{EvenCore, UnevenCore},
itertools::Itertools,
sample_curves::*,
};
use crate::VectorSpace;
use core::{marker::PhantomData, ops::Deref};
use interval::InvalidIntervalError;
use thiserror::Error;
/// A trait for a type that can represent values of type `T` parametrized over a fixed interval.
///
/// Typical examples of this are actual geometric curves where `T: VectorSpace`, but other kinds
/// of output data can be represented as well. See the [module-level documentation] for details.
///
/// [module-level documentation]: self
pub trait Curve<T> {
/// The interval over which this curve is parametrized.
///
/// This is the range of values of `t` where we can sample the curve and receive valid output.
fn domain(&self) -> Interval;
/// Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value `t`, extracting the associated value.
/// This is the unchecked version of sampling, which should only be used if the sample time `t`
/// is already known to lie within the curve's domain.
///
/// Values sampled from outside of a curve's domain are generally considered invalid; data which
/// is nonsensical or otherwise useless may be returned in such a circumstance, and extrapolation
/// beyond a curve's domain should not be relied upon.
fn sample_unchecked(&self, t: f32) -> T;
/// Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value `t`, returning `None` if the point is
/// outside of the curve's domain.
fn sample(&self, t: f32) -> Option<T> {
match self.domain().contains(t) {
true => Some(self.sample_unchecked(t)),
false => None,
}
}
/// Sample a point on this curve at the parameter value `t`, clamping `t` to lie inside the
/// domain of the curve.
fn sample_clamped(&self, t: f32) -> T {
let t = self.domain().clamp(t);
self.sample_unchecked(t)
}
/// Sample a collection of `n >= 0` points on this curve at the parameter values `t_n`,
/// returning `None` if the point is outside of the curve's domain.
///
/// The samples are returned in the same order as the parameter values `t_n` were provided and
/// will include all results. This leaves the responsibility for things like filtering and
/// sorting to the user for maximum flexibility.
fn sample_iter(&self, iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Option<T>>
where
Self: Sized,
{
iter.into_iter().map(|t| self.sample(t))
}
/// Sample a collection of `n >= 0` points on this curve at the parameter values `t_n`,
/// extracting the associated values. This is the unchecked version of sampling, which should
/// only be used if the sample times `t_n` are already known to lie within the curve's domain.
///
/// Values sampled from outside of a curve's domain are generally considered invalid; data
/// which is nonsensical or otherwise useless may be returned in such a circumstance, and
/// extrapolation beyond a curve's domain should not be relied upon.
///
/// The samples are returned in the same order as the parameter values `t_n` were provided and
/// will include all results. This leaves the responsibility for things like filtering and
/// sorting to the user for maximum flexibility.
fn sample_iter_unchecked(&self, iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>) -> impl Iterator<Item = T>
where
Self: Sized,
{
iter.into_iter().map(|t| self.sample_unchecked(t))
}
/// Sample a collection of `n >= 0` points on this curve at the parameter values `t_n`,
/// clamping `t_n` to lie inside the domain of the curve.
///
/// The samples are returned in the same order as the parameter values `t_n` were provided and
/// will include all results. This leaves the responsibility for things like filtering and
/// sorting to the user for maximum flexibility.
fn sample_iter_clamped(&self, iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>) -> impl Iterator<Item = T>
where
Self: Sized,
{
iter.into_iter().map(|t| self.sample_clamped(t))
}
/// Create a new curve by mapping the values of this curve via a function `f`; i.e., if the
/// sample at time `t` for this curve is `x`, the value at time `t` on the new curve will be
/// `f(x)`.
#[must_use]
fn map<S, F>(self, f: F) -> MapCurve<T, S, Self, F>
where
Self: Sized,
F: Fn(T) -> S,
{
MapCurve {
preimage: self,
f,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] whose parameter space is related to the parameter space of this curve
/// by `f`. For each time `t`, the sample from the new curve at time `t` is the sample from
/// this curve at time `f(t)`. The given `domain` will be the domain of the new curve. The
/// function `f` is expected to take `domain` into `self.domain()`.
