# Objective
A big step in the migration to required components: meshes and
materials!
## Solution
As per the [selected
proposal](https://hackmd.io/@bevy/required_components/%2Fj9-PnF-2QKK0on1KQ29UWQ):
- Deprecate `MaterialMesh2dBundle`, `MaterialMeshBundle`, and
`PbrBundle`.
- Add `Mesh2d` and `Mesh3d` components, which wrap a `Handle<Mesh>`.
- Add `MeshMaterial2d<M: Material2d>` and `MeshMaterial3d<M: Material>`,
which wrap a `Handle<M>`.
- Meshes *without* a mesh material should be rendered with a default
material. The existence of a material is determined by
`HasMaterial2d`/`HasMaterial3d`, which is required by
`MeshMaterial2d`/`MeshMaterial3d`. This gets around problems with the
generics.
Previously:
```rust
commands.spawn(MaterialMesh2dBundle {
mesh: meshes.add(Circle::new(100.0)).into(),
material: materials.add(Color::srgb(7.5, 0.0, 7.5)),
transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-200., 0., 0.)),
..default()
});
```
Now:
```rust
commands.spawn((
Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::new(100.0))),
MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::srgb(7.5, 0.0, 7.5))),
Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-200., 0., 0.)),
));
```
If the mesh material is missing, previously nothing was rendered. Now,
it renders a white default `ColorMaterial` in 2D and a
`StandardMaterial` in 3D (this can be overridden). Below, only every
other entity has a material:
Why white? This is still open for discussion, but I think white makes
sense for a *default* material, while *invalid* asset handles pointing
to nothing should have something like a pink material to indicate that
something is broken (I don't handle that in this PR yet). This is kind
of a mix of Godot and Unity: Godot just renders a white material for
non-existent materials, while Unity renders nothing when no materials
exist, but renders pink for invalid materials. I can also change the
default material to pink if that is preferable though.
## Testing
I ran some 2D and 3D examples to test if anything changed visually. I
have not tested all examples or features yet however. If anyone wants to
test more extensively, it would be appreciated!
## Implementation Notes
- The relationship between `bevy_render` and `bevy_pbr` is weird here.
`bevy_render` needs `Mesh3d` for its own systems, but `bevy_pbr` has all
of the material logic, and `bevy_render` doesn't depend on it. I feel
like the two crates should be refactored in some way, but I think that's
out of scope for this PR.
- I didn't migrate meshlets to required components yet. That can
probably be done in a follow-up, as this is already a huge PR.
- It is becoming increasingly clear to me that we really, *really* want
to disallow raw asset handles as components. They caused me a *ton* of
headache here already, and it took me a long time to find every place
that queried for them or inserted them directly on entities, since there
were no compiler errors for it. If we don't remove the `Component`
derive, I expect raw asset handles to be a *huge* footgun for users as
we transition to wrapper components, especially as handles as components
have been the norm so far. I personally consider this to be a blocker
for 0.15: we need to migrate to wrapper components for asset handles
everywhere, and remove the `Component` derive. Also see
https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/14124.
---
## Migration Guide
Asset handles for meshes and mesh materials must now be wrapped in the
`Mesh2d` and `MeshMaterial2d` or `Mesh3d` and `MeshMaterial3d`
components for 2D and 3D respectively. Raw handles as components no
longer render meshes.
Additionally, `MaterialMesh2dBundle`, `MaterialMeshBundle`, and
`PbrBundle` have been deprecated. Instead, use the mesh and material
components directly.
Previously:
```rust
commands.spawn(MaterialMesh2dBundle {
mesh: meshes.add(Circle::new(100.0)).into(),
material: materials.add(Color::srgb(7.5, 0.0, 7.5)),
transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-200., 0., 0.)),
..default()
});
```
Now:
```rust
commands.spawn((
Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::new(100.0))),
MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::srgb(7.5, 0.0, 7.5))),
Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-200., 0., 0.)),
));
```
If the mesh material is missing, a white default material is now used.
Previously, nothing was rendered if the material was missing.
The `WithMesh2d` and `WithMesh3d` query filter type aliases have also
been removed. Simply use `With<Mesh2d>` or `With<Mesh3d>`.
---------
Co-authored-by: Tim Blackbird <justthecooldude@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Carter Anderson <mcanders1@gmail.com>
# Objective
Another step in the migration to required components: lights!
Note that this does not include `EnvironmentMapLight` or reflection
probes yet, because their API hasn't been fully chosen yet.
## Solution
As per the [selected
proposals](https://hackmd.io/@bevy/required_components/%2FLLnzwz9XTxiD7i2jiUXkJg):
- Deprecate `PointLightBundle` in favor of the `PointLight` component
- Deprecate `SpotLightBundle` in favor of the `PointLight` component
- Deprecate `DirectionalLightBundle` in favor of the `DirectionalLight`
component
## Testing
I ran some examples with lights.
---
## Migration Guide
`PointLightBundle`, `SpotLightBundle`, and `DirectionalLightBundle` have
been deprecated. Use the `PointLight`, `SpotLight`, and
`DirectionalLight` components instead. Adding them will now insert the
other components required by them automatically.
# Objective
- Fixes#14873, see that issue for a whole lot of context
## Solution
- Add a blessed system set for this stuff. See [this Discord
discussion](https://discord.com/channels/691052431525675048/749335865876021248/1276262931327094908).
