Check CI against Rust beta each week (#12763)

# Objective

Get an early warning if any new rust lints will break CI. Closes #12625

## Solution

Test the main branch against the Rust beta every week.

## Additional Possibilities
The action currently creates an issue if anything fails. The issue could
use a label like `C-Weekly` but somebody with the ability to create
issue labels would have to add it.

Another possibility would be to use discord webhooks. That would need
somebody with the access to create webhooks on discord and somebody with
the rights to connect that webhook to this repo,

.github/workflows/weekly.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+name: Weekly beta compile test
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # New versions of rust release on Thursdays. We test on Mondays to get at least 3 days of warning before all our CI breaks again.
+    # https://forge.rust-lang.org/release/process.html#release-day-thursday
+    - cron:  '0 12 * * 1'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  NIGHTLY_TOOLCHAIN: nightly
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@beta
+      - name: Install alsa and udev
+        run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libasound2-dev libudev-dev
+        if: runner.os == 'linux'
+      - name: Build & run tests
+        # See tools/ci/src/main.rs for the commands this runs
+        run: cargo run -p ci -- test
+        env:
+          CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
+          RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0 -D warnings"
+
+  lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@beta
+        with:
+          components: rustfmt, clippy
+      - name: Install alsa and udev
+        run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libasound2-dev libudev-dev libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-dev
+      - name: Run lints
+        # See tools/ci/src/main.rs for the commands this runs
+        run: cargo run -p ci -- lints
+
+  check-compiles:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    needs: ci
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@beta
+      - name: Install alsa and udev
+        run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libasound2-dev libudev-dev
+      - name: Check compile test
+        # See tools/ci/src/main.rs for the commands this runs
+        run: cargo run -p ci -- compile
+
+  check-doc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@beta
+      - name: Install alsa and udev
+        run: sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libasound2-dev libudev-dev libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-dev
+      - name: Build and check docs
+        # See tools/ci/src/main.rs for the commands this runs
+        run: cargo run -p ci -- doc
+        env:
+          CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0
+          RUSTFLAGS: "-C debuginfo=0"
+
+  open-issue:
+    name: Warn that weekly CI fails
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [test, lint, check-compiles, check-doc]
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+    # Use always() so the job doesn't get canceled if any other jobs fail 
+    if: ${{ always() && contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Create issue
+        run: |
+          previous_issue_number=$(gh issue list \
+            --search "$TITLE in:title" \
+            --json number \
+            --jq '.[0].number')
+          if [[ -n $previous_issue_number ]]; then
+            gh issue comment $previous_issue_number \
+              --body "Weekly pipeline still fails: $FAILED_RUN" 
+          else
+            gh issue create \
+              --title "$TITLE" \
+              --label "$LABELS" \
+              --body "$BODY"
+          fi
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          TITLE: Main branch fails to compile on Rust beta.
+          LABELS: C-Bug,S-Needs-Triage
+          FAILED_RUN: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          BODY: | 
+            ## Weekly CI run has failed.
+            [The offending run.]($FAILED_RUN)