use bevy::{
    core_pipeline::{
        draw_3d_graph, node, AlphaMask3d, Opaque3d, RenderTargetClearColors, Transparent3d,
    },
    prelude::*,
    reflect::TypeUuid,
    render::{
        camera::{ActiveCameras, Camera, ExtractedCameraNames, RenderTarget},
        render_graph::{NodeRunError, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, SlotValue},
        render_phase::RenderPhase,
        render_resource::{
            Extent3d, TextureDescriptor, TextureDimension, TextureFormat, TextureUsages,
        },
        renderer::RenderContext,
        view::RenderLayers,
        RenderApp, RenderStage,
    },
};

// This handle will point at the texture to which we will render in the first pass.
pub const RENDER_IMAGE_HANDLE: HandleUntyped =
    HandleUntyped::weak_from_u64(Image::TYPE_UUID, 13378939762009864029);

// The name of the final node of the first pass.
pub const FIRST_PASS_DRIVER: &str = "first_pass_driver";

// The name of the camera that determines the view rendered in the first pass.
pub const FIRST_PASS_CAMERA: &str = "first_pass_camera";

fn main() {
    let mut app = App::new();
    app.insert_resource(Msaa { samples: 4 }) // Use 4x MSAA
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_startup_system(setup)
        .add_system(cube_rotator_system)
        .add_system(rotator_system);

    let render_app = app.sub_app_mut(RenderApp);

    // This will add 3D render phases for the new camera.
    render_app.add_system_to_stage(RenderStage::Extract, extract_first_pass_camera_phases);

    let mut graph = render_app.world.get_resource_mut::<RenderGraph>().unwrap();

    // Add a node for the first pass.
    graph.add_node(FIRST_PASS_DRIVER, FirstPassCameraDriver);

    // The first pass's dependencies include those of the main pass.
    graph
        .add_node_edge(node::MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES, FIRST_PASS_DRIVER)
        .unwrap();

    // Insert the first pass node: CLEAR_PASS_DRIVER -> FIRST_PASS_DRIVER -> MAIN_PASS_DRIVER
    graph
        .add_node_edge(node::CLEAR_PASS_DRIVER, FIRST_PASS_DRIVER)
        .unwrap();
    graph
        .add_node_edge(FIRST_PASS_DRIVER, node::MAIN_PASS_DRIVER)
        .unwrap();
    app.run();
}

// Add 3D render phases for FIRST_PASS_CAMERA.
fn extract_first_pass_camera_phases(mut commands: Commands, active_cameras: Res<ActiveCameras>) {
    if let Some(camera) = active_cameras.get(FIRST_PASS_CAMERA) {
        if let Some(entity) = camera.entity {
            commands.get_or_spawn(entity).insert_bundle((
                RenderPhase::<Opaque3d>::default(),
                RenderPhase::<AlphaMask3d>::default(),
                RenderPhase::<Transparent3d>::default(),
            ));
        }
    }
}

// A node for the first pass camera that runs draw_3d_graph with this camera.
struct FirstPassCameraDriver;
impl bevy::render::render_graph::Node for FirstPassCameraDriver {
    fn run(
        &self,
        graph: &mut RenderGraphContext,
        _render_context: &mut RenderContext,
        world: &World,
    ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
        let extracted_cameras = world.get_resource::<ExtractedCameraNames>().unwrap();
        if let Some(camera_3d) = extracted_cameras.entities.get(FIRST_PASS_CAMERA) {
            graph.run_sub_graph(draw_3d_graph::NAME, vec![SlotValue::Entity(*camera_3d)])?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// Marks the first pass cube (rendered to a texture.)
#[derive(Component)]
struct FirstPassCube;

// Marks the main pass cube, to which the texture is applied.
#[derive(Component)]
struct MainPassCube;