///
/// Note that this is the opposite of what one might expect intuitively; for example, if this
/// curve has a parameter domain of `[0, 1]`, then stretching the parameter domain to
/// `[0, 2]` would be performed as follows, dividing by what might be perceived as the scaling
/// factor rather than multiplying:
/// ```
/// # use bevy_math::curve::*;
/// let my_curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, 1.0);
/// let scaled_curve = my_curve.reparametrize(interval(0.0, 2.0).unwrap(), |t| t / 2.0);
/// ```
/// This kind of linear remapping is provided by the convenience method
/// [`Curve::reparametrize_linear`], which requires only the desired domain for the new curve.
///
/// # Examples
/// ```
/// // Reverse a curve:
/// # use bevy_math::curve::*;
/// # use bevy_math::vec2;
/// let my_curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, 1.0);
/// let domain = my_curve.domain();
/// let reversed_curve = my_curve.reparametrize(domain, |t| domain.end() - (t - domain.start()));
///
/// // Take a segment of a curve:
/// # let my_curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, 1.0);
/// let curve_segment = my_curve.reparametrize(interval(0.0, 0.5).unwrap(), |t| 0.5 + t);
/// ```
#[must_use]
fn reparametrize<F>(self, domain: Interval, f: F) -> ReparamCurve<T, Self, F>
where
Self: Sized,
F: Fn(f32) -> f32,
{
ReparamCurve {
domain,
base: self,
f,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Linearly reparametrize this [`Curve`], producing a new curve whose domain is the given
/// `domain` instead of the current one. This operation is only valid for curves with bounded
/// domains; if either this curve's domain or the given `domain` is unbounded, an error is
/// returned.
fn reparametrize_linear(
self,
domain: Interval,
) -> Result<LinearReparamCurve<T, Self>, LinearReparamError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
if !self.domain().is_bounded() {
return Err(LinearReparamError::SourceCurveUnbounded);
}
if !domain.is_bounded() {
return Err(LinearReparamError::TargetIntervalUnbounded);
}
Ok(LinearReparamCurve {
base: self,
new_domain: domain,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
}
/// Reparametrize this [`Curve`] by sampling from another curve.
///
/// The resulting curve samples at time `t` by first sampling `other` at time `t`, which produces
/// another sample time `s` which is then used to sample this curve. The domain of the resulting
/// curve is the domain of `other`.
#[must_use]
fn reparametrize_by_curve<C>(self, other: C) -> CurveReparamCurve<T, Self, C>
where
Self: Sized,
C: Curve<f32>,
{
CurveReparamCurve {
base: self,
reparam_curve: other,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] which is the graph of this one; that is, its output echoes the sample
/// time as part of a tuple.
///
/// For example, if this curve outputs `x` at time `t`, then the produced curve will produce
/// `(t, x)` at time `t`. In particular, if this curve is a `Curve<T>`, the output of this method
/// is a `Curve<(f32, T)>`.
#[must_use]
fn graph(self) -> GraphCurve<T, Self>
where
Self: Sized,
{
GraphCurve {
base: self,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] by zipping this curve together with another.
///
/// The sample at time `t` in the new curve is `(x, y)`, where `x` is the sample of `self` at
/// time `t` and `y` is the sample of `other` at time `t`. The domain of the new curve is the
/// intersection of the domains of its constituents. If the domain intersection would be empty,
/// an error is returned.
fn zip<S, C>(self, other: C) -> Result<ZipCurve<T, S, Self, C>, InvalidIntervalError>
where
Self: Sized,
C: Curve<S> + Sized,
{
let domain = self.domain().intersect(other.domain())?;
Ok(ZipCurve {
domain,
first: self,
second: other,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] by composing this curve end-to-start with another, producing another curve
/// with outputs of the same type. The domain of the other curve is translated so that its start
/// coincides with where this curve ends.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// A [`ChainError`] is returned if this curve's domain doesn't have a finite end or if
/// `other`'s domain doesn't have a finite start.
fn chain<C>(self, other: C) -> Result<ChainCurve<T, Self, C>, ChainError>
where
Self: Sized,
C: Curve<T>,
{
if !self.domain().has_finite_end() {
return Err(ChainError::FirstEndInfinite);
}
if !other.domain().has_finite_start() {
return Err(ChainError::SecondStartInfinite);
}
Ok(ChainCurve {
first: self,
second: other,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] inverting this curve on the x-axis, producing another curve with
/// outputs of the same type, effectively playing backwards starting at `self.domain().end()`
/// and transitioning over to `self.domain().start()`. The domain of the new curve is still the
/// same.
