//! Types that detect when their internal data mutate.

use crate::{component::ComponentTicks, ptr::PtrMut, system::Resource};
#[cfg(feature = "bevy_reflect")]
use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};

/// The (arbitrarily chosen) minimum number of world tick increments between `check_tick` scans.
///
/// Change ticks can only be scanned when systems aren't running. Thus, if the threshold is `N`,
/// the maximum is `2 * N - 1` (i.e. the world ticks `N - 1` times, then `N` times).
///
/// If no change is older than `u32::MAX - (2 * N - 1)` following a scan, none of their ages can
/// overflow and cause false positives.
// (518,400,000 = 1000 ticks per frame * 144 frames per second * 3600 seconds per hour)
pub const CHECK_TICK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 518_400_000;

/// The maximum change tick difference that won't overflow before the next `check_tick` scan.
///
/// Changes stop being detected once they become this old.
pub const MAX_CHANGE_AGE: u32 = u32::MAX - (2 * CHECK_TICK_THRESHOLD - 1);

/// Types that implement reliable change detection.
///
/// ## Example
/// Using types that implement [`DetectChanges`], such as [`ResMut`], provide
/// a way to query if a value has been mutated in another system.
/// Normally change detecting is triggered by either [`DerefMut`] or [`AsMut`], however
/// it can be manually triggered via [`DetectChanges::set_changed`].
///
/// ```
/// use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
///
/// #[derive(Resource)]
/// struct MyResource(u32);
///
/// fn my_system(mut resource: ResMut<MyResource>) {
///     if resource.is_changed() {
///         println!("My resource was mutated!");
///     }
///
///    resource.0 = 42; // triggers change detection via [`DerefMut`]
/// }
/// ```
///
pub trait DetectChanges {
    /// Returns `true` if this value was added after the system last ran.
    fn is_added(&self) -> bool;

    /// Returns `true` if this value was added or mutably dereferenced after the system last ran.
    fn is_changed(&self) -> bool;

    /// Flags this value as having been changed.
    ///
    /// Mutably accessing this smart pointer will automatically flag this value as having been changed.
    /// However, mutation through interior mutability requires manual reporting.
    ///
    /// **Note**: This operation cannot be undone.
    fn set_changed(&mut self);

    /// Returns the change tick recording the previous time this component (or resource) was changed.
    ///
    /// Note that components and resources are also marked as changed upon insertion.
    ///
    /// For comparison, the previous change tick of a system can be read using the
    /// [`SystemChangeTick`](crate::system::SystemChangeTick)
    /// [`SystemParam`](crate::system::SystemParam).
    fn last_changed(&self) -> u32;
}

macro_rules! change_detection_impl {
    ($name:ident < $( $generics:tt ),+ >, $target:ty, $($traits:ident)?) => {
        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> DetectChanges for $name<$($generics),*> {
            #[inline]
            fn is_added(&self) -> bool {
                self.ticks
                    .component_ticks
                    .is_added(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
            }

            #[inline]
            fn is_changed(&self) -> bool {
                self.ticks
                    .component_ticks
                    .is_changed(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
            }

            #[inline]
            fn set_changed(&mut self) {
                self.ticks
                    .component_ticks
                    .set_changed(self.ticks.change_tick);
            }

            #[inline]
            fn last_changed(&self) -> u32 {
                self.ticks.last_change_tick
            }
        }

        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> Deref for $name<$($generics),*> {
            type Target = $target;

            #[inline]
            fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
                self.value
            }
        }

        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> DerefMut for $name<$($generics),*> {
            #[inline]
            fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
                self.set_changed();
                self.value
            }
        }

        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> AsRef<$target> for $name<$($generics),*> {
            #[inline]
            fn as_ref(&self) -> &$target {
                self.deref()
            }
        }

        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> AsMut<$target> for $name<$($generics),*> {
            #[inline]
            fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut $target {
                self.deref_mut()
            }
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! impl_into_inner {
    ($name:ident < $( $generics:tt ),+ >, $target:ty, $($traits:ident)?) => {
        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> $name<$($generics),*> {
            /// Consume `self` and return a mutable reference to the
            /// contained value while marking `self` as "changed".
            #[inline]
            pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> &'a mut $target {
                self.set_changed();
                self.value
            }
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! impl_debug {
    ($name:ident < $( $generics:tt ),+ >, $($traits:ident)?) => {
        impl<$($generics),* $(: $traits)?> std::fmt::Debug for $name<$($generics),*>
            where T: std::fmt::Debug
        {
            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
                f.debug_tuple(stringify!($name))
                    .field(self.value)
                    .finish()
            }
        }

    };
}

pub(crate) struct Ticks<'a> {
    pub(crate) component_ticks: &'a mut ComponentTicks,
    pub(crate) last_change_tick: u32,
    pub(crate) change_tick: u32,
}

