Add support for KHR_texture_transform (#11904)

Adopted #8266, so copy-pasting the description from there:

# Objective

Support the KHR_texture_transform extension for the glTF loader.

- Fixes #6335
- Fixes #11869 
- Implements part of #11350
- Implements the GLTF part of #399 

## Solution

As is, this only supports a single transform. Looking at Godot's source,
they support one transform with an optional second one for detail, AO,
and emission. glTF specifies one per texture. The public domain
materials I looked at seem to share the same transform. So maybe having
just one is acceptable for now. I tried to include a warning if multiple
different transforms exist for the same material.

Note the gltf crate doesn't expose the texture transform for the normal
and occlusion textures, which it should, so I just ignored those for
now. (note by @janhohenheim: this is still the case)

Via `cargo run --release --example scene_viewer
~/src/clone/glTF-Sample-Models/2.0/TextureTransformTest/glTF/TextureTransformTest.gltf`:


![texture_transform](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/283864/228938298-aa2ef524-555b-411d-9637-fd0dac226fb0.png)

## Changelog

Support for the
[KHR_texture_transform](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/main/extensions/2.0/Khronos/KHR_texture_transform)
extension added. Texture UVs that were scaled, rotated, or offset in a
GLTF are now properly handled.

---------

Co-authored-by: Al McElrath <hello@yrns.org>
Co-authored-by: Kanabenki <lucien.menassol@gmail.com>

crates/bevy_gltf/Cargo.toml

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ gltf = { version = "1.4.0", default-features = false, features = [
   "KHR_materials_volume",
   "KHR_materials_unlit",
   "KHR_materials_emissive_strength",
+  "KHR_texture_transform",
   "extras",
   "extensions",
   "names",

crates/bevy_gltf/src/loader.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use bevy_ecs::entity::EntityHashMap;
 use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, world::World};
 use bevy_hierarchy::{BuildWorldChildren, WorldChildBuilder};
 use bevy_log::{error, info_span, warn};
-use bevy_math::{Mat4, Vec3};
+use bevy_math::{Affine2, Mat4, Vec3};
 use bevy_pbr::{
     AlphaMode, DirectionalLight, DirectionalLightBundle, PbrBundle, PointLight, PointLightBundle,
     SpotLight, SpotLightBundle, StandardMaterial, MAX_JOINTS,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ use bevy_utils::{
 use gltf::{
     accessor::Iter,
     mesh::{util::ReadIndices, Mode},
-    texture::{MagFilter, MinFilter, WrappingMode},
+    texture::{Info, MagFilter, MinFilter, TextureTransform, WrappingMode},
     Material, Node, Primitive, Semantic,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -826,6 +826,14 @@ fn load_material(
             texture_handle(load_context, &info.texture())
         });
 
+        let uv_transform = pbr
+            .base_color_texture()
+            .and_then(|info| {
+                info.texture_transform()
+                    .map(convert_texture_transform_to_affine2)
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
         let normal_map_texture: Option<Handle<Image>> =
             material.normal_texture().map(|normal_texture| {
                 // TODO: handle normal_texture.scale
@@ -835,6 +843,12 @@ fn load_material(
 
         let metallic_roughness_texture = pbr.metallic_roughness_texture().map(|info| {
             // TODO: handle info.tex_coord() (the *set* index for the right texcoords)
+            warn_on_differing_texture_transforms(
+                material,
+                &info,
+                uv_transform,
+                "metallic/roughness",
+            );
             texture_handle(load_context, &info.texture())
         });
 
@@ -848,6 +862,7 @@ fn load_material(
         let emissive_texture = material.emissive_texture().map(|info| {
             // TODO: handle occlusion_texture.tex_coord() (the *set* index for the right texcoords)
             // TODO: handle occlusion_texture.strength() (a scalar multiplier for occlusion strength)
+            warn_on_differing_texture_transforms(material, &info, uv_transform, "emissive");
             texture_handle(load_context, &info.texture())
         });
 
@@ -935,11 +950,51 @@ fn load_material(
             ),
             unlit: material.unlit(),
             alpha_mode: alpha_mode(material),
+            uv_transform,
             ..Default::default()
         }
     })
 }
 