///
/// # Error
///
/// A [`ReverseError`] is returned if this curve's domain isn't bounded.
fn reverse(self) -> Result<ReverseCurve<T, Self>, ReverseError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
self.domain()
.is_bounded()
.then(|| ReverseCurve {
curve: self,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
.ok_or(ReverseError::SourceDomainEndInfinite)
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] repeating this curve `N` times, producing another curve with outputs
/// of the same type. The domain of the new curve will be bigger by a factor of `n + 1`.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - this doesn't guarantee a smooth transition from one occurrence of the curve to its next
/// iteration. The curve will make a jump if `self.domain().start() != self.domain().end()`!
/// - for `count == 0` the output of this adaptor is basically identical to the previous curve
/// - the value at the transitioning points (`domain.end() * n` for `n >= 1`) in the results is the
/// value at `domain.end()` in the original curve
///
/// # Error
///
/// A [`RepeatError`] is returned if this curve's domain isn't bounded.
fn repeat(self, count: usize) -> Result<RepeatCurve<T, Self>, RepeatError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
self.domain()
.is_bounded()
.then(|| {
// This unwrap always succeeds because `curve` has a valid Interval as its domain and the
// length of `curve` cannot be NAN. It's still fine if it's infinity.
let domain = Interval::new(
self.domain().start(),
self.domain().end() + self.domain().length() * count as f32,
)
.unwrap();
RepeatCurve {
domain,
curve: self,
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
})
.ok_or(RepeatError::SourceDomainUnbounded)
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] repeating this curve forever, producing another curve with
/// outputs of the same type. The domain of the new curve will be unbounded.
///
/// # Notes
///
/// - this doesn't guarantee a smooth transition from one occurrence of the curve to its next
/// iteration. The curve will make a jump if `self.domain().start() != self.domain().end()`!
/// - the value at the transitioning points (`domain.end() * n` for `n >= 1`) in the results is the
/// value at `domain.end()` in the original curve
///
/// # Error
///
/// A [`RepeatError`] is returned if this curve's domain isn't bounded.
fn forever(self) -> Result<ForeverCurve<T, Self>, RepeatError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
self.domain()
.is_bounded()
.then(|| ForeverCurve {
curve: self,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
.ok_or(RepeatError::SourceDomainUnbounded)
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] chaining the original curve with its inverse, producing
/// another curve with outputs of the same type. The domain of the new curve will be twice as
/// long. The transition point is guaranteed to not make any jumps.
///
/// # Error
///
/// A [`PingPongError`] is returned if this curve's domain isn't right-finite.
fn ping_pong(self) -> Result<PingPongCurve<T, Self>, PingPongError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
self.domain()
.has_finite_end()
.then(|| PingPongCurve {
curve: self,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
.ok_or(PingPongError::SourceDomainEndInfinite)
}
/// Create a new [`Curve`] by composing this curve end-to-start with another, producing another
/// curve with outputs of the same type. The domain of the other curve is translated so that
/// its start coincides with where this curve ends.
///
///
/// Additionally the transition of the samples is guaranteed to make no sudden jumps. This is
/// useful if you really just know about the shapes of your curves and don't want to deal with
/// stitching them together properly when it would just introduce useless complexity. It is
/// realized by translating the other curve so that its start sample point coincides with the
/// current curves' end sample point.