/// Unique mutable borrow of a [`Resource`].
///
/// See the [`Resource`] documentation for usage.
///
/// If you need a shared borrow, use [`Res`](crate::system::Res) instead.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics when used as a [`SystemParam`](crate::system::SystemParam) if the resource does not exist.
///
/// Use `Option<ResMut<T>>` instead if the resource might not always exist.
pub struct ResMut<'a, T: Resource> {
    pub(crate) value: &'a mut T,
    pub(crate) ticks: Ticks<'a>,
}

change_detection_impl!(ResMut<'a, T>, T, Resource);
impl_into_inner!(ResMut<'a, T>, T, Resource);
impl_debug!(ResMut<'a, T>, Resource);

impl<'a, T: Resource> From<ResMut<'a, T>> for Mut<'a, T> {
    /// Convert this `ResMut` into a `Mut`. This allows keeping the change-detection feature of `Mut`
    /// while losing the specificity of `ResMut` for resources.
    fn from(other: ResMut<'a, T>) -> Mut<'a, T> {
        Mut {
            value: other.value,
            ticks: other.ticks,
        }
    }
}

/// Unique borrow of a non-[`Send`] resource.
///
/// Only [`Send`] resources may be accessed with the [`ResMut`] [`SystemParam`](crate::system::SystemParam). In case that the
/// resource does not implement `Send`, this `SystemParam` wrapper can be used. This will instruct
/// the scheduler to instead run the system on the main thread so that it doesn't send the resource
/// over to another thread.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics when used as a `SystemParameter` if the resource does not exist.
///
/// Use `Option<NonSendMut<T>>` instead if the resource might not always exist.
pub struct NonSendMut<'a, T: 'static> {
    pub(crate) value: &'a mut T,
    pub(crate) ticks: Ticks<'a>,
}

change_detection_impl!(NonSendMut<'a, T>, T,);
impl_into_inner!(NonSendMut<'a, T>, T,);
impl_debug!(NonSendMut<'a, T>,);

impl<'a, T: 'static> From<NonSendMut<'a, T>> for Mut<'a, T> {
    /// Convert this `NonSendMut` into a `Mut`. This allows keeping the change-detection feature of `Mut`
    /// while losing the specificity of `NonSendMut`.
    fn from(other: NonSendMut<'a, T>) -> Mut<'a, T> {
        Mut {
            value: other.value,
            ticks: other.ticks,
        }
    }
}

/// Unique mutable borrow of an entity's component
pub struct Mut<'a, T: ?Sized> {
    pub(crate) value: &'a mut T,
    pub(crate) ticks: Ticks<'a>,
}

change_detection_impl!(Mut<'a, T>, T,);
impl_into_inner!(Mut<'a, T>, T,);
impl_debug!(Mut<'a, T>,);

/// Unique mutable borrow of resources or an entity's component.
///
/// Similar to [`Mut`], but not generic over the component type, instead
/// exposing the raw pointer as a `*mut ()`.
///
/// Usually you don't need to use this and can instead use the APIs returning a
/// [`Mut`], but in situations where the types are not known at compile time
/// or are defined outside of rust this can be used.
pub struct MutUntyped<'a> {
    pub(crate) value: PtrMut<'a>,
    pub(crate) ticks: Ticks<'a>,
}

impl<'a> MutUntyped<'a> {
    /// Returns the pointer to the value, without marking it as changed.
    ///
    /// In order to mark the value as changed, you need to call [`set_changed`](DetectChanges::set_changed) manually.
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> PtrMut<'a> {
        self.value
    }
}

impl DetectChanges for MutUntyped<'_> {
    fn is_added(&self) -> bool {
        self.ticks
            .component_ticks
            .is_added(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
    }

    fn is_changed(&self) -> bool {
        self.ticks
            .component_ticks
            .is_changed(self.ticks.last_change_tick, self.ticks.change_tick)
    }

    fn set_changed(&mut self) {
        self.ticks
            .component_ticks
            .set_changed(self.ticks.change_tick);
    }

    fn last_changed(&self) -> u32 {
        self.ticks.last_change_tick
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for MutUntyped<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_tuple("MutUntyped")
            .field(&self.value.as_ptr())
            .finish()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use bevy_ecs_macros::Resource;

    use crate::{
        self as bevy_ecs,
        change_detection::{
            ComponentTicks, Mut, NonSendMut, ResMut, Ticks, CHECK_TICK_THRESHOLD, MAX_CHANGE_AGE,
        },
        component::Component,
        query::ChangeTrackers,
        system::{IntoSystem, Query, System},
        world::World,
    };

    #[derive(Component)]
    struct C;

    #[derive(Resource)]
    struct R;

