use std::fmt::Debug;

use bevy_utils::{
    petgraph::{graphmap::NodeTrait, prelude::*},
    HashMap, HashSet,
};
use fixedbitset::FixedBitSet;

use crate::schedule_v3::set::*;

/// Unique identifier for a system or system set.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub(crate) enum NodeId {
    System(usize),
    Set(usize),
}

impl NodeId {
    /// Returns the internal integer value.
    pub fn index(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            NodeId::System(index) | NodeId::Set(index) => *index,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the identified node is a system.
    pub const fn is_system(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, NodeId::System(_))
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the identified node is a system set.
    pub const fn is_set(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, NodeId::Set(_))
    }
}

/// Specifies what kind of edge should be added to the dependency graph.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub(crate) enum DependencyKind {
    /// A node that should be preceded.
    Before,
    /// A node that should be succeeded.
    After,
}

/// An edge to be added to the dependency graph.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub(crate) struct Dependency {
    pub(crate) kind: DependencyKind,
    pub(crate) set: BoxedSystemSet,
}

impl Dependency {
    pub fn new(kind: DependencyKind, set: BoxedSystemSet) -> Self {
        Self { kind, set }
    }
}

/// Configures ambiguity detection for a single system.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub(crate) enum Ambiguity {
    #[default]
    Check,
    /// Ignore warnings with systems in any of these system sets. May contain duplicates.
    IgnoreWithSet(Vec<BoxedSystemSet>),
    /// Ignore all warnings.
    IgnoreAll,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub(crate) struct GraphInfo {
    pub(crate) sets: Vec<BoxedSystemSet>,
    pub(crate) dependencies: Vec<Dependency>,
    pub(crate) ambiguous_with: Ambiguity,
    pub(crate) add_default_base_set: bool,
    pub(crate) base_set: Option<BoxedSystemSet>,
}

impl Default for GraphInfo {
    fn default() -> Self {
        GraphInfo {
            sets: Vec::new(),
            base_set: None,
            dependencies: Vec::new(),
            ambiguous_with: Ambiguity::default(),
            add_default_base_set: true,
        }
    }
}

impl GraphInfo {
    pub(crate) fn system() -> GraphInfo {
        GraphInfo {
            // systems get the default base set automatically
            add_default_base_set: true,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn system_set() -> GraphInfo {
        GraphInfo {
            // sets do not get the default base set automatically
            add_default_base_set: false,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    #[track_caller]
    pub(crate) fn set_base_set(&mut self, set: BoxedSystemSet) {
        if let Some(current) = &self.base_set {
            panic!(
                "Cannot set the base set because base set {current:?} has already been configured."
            );
        } else {
            self.base_set = Some(set);
        }
    }
}

/// Converts 2D row-major pair of indices into a 1D array index.
pub(crate) fn index(row: usize, col: usize, num_cols: usize) -> usize {
    debug_assert!(col < num_cols);
    (row * num_cols) + col
}

/// Converts a 1D array index into a 2D row-major pair of indices.
pub(crate) fn row_col(index: usize, num_cols: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
    (index / num_cols, index % num_cols)
}

/// Stores the results of the graph analysis.
pub(crate) struct CheckGraphResults<V> {
    /// Boolean reachability matrix for the graph.
    pub(crate) reachable: FixedBitSet,
    /// Pairs of nodes that have a path connecting them.
    pub(crate) connected: HashSet<(V, V)>,
    /// Pairs of nodes that don't have a path connecting them.
    pub(crate) disconnected: HashSet<(V, V)>,
    /// Edges that are redundant because a longer path exists.
    pub(crate) transitive_edges: Vec<(V, V)>,
    /// Variant of the graph with no transitive edges.
    pub(crate) transitive_reduction: DiGraphMap<V, ()>,
    /// Variant of the graph with all possible transitive edges.
    // TODO: this will very likely be used by "if-needed" ordering
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub(crate) transitive_closure: DiGraphMap<V, ()>,
}

impl<V: NodeTrait + Debug> Default for CheckGraphResults<V> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            reachable: FixedBitSet::new(),
            connected: HashSet::new(),
            disconnected: HashSet::new(),
            transitive_edges: Vec::new(),
            transitive_reduction: DiGraphMap::new(),
            transitive_closure: DiGraphMap::new(),
        }
    }
}