///
/// # Error
///
/// A [`ChainError`] is returned if this curve's domain doesn't have a finite end or if
/// `other`'s domain doesn't have a finite start.
fn chain_continue<C>(self, other: C) -> Result<ContinuationCurve<T, Self, C>, ChainError>
where
Self: Sized,
T: VectorSpace,
C: Curve<T>,
{
if !self.domain().has_finite_end() {
return Err(ChainError::FirstEndInfinite);
}
if !other.domain().has_finite_start() {
return Err(ChainError::SecondStartInfinite);
}
let offset = self.sample_unchecked(self.domain().end())
- other.sample_unchecked(self.domain().start());
Ok(ContinuationCurve {
first: self,
second: other,
offset,
_phantom: PhantomData,
})
}
/// Resample this [`Curve`] to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over equally
/// spaced sample values, using the provided `interpolation` to interpolate between adjacent samples.
/// The curve is interpolated on `segments` segments between samples. For example, if `segments` is 1,
/// only the start and end points of the curve are used as samples; if `segments` is 2, a sample at
/// the midpoint is taken as well, and so on. If `segments` is zero, or if this curve has an unbounded
/// domain, then a [`ResamplingError`] is returned.
///
/// The interpolation takes two values by reference together with a scalar parameter and
/// produces an owned value. The expectation is that `interpolation(&x, &y, 0.0)` and
/// `interpolation(&x, &y, 1.0)` are equivalent to `x` and `y` respectively.
///
/// # Example
/// ```
/// # use bevy_math::*;
/// # use bevy_math::curve::*;
/// let quarter_rotation = FunctionCurve::new(interval(0.0, 90.0).unwrap(), |t| Rot2::degrees(t));
/// // A curve which only stores three data points and uses `nlerp` to interpolate them:
/// let resampled_rotation = quarter_rotation.resample(3, |x, y, t| x.nlerp(*y, t));
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn resample<I>(
&self,
segments: usize,
interpolation: I,
) -> Result<SampleCurve<T, I>, ResamplingError>
where
Self: Sized,
I: Fn(&T, &T, f32) -> T,
{
let samples = self.samples(segments + 1)?.collect_vec();
Ok(SampleCurve {
core: EvenCore {
domain: self.domain(),
samples,
},
interpolation,
})
}
/// Resample this [`Curve`] to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over equally
/// spaced sample values, using [automatic interpolation] to interpolate between adjacent samples.
/// The curve is interpolated on `segments` segments between samples. For example, if `segments` is 1,
/// only the start and end points of the curve are used as samples; if `segments` is 2, a sample at
/// the midpoint is taken as well, and so on. If `segments` is zero, or if this curve has an unbounded
/// domain, then a [`ResamplingError`] is returned.
///
/// [automatic interpolation]: crate::common_traits::StableInterpolate
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn resample_auto(&self, segments: usize) -> Result<SampleAutoCurve<T>, ResamplingError>
where
Self: Sized,
T: StableInterpolate,
{
let samples = self.samples(segments + 1)?.collect_vec();
Ok(SampleAutoCurve {
core: EvenCore {
domain: self.domain(),
samples,
},
})
}
/// Extract an iterator over evenly-spaced samples from this curve. If `samples` is less than 2
/// or if this curve has unbounded domain, then an error is returned instead.
fn samples(&self, samples: usize) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = T>, ResamplingError>
where
Self: Sized,
{
if samples < 2 {
return Err(ResamplingError::NotEnoughSamples(samples));
}
if !self.domain().is_bounded() {
return Err(ResamplingError::UnboundedDomain);
}
// Unwrap on `spaced_points` always succeeds because its error conditions are handled
// above.
Ok(self
.domain()
.spaced_points(samples)
.unwrap()
.map(|t| self.sample_unchecked(t)))
}
/// Resample this [`Curve`] to produce a new one that is defined by interpolation over samples
/// taken at a given set of times. The given `interpolation` is used to interpolate adjacent
/// samples, and the `sample_times` are expected to contain at least two valid times within the
/// curve's domain interval.
///
/// Redundant sample times, non-finite sample times, and sample times outside of the domain
/// are simply filtered out. With an insufficient quantity of data, a [`ResamplingError`] is
/// returned.