+fn convert_texture_transform_to_affine2(texture_transform: TextureTransform) -> Affine2 {
+    Affine2::from_scale_angle_translation(
+        texture_transform.scale().into(),
+        -texture_transform.rotation(),
+        texture_transform.offset().into(),
+    )
+}
+
+fn warn_on_differing_texture_transforms(
+    material: &Material,
+    info: &Info,
+    texture_transform: Affine2,
+    texture_kind: &str,
+) {
+    let has_differing_texture_transform = info
+        .texture_transform()
+        .map(convert_texture_transform_to_affine2)
+        .is_some_and(|t| t != texture_transform);
+    if has_differing_texture_transform {
+        let material_name = material
+            .name()
+            .map(|n| format!("the material \"{n}\""))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "an unnamed material".to_string());
+        let texture_name = info
+            .texture()
+            .name()
+            .map(|n| format!("its {texture_kind} texture \"{n}\""))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("its unnamed {texture_kind} texture"));
+        let material_index = material
+            .index()
+            .map(|i| format!("index {i}"))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string());
+        warn!(
+            "Only texture transforms on base color textures are supported, but {material_name} ({material_index}) \
+            has a texture transform on {texture_name} (index {}), which will be ignored.", info.texture().index()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 /// Loads a glTF node.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments, clippy::result_large_err)]
 fn load_node(

crates/bevy_pbr/src/pbr_material.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use bevy_asset::{Asset, Handle};
-use bevy_math::Vec4;
+use bevy_math::{Affine2, Vec2, Vec4};
 use bevy_reflect::{std_traits::ReflectDefault, Reflect};
 use bevy_render::{
     color::Color, mesh::MeshVertexBufferLayout, render_asset::RenderAssets, render_resource::*,
@@ -472,6 +472,9 @@ pub struct StandardMaterial {
     /// Default is [`DEFAULT_PBR_DEFERRED_LIGHTING_PASS_ID`] for default
     /// PBR deferred lighting pass. Ignored in the case of forward materials.
     pub deferred_lighting_pass_id: u8,
+
+    /// The transform applied to the UVs corresponding to ATTRIBUTE_UV_0 on the mesh before sampling. Default is identity.
+    pub uv_transform: Affine2,
 }
 
 impl Default for StandardMaterial {
@@ -520,6 +523,7 @@ impl Default for StandardMaterial {
             parallax_mapping_method: ParallaxMappingMethod::Occlusion,
             opaque_render_method: OpaqueRendererMethod::Auto,
             deferred_lighting_pass_id: DEFAULT_PBR_DEFERRED_LIGHTING_PASS_ID,
+            uv_transform: Affine2::IDENTITY,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -590,9 +594,17 @@ pub struct StandardMaterialUniform {
     /// Doubles as diffuse albedo for non-metallic, specular for metallic and a mix for everything
     /// in between.
     pub base_color: Vec4,
-    // Use a color for user friendliness even though we technically don't use the alpha channel
+    // Use a color for user-friendliness even though we technically don't use the alpha channel
     // Might be used in the future for exposure correction in HDR
     pub emissive: Vec4,
+    /// Color white light takes after travelling through the attenuation distance underneath the material surface
+    pub attenuation_color: Vec4,
+    /// The x-axis of the mat2 of the transform applied to the UVs corresponding to ATTRIBUTE_UV_0 on the mesh before sampling. Default is [1, 0].
+    pub uv_transform_x_axis: Vec2,
+    /// The y-axis of the mat2 of the transform applied to the UVs corresponding to ATTRIBUTE_UV_0 on the mesh before sampling. Default is [0, 1].
+    pub uv_transform_y_axis: Vec2,
+    /// The translation of the transform applied to the UVs corresponding to ATTRIBUTE_UV_0 on the mesh before sampling. Default is [0, 0].
+    pub uv_transform_translation: Vec2,
     /// Linear perceptual roughness, clamped to [0.089, 1.0] in the shader
     /// Defaults to minimum of 0.089
     pub roughness: f32,
@@ -611,8 +623,6 @@ pub struct StandardMaterialUniform {
     pub ior: f32,
     /// How far light travels through the volume underneath the material surface before being absorbed
     pub attenuation_distance: f32,
-    /// Color white light takes after travelling through the attenuation distance underneath the material surface
-    pub attenuation_color: Vec4,
     /// The [`StandardMaterialFlags`] accessible in the `wgsl` shader.
     pub flags: u32,
     /// When the alpha mode mask flag is set, any base color alpha above this cutoff means fully opaque,
@@ -729,6 +739,9 @@ impl AsBindGroupShaderType<StandardMaterialUniform> for StandardMaterial {
             lightmap_exposure: self.lightmap_exposure,
             max_relief_mapping_search_steps: self.parallax_mapping_method.max_steps(),
             deferred_lighting_pass_id: self.deferred_lighting_pass_id as u32,
+            uv_transform_x_axis: self.uv_transform.matrix2.x_axis,
+            uv_transform_y_axis: self.uv_transform.matrix2.y_axis,
+            uv_transform_translation: self.uv_transform.translation,
         }
     }
 }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/mesh_functions.wgsl