    #[test]
    fn change_expiration() {
        fn change_detected(query: Query<ChangeTrackers<C>>) -> bool {
            query.single().is_changed()
        }

        fn change_expired(query: Query<ChangeTrackers<C>>) -> bool {
            query.single().is_changed()
        }

        let mut world = World::new();

        // component added: 1, changed: 1
        world.spawn().insert(C);

        let mut change_detected_system = IntoSystem::into_system(change_detected);
        let mut change_expired_system = IntoSystem::into_system(change_expired);
        change_detected_system.initialize(&mut world);
        change_expired_system.initialize(&mut world);

        // world: 1, system last ran: 0, component changed: 1
        // The spawn will be detected since it happened after the system "last ran".
        assert!(change_detected_system.run((), &mut world));

        // world: 1 + MAX_CHANGE_AGE
        let change_tick = world.change_tick.get_mut();
        *change_tick = change_tick.wrapping_add(MAX_CHANGE_AGE);

        // Both the system and component appeared `MAX_CHANGE_AGE` ticks ago.
        // Since we clamp things to `MAX_CHANGE_AGE` for determinism,
        // `ComponentTicks::is_changed` will now see `MAX_CHANGE_AGE > MAX_CHANGE_AGE`
        // and return `false`.
        assert!(!change_expired_system.run((), &mut world));
    }

    #[test]
    fn change_tick_wraparound() {
        fn change_detected(query: Query<ChangeTrackers<C>>) -> bool {
            query.single().is_changed()
        }

        let mut world = World::new();
        world.last_change_tick = u32::MAX;
        *world.change_tick.get_mut() = 0;

        // component added: 0, changed: 0
        world.spawn().insert(C);

        // system last ran: u32::MAX
        let mut change_detected_system = IntoSystem::into_system(change_detected);
        change_detected_system.initialize(&mut world);

        // Since the world is always ahead, as long as changes can't get older than `u32::MAX` (which we ensure),
        // the wrapping difference will always be positive, so wraparound doesn't matter.
        assert!(change_detected_system.run((), &mut world));
    }

    #[test]
    fn change_tick_scan() {
        let mut world = World::new();

        // component added: 1, changed: 1
        world.spawn().insert(C);

        // a bunch of stuff happens, the component is now older than `MAX_CHANGE_AGE`
        *world.change_tick.get_mut() += MAX_CHANGE_AGE + CHECK_TICK_THRESHOLD;
        let change_tick = world.change_tick();

        let mut query = world.query::<ChangeTrackers<C>>();
        for tracker in query.iter(&world) {
            let ticks_since_insert = change_tick.wrapping_sub(tracker.component_ticks.added);
            let ticks_since_change = change_tick.wrapping_sub(tracker.component_ticks.changed);
            assert!(ticks_since_insert > MAX_CHANGE_AGE);
            assert!(ticks_since_change > MAX_CHANGE_AGE);
        }

        // scan change ticks and clamp those at risk of overflow
        world.check_change_ticks();

        for tracker in query.iter(&world) {
            let ticks_since_insert = change_tick.wrapping_sub(tracker.component_ticks.added);
            let ticks_since_change = change_tick.wrapping_sub(tracker.component_ticks.changed);
            assert!(ticks_since_insert == MAX_CHANGE_AGE);
            assert!(ticks_since_change == MAX_CHANGE_AGE);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn mut_from_res_mut() {
        let mut component_ticks = ComponentTicks {
            added: 1,
            changed: 2,
        };
        let ticks = Ticks {
            component_ticks: &mut component_ticks,
            last_change_tick: 3,
            change_tick: 4,
        };
        let mut res = R {};
        let res_mut = ResMut {
            value: &mut res,
            ticks,
        };

        let into_mut: Mut<R> = res_mut.into();
        assert_eq!(1, into_mut.ticks.component_ticks.added);
        assert_eq!(2, into_mut.ticks.component_ticks.changed);
        assert_eq!(3, into_mut.ticks.last_change_tick);
        assert_eq!(4, into_mut.ticks.change_tick);
    }

    #[test]
    fn mut_from_non_send_mut() {
        let mut component_ticks = ComponentTicks {
            added: 1,
            changed: 2,
        };
        let ticks = Ticks {
            component_ticks: &mut component_ticks,
            last_change_tick: 3,
            change_tick: 4,
        };
        let mut res = R {};
        let non_send_mut = NonSendMut {
            value: &mut res,
            ticks,
        };

        let into_mut: Mut<R> = non_send_mut.into();
        assert_eq!(1, into_mut.ticks.component_ticks.added);
        assert_eq!(2, into_mut.ticks.component_ticks.changed);
        assert_eq!(3, into_mut.ticks.last_change_tick);
        assert_eq!(4, into_mut.ticks.change_tick);
    }
}