///
/// The domain of the produced curve stretches between the first and last sample times of the
/// iterator.
///
/// The interpolation takes two values by reference together with a scalar parameter and
/// produces an owned value. The expectation is that `interpolation(&x, &y, 0.0)` and
/// `interpolation(&x, &y, 1.0)` are equivalent to `x` and `y` respectively.
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn resample_uneven<I>(
&self,
sample_times: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>,
interpolation: I,
) -> Result<UnevenSampleCurve<T, I>, ResamplingError>
where
Self: Sized,
I: Fn(&T, &T, f32) -> T,
{
let domain = self.domain();
let mut times = sample_times
.into_iter()
.filter(|t| t.is_finite() && domain.contains(*t))
.collect_vec();
times.sort_by(f32::total_cmp);
times.dedup();
if times.len() < 2 {
return Err(ResamplingError::NotEnoughSamples(times.len()));
}
let samples = times.iter().map(|t| self.sample_unchecked(*t)).collect();
Ok(UnevenSampleCurve {
core: UnevenCore { times, samples },
interpolation,
})
}
/// Resample this [`Curve`] to produce a new one that is defined by [automatic interpolation] over
/// samples taken at the given set of times. The given `sample_times` are expected to contain at least
/// two valid times within the curve's domain interval.
///
/// Redundant sample times, non-finite sample times, and sample times outside of the domain
/// are simply filtered out. With an insufficient quantity of data, a [`ResamplingError`] is
/// returned.
///
/// The domain of the produced [`UnevenSampleAutoCurve`] stretches between the first and last
/// sample times of the iterator.
///
/// [automatic interpolation]: crate::common_traits::StableInterpolate
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn resample_uneven_auto(
&self,
sample_times: impl IntoIterator<Item = f32>,
) -> Result<UnevenSampleAutoCurve<T>, ResamplingError>
where
Self: Sized,
T: StableInterpolate,
{
let domain = self.domain();
let mut times = sample_times
.into_iter()
.filter(|t| t.is_finite() && domain.contains(*t))
.collect_vec();
times.sort_by(f32::total_cmp);
times.dedup();
if times.len() < 2 {
return Err(ResamplingError::NotEnoughSamples(times.len()));
}
let samples = times.iter().map(|t| self.sample_unchecked(*t)).collect();
Ok(UnevenSampleAutoCurve {
core: UnevenCore { times, samples },
})
}
/// Borrow this curve rather than taking ownership of it. This is essentially an alias for a
/// prefix `&`; the point is that intermediate operations can be performed while retaining
/// access to the original curve.
///
/// # Example
/// ```
/// # use bevy_math::curve::*;
/// let my_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| t * t + 1.0);
///
/// // Borrow `my_curve` long enough to resample a mapped version. Note that `map` takes
/// // ownership of its input.
/// let samples = my_curve.by_ref().map(|x| x * 2.0).resample_auto(100).unwrap();
///
/// // Do something else with `my_curve` since we retained ownership:
/// let new_curve = my_curve.reparametrize_linear(interval(-1.0, 1.0).unwrap()).unwrap();
/// ```
fn by_ref(&self) -> &Self
where
Self: Sized,
{
self
}
/// Flip this curve so that its tuple output is arranged the other way.
#[must_use]
fn flip<U, V>(self) -> impl Curve<(V, U)>
where
Self: Sized + Curve<(U, V)>,
{
self.map(|(u, v)| (v, u))
}
}
impl<T, C, D> Curve<T> for D
where
C: Curve<T> + ?Sized,
D: Deref<Target = C>,
{
fn domain(&self) -> Interval {
<C as Curve<T>>::domain(self)
}
fn sample_unchecked(&self, t: f32) -> T {
<C as Curve<T>>::sample_unchecked(self, t)
}
}
/// An error indicating that a linear reparameterization couldn't be performed because of
/// malformed inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not build a linear function to reparametrize this curve")]
pub enum LinearReparamError {
/// The source curve that was to be reparametrized had unbounded domain.
#[error("This curve has unbounded domain")]
SourceCurveUnbounded,
/// The target interval for reparameterization was unbounded.