Note that the gizmo systems,
[LWIM](https://github.com/Leafwing-Studios/leafwing-input-manager/pull/522/files#diff-9b59ee4899ad0a5d008889ea89a124a7291316532e42f9f3d6ae842b906fb095R154)
and now a new plugin I'm working on are all already ordering against
`run_fixed_main_schedule`, so having a dedicated system set should be
more robust and hopefully also more discoverable.
---
## ~~Showcase~~
~~I can add a little video of a smooth camera later if this gets merged
:)~~
Apparently a release note is not needed, so I'll leave it out. See the
changes in the fixed timestep example for usage showcase and the video
in #14873 for a more or less accurate video of the effect (it does not
use the same solution though, so it is not quite the same)
## Migration Guide
[run_fixed_main_schedule](https://docs.rs/bevy/latest/bevy/time/fn.run_fixed_main_schedule.html)
is no longer public. If you used to order against it, use the new
dedicated `RunFixedMainLoopSystem` system set instead. You can replace
your usage of `run_fixed_main_schedule` one for one by
`RunFixedMainLoopSystem::FixedMainLoop`, but it is now more idiomatic to
place your systems in either
`RunFixedMainLoopSystem::BeforeFixedMainLoop` or
`RunFixedMainLoopSystem::AfterFixedMainLoop`
Old:
```rust
app.add_systems(
RunFixedMainLoop,
some_system.before(run_fixed_main_schedule)
);
```
New:
```rust
app.add_systems(
RunFixedMainLoop,
some_system.in_set(RunFixedMainLoopSystem::BeforeFixedMainLoop)
);
```
---------
Co-authored-by: Tau Gärtli <git@tau.garden>
# Objective
- Moves the smooth_follow.rs into movement directory in examples
- Fixes#14241
## Solution
- Move the smooth_follow.rs to movement dir in examples.
_copy-pasted from my doc comment in the code_
# Objective
This example shows how to properly handle player input, advance a
physics simulation in a fixed timestep, and display the results.
The classic source for how and why this is done is Glenn Fiedler's
article [Fix Your
Timestep!](https://gafferongames.com/post/fix_your_timestep/).
## Motivation
The naive way of moving a player is to just update their position like
so:
```rust
transform.translation += velocity;
```
The issue here is that the player's movement speed will be tied to the
frame rate.
Faster machines will move the player faster, and slower machines will
move the player slower.
In fact, you can observe this today when running some old games that did
it this way on modern hardware!
The player will move at a breakneck pace.
The more sophisticated way is to update the player's position based on
the time that has passed:
```rust
transform.translation += velocity * time.delta_seconds();
```
This way, velocity represents a speed in units per second, and the
player will move at the same speed regardless of the frame rate.
However, this can still be problematic if the frame rate is very low or
very high. If the frame rate is very low, the player will move in large
jumps. This may lead to a player moving in such large jumps that they
pass through walls or other obstacles. In general, you cannot expect a
physics simulation to behave nicely with *any* delta time. Ideally, we
want to have some stability in what kinds of delta times we feed into
our physics simulation.
The solution is using a fixed timestep. This means that we advance the
physics simulation by a fixed amount at a time. If the real time that
passed between two frames is less than the fixed timestep, we simply
don't advance the physics simulation at all.
If it is more, we advance the physics simulation multiple times until we
catch up. You can read more about how Bevy implements this in the
documentation for
[`bevy::time::Fixed`](https://docs.rs/bevy/latest/bevy/time/struct.Fixed.html).
This leaves us with a last problem, however. If our physics simulation
may advance zero or multiple times per frame, there may be frames in
which the player's position did not need to be updated at all, and some
where it is updated by a large amount that resulted from running the
physics simulation multiple times. This is physically correct, but
visually jarring. Imagine a player moving in a straight line, but
depending on the frame rate, they may sometimes advance by a large
amount and sometimes not at all. Visually, we want the player to move
smoothly. This is why we need to separate the player's position in the
physics simulation from the player's position in the visual
representation. The visual representation can then be interpolated
smoothly based on the last and current actual player position in the
physics simulation.
This is a tradeoff: every visual frame is now slightly lagging behind
the actual physical frame, but in return, the player's movement will
appear smooth. There are other ways to compute the visual representation
of the player, such as extrapolation. See the [documentation of the
lightyear
crate](https://cbournhonesque.github.io/lightyear/book/concepts/advanced_replication/visual_interpolation.html)
for a nice overview of the different methods and their tradeoffs.
## Implementation
- The player's velocity is stored in a `Velocity` component. This is the
speed in units per second.
- The player's current position in the physics simulation is stored in a
`PhysicalTranslation` component.
- The player's previous position in the physics simulation is stored in
a `PreviousPhysicalTranslation` component.
- The player's visual representation is stored in Bevy's regular
`Transform` component.
- Every frame, we go through the following steps:
- Advance the physics simulation by one fixed timestep in the
`advance_physics` system.
This is run in the `FixedUpdate` schedule, which runs before the
`Update` schedule.
- Update the player's visual representation in the
`update_displayed_transform` system.
This interpolates between the player's previous and current position in
the physics simulation.
- Update the player's velocity based on the player's input in the
`handle_input` system.
## Relevant Issues
Related to #1259.
I'm also fairly sure I've seen an issue somewhere made by
@alice-i-cecile about showing how to move a character correctly in a
fixed timestep, but I cannot find it.