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
     mesh_types::MESH_FLAGS_SIGN_DETERMINANT_MODEL_3X3_BIT,
     view_transformations::position_world_to_clip,
 }
-#import bevy_render::maths::{affine_to_square, mat2x4_f32_to_mat3x3_unpack}
+#import bevy_render::maths::{affine3_to_square, mat2x4_f32_to_mat3x3_unpack}
 
 
 fn get_model_matrix(instance_index: u32) -> mat4x4<f32> {
-    return affine_to_square(mesh[instance_index].model);
+    return affine3_to_square(mesh[instance_index].model);
 }
 
 fn get_previous_model_matrix(instance_index: u32) -> mat4x4<f32> {
-    return affine_to_square(mesh[instance_index].previous_model);
+    return affine3_to_square(mesh[instance_index].previous_model);
 }
 
 fn mesh_position_local_to_world(model: mat4x4<f32>, vertex_position: vec4<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {

crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/mesh_types.wgsl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 struct Mesh {
     // Affine 4x3 matrices transposed to 3x4
-    // Use bevy_render::maths::affine_to_square to unpack
+    // Use bevy_render::maths::affine3_to_square to unpack
     model: mat3x4<f32>,
     previous_model: mat3x4<f32>,
     // 3x3 matrix packed in mat2x4 and f32 as:

crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/pbr_fragment.wgsl

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     parallax_mapping::parallaxed_uv,
     lightmap::lightmap,
 }
+#import bevy_render::maths::affine2_to_square
 
 #ifdef SCREEN_SPACE_AMBIENT_OCCLUSION
 #import bevy_pbr::mesh_view_bindings::screen_space_ambient_occlusion_texture
@@ -73,7 +74,8 @@ fn pbr_input_from_standard_material(
     let NdotV = max(dot(pbr_input.N, pbr_input.V), 0.0001);
 
 #ifdef VERTEX_UVS
-    var uv = in.uv;
+    let uv_transform = affine2_to_square(pbr_bindings::material.uv_transform);
+    var uv = (uv_transform * vec3(in.uv, 1.0)).xy;
 
 #ifdef VERTEX_TANGENTS
     if ((pbr_bindings::material.flags & pbr_types::STANDARD_MATERIAL_FLAGS_DEPTH_MAP_BIT) != 0u) {

crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/pbr_prepass_functions.wgsl

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
     pbr_bindings,
     pbr_types,
 }
+#import bevy_render::maths::affine2_to_square
 
 // Cutoff used for the premultiplied alpha modes BLEND and ADD.
 const PREMULTIPLIED_ALPHA_CUTOFF = 0.05;
@@ -18,8 +19,10 @@ fn prepass_alpha_discard(in: VertexOutput) {
     var output_color: vec4<f32> = pbr_bindings::material.base_color;
 