#[error("The target interval for reparameterization is unbounded")]
TargetIntervalUnbounded,
}
/// An error indicating that a reversion of a curve couldn't be performed because of
/// malformed inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not reverse this curve")]
pub enum ReverseError {
/// The source curve that was to be reversed had unbounded domain end.
#[error("This curve has an unbounded domain end")]
SourceDomainEndInfinite,
}
/// An error indicating that a repetition of a curve couldn't be performed because of malformed
/// inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not repeat this curve")]
pub enum RepeatError {
/// The source curve that was to be repeated had unbounded domain.
#[error("This curve has an unbounded domain")]
SourceDomainUnbounded,
}
/// An error indicating that a ping ponging of a curve couldn't be performed because of
/// malformed inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not ping pong this curve")]
pub enum PingPongError {
/// The source curve that was to be ping ponged had unbounded domain end.
#[error("This curve has an unbounded domain end")]
SourceDomainEndInfinite,
}
/// An error indicating that an end-to-end composition couldn't be performed because of
/// malformed inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not compose these curves together")]
pub enum ChainError {
/// The right endpoint of the first curve was infinite.
#[error("The first curve's domain has an infinite end")]
FirstEndInfinite,
/// The left endpoint of the second curve was infinite.
#[error("The second curve's domain has an infinite start")]
SecondStartInfinite,
}
/// An error indicating that a resampling operation could not be performed because of
/// malformed inputs.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("Could not resample from this curve because of bad inputs")]
pub enum ResamplingError {
/// This resampling operation was not provided with enough samples to have well-formed output.
#[error("Not enough unique samples to construct resampled curve")]
NotEnoughSamples(usize),
/// This resampling operation failed because of an unbounded interval.
#[error("Could not resample because this curve has unbounded domain")]
UnboundedDomain,
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::{ops, Quat};
use approx::{assert_abs_diff_eq, AbsDiffEq};
use core::f32::consts::TAU;
use glam::*;
#[test]
fn curve_can_be_made_into_an_object() {
let curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, 42.0);
let curve: &dyn Curve<f64> = &curve;
assert_eq!(curve.sample(1.0), Some(42.0));
assert_eq!(curve.sample(2.0), None);
}
#[test]
fn constant_curves() {
let curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, 5.0);
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(-35.0) == 5.0);
let curve = ConstantCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, true);
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(2.0));
assert!(curve.sample(2.0).is_none());
}
#[test]
fn function_curves() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, |t| t * t);
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(2.0).abs_diff_eq(&4.0, f32::EPSILON));
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(-3.0).abs_diff_eq(&9.0, f32::EPSILON));
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(0.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap(), ops::log2);
assert_eq!(curve.sample_unchecked(3.5), ops::log2(3.5));
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(-1.0).is_nan());
assert!(curve.sample(-1.0).is_none());
}
#[test]
fn linear_curve() {
let start = Vec2::ZERO;
let end = Vec2::new(1.0, 2.0);
let curve = EasingCurve::new(start, end, EaseFunction::Linear);
let mid = (start + end) / 2.0;
[(0.0, start), (0.5, mid), (1.0, end)]
.into_iter()
.for_each(|(t, x)| {
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(t).abs_diff_eq(x, f32::EPSILON));
});
}
#[test]
fn easing_curves_step() {
let start = Vec2::ZERO;
let end = Vec2::new(1.0, 2.0);
let curve = EasingCurve::new(start, end, EaseFunction::Steps(4));
[
(0.0, start),
(0.124, start),
(0.125, Vec2::new(0.25, 0.5)),
(0.374, Vec2::new(0.25, 0.5)),
(0.375, Vec2::new(0.5, 1.0)),
(0.624, Vec2::new(0.5, 1.0)),
(0.625, Vec2::new(0.75, 1.5)),
(0.874, Vec2::new(0.75, 1.5)),
(0.875, end),
(1.0, end),
]
.into_iter()
.for_each(|(t, x)| {
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(t).abs_diff_eq(x, f32::EPSILON));
});
}
#[test]
fn easing_curves_quadratic() {
let start = Vec2::ZERO;
let end = Vec2::new(1.0, 2.0);
let curve = EasingCurve::new(start, end, EaseFunction::QuadraticIn);
[
(0.0, start),
(0.25, Vec2::new(0.0625, 0.125)),
(0.5, Vec2::new(0.25, 0.5)),
(1.0, end),
]
.into_iter()
.for_each(|(t, x)| {
assert!(curve.sample_unchecked(t).abs_diff_eq(x, f32::EPSILON),);
});
}
#[test]
fn mapping() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let mapped_curve = curve.map(|x| x / 7.0);
assert_eq!(mapped_curve.sample_unchecked(3.5), (3.5 * 3.0 + 1.0) / 7.0);
assert_eq!(
mapped_curve.sample_unchecked(-1.0),
(-1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0) / 7.0
);
assert_eq!(mapped_curve.domain(), Interval::EVERYWHERE);
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, |t| t * TAU);
let mapped_curve = curve.map(Quat::from_rotation_z);
assert_eq!(mapped_curve.sample_unchecked(0.0), Quat::IDENTITY);
assert!(mapped_curve.sample_unchecked(1.0).is_near_identity());
