bevy/crates/bevy_math
Aevyrie 2ea0061018 Add generic cubic splines to bevy_math (#7683)
# Objective

- Make cubic splines more flexible and more performant
- Remove the existing spline implementation that is generic over many degrees
  - This is a potential performance footgun and adds type complexity for negligible gain.
- Add implementations of:
  - Bezier splines
  - Cardinal splines (inc. Catmull-Rom)
  - B-Splines
  - Hermite splines

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2632925/221780519-495d1b20-ab46-45b4-92a3-32c46da66034.mp4


https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2632925/221780524-2b154016-699f-404f-9c18-02092f589b04.mp4


https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2632925/221780525-f934f99d-9ad4-4999-bae2-75d675f5644f.mp4


## Solution

- Implements the concept that splines are curve generators (e.g. https://youtu.be/jvPPXbo87ds?t=3488) via the `CubicGenerator` trait.
- Common splines are bespoke data types that implement this trait. This gives us flexibility to add custom spline-specific methods on these types, while ultimately all generating a `CubicCurve`.
- All splines generate `CubicCurve`s, which are a chain of precomputed polynomial coefficients. This means that all splines have the same evaluation cost, as the calculations for determining position, velocity, and acceleration are all identical. In addition, `CubicCurve`s are simply a list of `CubicSegment`s, which are evaluated from t=0 to t=1. This also means cubic splines of different type can be chained together, as ultimately they all are simply a collection of `CubicSegment`s.
- Because easing is an operation on a singe segment of a Bezier curve, we can simply implement easing on `Beziers` that use the `Vec2` type for points. Higher level crates such as `bevy_ui` can wrap this in a more ergonomic interface as needed.

### Performance
Measured on a desktop i5 8600K (6-year-old CPU):
- easing: 2.7x faster (19ns)
- cubic vec2 position sample: 1.5x faster (1.8ns)
- cubic vec3 position sample: 1.5x faster (2.6ns)
- cubic vec3a position sample: 1.9x faster (1.4ns)

On a laptop i7 11800H:
- easing: 16ns
- cubic vec2 position sample: 1.6ns
- cubic vec3 position sample: 2.3ns
- cubic vec3a position sample: 1.2ns

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## Changelog

- Added a generic cubic curve trait, and implementation for Cardinal splines (including Catmull-Rom), B-Splines, Beziers, and Hermite Splines. 2D cubic curve segments also implement easing functionality for animation.
2023-03-03 22:06:42 +00:00
..
src Add generic cubic splines to bevy_math (#7683) 2023-03-03 22:06:42 +00:00
Cargo.toml Release 0.9.0 (#6568) 2022-11-12 20:01:29 +00:00