/// Processes a DAG and computes its:
/// - transitive reduction (along with the set of removed edges)
/// - transitive closure
/// - reachability matrix (as a bitset)
/// - pairs of nodes connected by a path
/// - pairs of nodes not connected by a path
///
/// The algorithm implemented comes from
/// ["On the calculation of transitive reduction-closure of orders"][1] by Habib, Morvan and Rampon.
///
/// [1]: https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(93)90164-O
pub(crate) fn check_graph<V>(
    graph: &DiGraphMap<V, ()>,
    topological_order: &[V],
) -> CheckGraphResults<V>
where
    V: NodeTrait + Debug,
{
    if graph.node_count() == 0 {
        return CheckGraphResults::default();
    }

    let n = graph.node_count();

    // build a copy of the graph where the nodes and edges appear in topsorted order
    let mut map = HashMap::with_capacity(n);
    let mut topsorted = DiGraphMap::<V, ()>::new();
    // iterate nodes in topological order
    for (i, &node) in topological_order.iter().enumerate() {
        map.insert(node, i);
        topsorted.add_node(node);
        // insert nodes as successors to their predecessors
        for pred in graph.neighbors_directed(node, Direction::Incoming) {
            topsorted.add_edge(pred, node, ());
        }
    }

    let mut reachable = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(n * n);
    let mut connected = HashSet::new();
    let mut disconnected = HashSet::new();

    let mut transitive_edges = Vec::new();
    let mut transitive_reduction = DiGraphMap::<V, ()>::new();
    let mut transitive_closure = DiGraphMap::<V, ()>::new();

    let mut visited = FixedBitSet::with_capacity(n);

    // iterate nodes in topological order
    for node in topsorted.nodes() {
        transitive_reduction.add_node(node);
        transitive_closure.add_node(node);
    }

    // iterate nodes in reverse topological order
    for a in topsorted.nodes().rev() {
        let index_a = *map.get(&a).unwrap();
        // iterate their successors in topological order
        for b in topsorted.neighbors_directed(a, Direction::Outgoing) {
            let index_b = *map.get(&b).unwrap();
            debug_assert!(index_a < index_b);
            if !visited[index_b] {
                // edge <a, b> is not redundant
                transitive_reduction.add_edge(a, b, ());
                transitive_closure.add_edge(a, b, ());
                reachable.insert(index(index_a, index_b, n));

                let successors = transitive_closure
                    .neighbors_directed(b, Direction::Outgoing)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                for c in successors {
                    let index_c = *map.get(&c).unwrap();
                    debug_assert!(index_b < index_c);
                    if !visited[index_c] {
                        visited.insert(index_c);
                        transitive_closure.add_edge(a, c, ());
                        reachable.insert(index(index_a, index_c, n));
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // edge <a, b> is redundant
                transitive_edges.push((a, b));
            }
        }

        visited.clear();
    }

    // partition pairs of nodes into "connected by path" and "not connected by path"
    for i in 0..(n - 1) {
        // reachable is upper triangular because the nodes were topsorted
        for index in index(i, i + 1, n)..=index(i, n - 1, n) {
            let (a, b) = row_col(index, n);
            let pair = (topological_order[a], topological_order[b]);
            if reachable[index] {
                connected.insert(pair);
            } else {
                disconnected.insert(pair);
            }
        }
    }

    // fill diagonal (nodes reach themselves)
    // for i in 0..n {
    //     reachable.set(index(i, i, n), true);
    // }

    CheckGraphResults {
        reachable,
        connected,
        disconnected,
        transitive_edges,
        transitive_reduction,
        transitive_closure,
    }
}