assert_eq!(mapped_curve.domain(), Interval::UNIT);
}
#[test]
fn reverse() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let rev_curve = curve.reverse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(-0.1), None);
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(0.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(0.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(1.0), Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(1.1), None);
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(-2.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let rev_curve = curve.reverse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(-2.1), None);
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(-2.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(-0.5), Some(-0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(1.0), Some(-2.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(rev_curve.sample(1.1), None);
}
#[test]
fn repeat() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let repeat_curve = curve.by_ref().repeat(1).unwrap();
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(-0.1), None);
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(0.0), Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(0.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(0.99), Some(0.99 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(1.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(1.01), Some(0.01 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(1.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(1.99), Some(0.99 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(2.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(2.01), None);
let repeat_curve = curve.by_ref().repeat(3).unwrap();
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(2.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(3.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(4.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(5.0), None);
let repeat_curve = curve.by_ref().forever().unwrap();
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(-1.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(2.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(3.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(4.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(repeat_curve.sample(5.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
}
#[test]
fn ping_pong() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let ping_pong_curve = curve.ping_pong().unwrap();
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(-0.1), None);
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(0.0), Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(0.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(1.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(1.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(2.0), Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(2.1), None);
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(-2.0, 2.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let ping_pong_curve = curve.ping_pong().unwrap();
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(-2.1), None);
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(-2.0), Some(-2.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(-0.5), Some(-0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(2.0), Some(2.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(4.5), Some(-0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(6.0), Some(-2.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(ping_pong_curve.sample(6.1), None);
}
#[test]
fn continue_chain() {
let first = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let second = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * t);
let c0_chain_curve = first.chain_continue(second).unwrap();
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(-0.1), None);
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(0.0), Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(0.5), Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(1.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(1.5), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0 + 0.25));
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(2.0), Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(c0_chain_curve.sample(2.1), None);
}
#[test]
fn reparameterization() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(1.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap(), ops::log2);
let reparametrized_curve = curve
.by_ref()
.reparametrize(interval(0.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap(), ops::exp2);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(reparametrized_curve.sample_unchecked(3.5), 3.5);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(reparametrized_curve.sample_unchecked(100.0), 100.0);
assert_eq!(
reparametrized_curve.domain(),
interval(0.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap()
);
let reparametrized_curve = curve.by_ref().reparametrize(Interval::UNIT, |t| t + 1.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(reparametrized_curve.sample_unchecked(0.0), 0.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(reparametrized_curve.sample_unchecked(1.0), 1.0);
assert_eq!(reparametrized_curve.domain(), Interval::UNIT);
}
#[test]
fn multiple_maps() {
// Make sure these actually happen in the right order.