 #ifdef VERTEX_UVS
+    let uv_transform = affine2_to_square(pbr_bindings::material.uv_transform);
+    let uv = (uv_transform * vec3(in.uv, 1.0)).xy;
     if (pbr_bindings::material.flags & pbr_types::STANDARD_MATERIAL_FLAGS_BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE_BIT) != 0u {
-        output_color = output_color * textureSampleBias(pbr_bindings::base_color_texture, pbr_bindings::base_color_sampler, in.uv, view.mip_bias);
+        output_color = output_color * textureSampleBias(pbr_bindings::base_color_texture, pbr_bindings::base_color_sampler, uv, view.mip_bias);
     }
 #endif // VERTEX_UVS
 

crates/bevy_pbr/src/render/pbr_types.wgsl

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 #define_import_path bevy_pbr::pbr_types
 
+// Since this is a hot path, try to keep the alignment and size of the struct members in mind.
+// You can find the alignment and sizes at <https://www.w3.org/TR/WGSL/#alignment-and-size>.
 struct StandardMaterial {
     base_color: vec4<f32>,
     emissive: vec4<f32>,
+    attenuation_color: vec4<f32>,
+    uv_transform: mat3x2<f32>,
     perceptual_roughness: f32,
     metallic: f32,
     reflectance: f32,
@@ -11,7 +15,6 @@ struct StandardMaterial {
     thickness: f32,
     ior: f32,
     attenuation_distance: f32,
-    attenuation_color: vec4<f32>,
     // 'flags' is a bit field indicating various options. u32 is 32 bits so we have up to 32 options.
     flags: u32,
     alpha_cutoff: f32,
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@ fn standard_material_new() -> StandardMaterial {
     material.max_parallax_layer_count = 16.0;
     material.max_relief_mapping_search_steps = 5u;
     material.deferred_lighting_pass_id = 1u;
+    // scale 1, translation 0, rotation 0
+    material.uv_transform = mat3x2<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
     return material;
 }

crates/bevy_render/src/maths.wgsl

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 #define_import_path bevy_render::maths
 
-fn affine_to_square(affine: mat3x4<f32>) -> mat4x4<f32> {
+fn affine2_to_square(affine: mat3x2<f32>) -> mat3x3<f32> {
+    return mat3x3<f32>(
+        vec3<f32>(affine[0].xy, 0.0),
+        vec3<f32>(affine[1].xy, 0.0),
+        vec3<f32>(affine[2].xy, 1.0),
+    );
+}
+
+fn affine3_to_square(affine: mat3x4<f32>) -> mat4x4<f32> {
     return transpose(mat4x4<f32>(
         affine[0],
         affine[1],

crates/bevy_sprite/src/mesh2d/mesh2d_functions.wgsl

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
     mesh2d_view_bindings::view,
     mesh2d_bindings::mesh,
 }
-#import bevy_render::maths::{affine_to_square, mat2x4_f32_to_mat3x3_unpack}
+#import bevy_render::maths::{affine3_to_square, mat2x4_f32_to_mat3x3_unpack}
 
 fn get_model_matrix(instance_index: u32) -> mat4x4<f32> {
-    return affine_to_square(mesh[instance_index].model);
+    return affine3_to_square(mesh[instance_index].model);
 }
 
 fn mesh2d_position_local_to_world(model: mat4x4<f32>, vertex_position: vec4<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {

crates/bevy_sprite/src/mesh2d/mesh2d_types.wgsl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 struct Mesh2d {
     // Affine 4x3 matrix transposed to 3x4
-    // Use bevy_render::maths::affine_to_square to unpack
+    // Use bevy_render::maths::affine3_to_square to unpack
     model: mat3x4<f32>,
     // 3x3 matrix packed in mat2x4 and f32 as:
     // [0].xyz, [1].x,

crates/bevy_sprite/src/render/sprite.wgsl

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #import bevy_render::{
-    maths::affine_to_square,
+    maths::affine3_to_square,
     view::View,
 }
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn vertex(in: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
         0.0
     );
 
-    out.clip_position = view.view_proj * affine_to_square(mat3x4<f32>(
+    out.clip_position = view.view_proj * affine3_to_square(mat3x4<f32>(
         in.i_model_transpose_col0,
         in.i_model_transpose_col1,
         in.i_model_transpose_col2,