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
    mut active_cameras: ResMut<ActiveCameras>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
    mut clear_colors: ResMut<RenderTargetClearColors>,
) {
    let size = Extent3d {
        width: 512,
        height: 512,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    // This is the texture that will be rendered to.
    let mut image = Image {
        texture_descriptor: TextureDescriptor {
            label: None,
            size,
            dimension: TextureDimension::D2,
            format: TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            usage: TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING
                | TextureUsages::COPY_DST
                | TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
        },
        ..Default::default()
    };

    // fill image.data with zeroes
    image.resize(size);

    let image_handle = images.set(RENDER_IMAGE_HANDLE, image);

    let cube_handle = meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 4.0 }));
    let cube_material_handle = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color: Color::rgb(0.8, 0.7, 0.6),
        reflectance: 0.02,
        unlit: false,
        ..Default::default()
    });

    // This specifies the layer used for the first pass, which will be attached to the first pass camera and cube.
    let first_pass_layer = RenderLayers::layer(1);

    // The cube that will be rendered to the texture.
    commands
        .spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
            mesh: cube_handle,
            material: cube_material_handle,
            transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)),
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .insert(FirstPassCube)
        .insert(first_pass_layer);

    // Light
    // NOTE: Currently lights are shared between passes - see https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/3462
    commands.spawn_bundle(PointLightBundle {
        transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 10.0)),
        ..Default::default()
    });

    // First pass camera
    let render_target = RenderTarget::Image(image_handle);
    clear_colors.insert(render_target.clone(), Color::WHITE);
    active_cameras.add(FIRST_PASS_CAMERA);
    commands
        .spawn_bundle(PerspectiveCameraBundle {
            camera: Camera {
                name: Some(FIRST_PASS_CAMERA.to_string()),
                target: render_target,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 15.0))
                .looking_at(Vec3::default(), Vec3::Y),
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .insert(first_pass_layer);
    // NOTE: omitting the RenderLayers component for this camera may cause a validation error:
    //
    // thread 'main' panicked at 'wgpu error: Validation Error
    //
    //    Caused by:
    //        In a RenderPass
    //          note: encoder = `<CommandBuffer-(0, 1, Metal)>`
    //        In a pass parameter
    //          note: command buffer = `<CommandBuffer-(0, 1, Metal)>`
    //        Attempted to use texture (5, 1, Metal) mips 0..1 layers 0..1 as a combination of COLOR_TARGET within a usage scope.
    //
    // This happens because the texture would be written and read in the same frame, which is not allowed.
    // So either render layers must be used to avoid this, or the texture must be double buffered.

    let cube_size = 4.0;
    let cube_handle = meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Box::new(cube_size, cube_size, cube_size)));

    // This material has the texture that has been rendered.
    let material_handle = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color_texture: Some(RENDER_IMAGE_HANDLE.typed()),
        reflectance: 0.02,
        unlit: false,
        ..Default::default()
    });

    // Main pass cube, with material containing the rendered first pass texture.
    commands
        .spawn_bundle(PbrBundle {
            mesh: cube_handle,
            material: material_handle,
            transform: Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.5),
                rotation: Quat::from_rotation_x(-std::f32::consts::PI / 5.0),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .insert(MainPassCube);

    // The main pass camera.
    commands.spawn_bundle(PerspectiveCameraBundle {
        transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 15.0))
            .looking_at(Vec3::default(), Vec3::Y),
        ..Default::default()
    });
}

/// Rotates the inner cube (first pass)
fn rotator_system(time: Res<Time>, mut query: Query<&mut Transform, With<FirstPassCube>>) {
    for mut transform in query.iter_mut() {
        transform.rotation *= Quat::from_rotation_x(1.5 * time.delta_seconds());
        transform.rotation *= Quat::from_rotation_z(1.3 * time.delta_seconds());
    }
}

/// Rotates the outer cube (main pass)
fn cube_rotator_system(time: Res<Time>, mut query: Query<&mut Transform, With<MainPassCube>>) {
    for mut transform in query.iter_mut() {
        transform.rotation *= Quat::from_rotation_x(1.0 * time.delta_seconds());
        transform.rotation *= Quat::from_rotation_y(0.7 * time.delta_seconds());
    }
}