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, ops::exp2);
let first_mapped = curve.map(ops::log2);
let second_mapped = first_mapped.map(|x| x * -2.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_mapped.sample_unchecked(0.0), 0.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_mapped.sample_unchecked(0.5), -1.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_mapped.sample_unchecked(1.0), -2.0);
}
#[test]
fn multiple_reparams() {
// Make sure these happen in the right order too.
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::UNIT, ops::exp2);
let first_reparam = curve.reparametrize(interval(1.0, 2.0).unwrap(), ops::log2);
let second_reparam = first_reparam.reparametrize(Interval::UNIT, |t| t + 1.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_reparam.sample_unchecked(0.0), 1.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_reparam.sample_unchecked(0.5), 1.5);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(second_reparam.sample_unchecked(1.0), 2.0);
}
#[test]
fn resampling() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(1.0, 4.0).unwrap(), ops::log2);
// Need at least one segment to sample.
let nice_try = curve.by_ref().resample_auto(0);
assert!(nice_try.is_err());
// The values of a resampled curve should be very close at the sample points.
// Because of denominators, it's not literally equal.
// (This is a tradeoff against O(1) sampling.)
let resampled_curve = curve.by_ref().resample_auto(100).unwrap();
for test_pt in curve.domain().spaced_points(101).unwrap() {
let expected = curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(
resampled_curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt),
expected,
epsilon = 1e-6
);
}
// Another example.
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(0.0, TAU).unwrap(), ops::cos);
let resampled_curve = curve.by_ref().resample_auto(1000).unwrap();
for test_pt in curve.domain().spaced_points(1001).unwrap() {
let expected = curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(
resampled_curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt),
expected,
epsilon = 1e-6
);
}
}
#[test]
fn uneven_resampling() {
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(0.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap(), ops::exp);
// Need at least two points to resample.
let nice_try = curve.by_ref().resample_uneven_auto([1.0; 1]);
assert!(nice_try.is_err());
// Uneven sampling should produce literal equality at the sample points.
// (This is part of what you get in exchange for O(log(n)) sampling.)
let sample_points = (0..100).map(|idx| idx as f32 * 0.1);
let resampled_curve = curve.by_ref().resample_uneven_auto(sample_points).unwrap();
for idx in 0..100 {
let test_pt = idx as f32 * 0.1;
let expected = curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt);
assert_eq!(resampled_curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt), expected);
}
assert_abs_diff_eq!(resampled_curve.domain().start(), 0.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(resampled_curve.domain().end(), 9.9, epsilon = 1e-6);
// Another example.
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(interval(1.0, f32::INFINITY).unwrap(), ops::log2);
let sample_points = (0..10).map(|idx| ops::exp2(idx as f32));
let resampled_curve = curve.by_ref().resample_uneven_auto(sample_points).unwrap();
for idx in 0..10 {
let test_pt = ops::exp2(idx as f32);
let expected = curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt);
assert_eq!(resampled_curve.sample_unchecked(test_pt), expected);
}
assert_abs_diff_eq!(resampled_curve.domain().start(), 1.0);
assert_abs_diff_eq!(resampled_curve.domain().end(), 512.0);
}
#[test]
fn sample_iterators() {
let times = [-0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5];
let curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::EVERYWHERE, |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let samples = curve.sample_iter_unchecked(times).collect::<Vec<_>>();
let [y0, y1, y2, y3, y4] = samples.try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(y0, -0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y1, 0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y2, 0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y3, 1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y4, 1.5 * 3.0 + 1.0);
let finite_curve = FunctionCurve::new(Interval::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap(), |t| t * 3.0 + 1.0);
let samples = finite_curve.sample_iter(times).collect::<Vec<_>>();
let [y0, y1, y2, y3, y4] = samples.try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(y0, None);
assert_eq!(y1, Some(0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(y2, Some(0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(y3, Some(1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0));
assert_eq!(y4, None);
let samples = finite_curve.sample_iter_clamped(times).collect::<Vec<_>>();
let [y0, y1, y2, y3, y4] = samples.try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(y0, 0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y1, 0.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y2, 0.5 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y3, 1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
assert_eq!(y4, 1.0 * 3.0 + 1.0);
}
}