Cluster small table/archetype into single Task in parallel iteration (#12846)

# Objective

- Fix #7303
- bevy would spawn a lot of tasks in parallel iteration when it matchs a
large storage and many small storage ,it significantly increase the
overhead of schedule.

## Solution

- collect small storage into one task

benches/benches/bevy_ecs/iteration/mod.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ mod iter_simple_sparse_set;
 mod iter_simple_system;
 mod iter_simple_wide;
 mod iter_simple_wide_sparse_set;
+mod par_iter_simple;
 
 use heavy_compute::*;
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ criterion_group!(
     iter_frag_sparse,
     iter_simple,
     heavy_compute,
+    par_iter_simple,
 );
 
 fn iter_simple(c: &mut Criterion) {
@@ -117,3 +119,15 @@ fn iter_frag_sparse(c: &mut Criterion) {
     });
     group.finish();
 }
+
+fn par_iter_simple(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("par_iter_simple");
+    group.warm_up_time(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500));
+    group.measurement_time(std::time::Duration::from_secs(4));
+    for f in [0, 10, 100, 1000] {
+        group.bench_function(format!("with_{}_fragment", f), |b| {
+            let mut bench = par_iter_simple::Benchmark::new(f);
+            b.iter(move || bench.run());
+        });
+    }
+}

benches/benches/bevy_ecs/iteration/par_iter_simple.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use bevy_tasks::{ComputeTaskPool, TaskPool};
+use glam::*;
+
+#[derive(Component, Copy, Clone)]
+struct Transform(Mat4);
+
+#[derive(Component, Copy, Clone)]
+struct Position(Vec3);
+
+#[derive(Component, Copy, Clone)]
+struct Rotation(Vec3);
+
+#[derive(Component, Copy, Clone)]
+struct Velocity(Vec3);
+
+#[derive(Component, Copy, Clone, Default)]
+struct Data<const X: u16>(f32);
+pub struct Benchmark<'w>(World, QueryState<(&'w Velocity, &'w mut Position)>);
+
+fn insert_if_bit_enabled<const B: u16>(entity: &mut EntityWorldMut, i: u16) {
+    if i & 1 << B != 0 {
+        entity.insert(Data::<B>(1.0));
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'w> Benchmark<'w> {
+    pub fn new(fragment: u16) -> Self {
+        ComputeTaskPool::get_or_init(TaskPool::default);
+
+        let mut world = World::new();
+
+        let iter = world.spawn_batch(
+            std::iter::repeat((
+                Transform(Mat4::from_scale(Vec3::ONE)),
+                Position(Vec3::X),
+                Rotation(Vec3::X),
+                Velocity(Vec3::X),
+            ))
+            .take(100_000),
+        );
+        let entities = iter.into_iter().collect::<Vec<Entity>>();
+        for i in 0..fragment {
+            let mut e = world.entity_mut(entities[i as usize]);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<0>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<1>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<2>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<3>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<4>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<5>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<6>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<7>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<8>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<9>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<10>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<11>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<12>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<13>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<14>(&mut e, i);
+            insert_if_bit_enabled::<15>(&mut e, i);
+        }
+
+        let query = world.query::<(&Velocity, &mut Position)>();
+        Self(world, query)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(never)]
+    pub fn run(&mut self) {
+        self.1
+            .par_iter_mut(&mut self.0)
+            .for_each(|(v, mut p)| p.0 += v.0);
+    }
+}

crates/bevy_ecs/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ categories = ["game-engines", "data-structures"]
 
 [features]
 trace = []
-multi-threaded = ["bevy_tasks/multi-threaded"]
+multi-threaded = ["bevy_tasks/multi-threaded", "arrayvec"]
 bevy_debug_stepping = []
 default = ["bevy_reflect"]
 
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ rustc-hash = "1.1"
 serde = "1"
 thiserror = "1.0"
 nonmax = "0.5"
+arrayvec = { version = "0.7.4", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand = "0.8"

crates/bevy_ecs/src/query/state.rs

@@ -1387,58 +1387,99 @@ impl<D: QueryData, F: QueryFilter> QueryState<D, F> {
     ) {
         // NOTE: If you are changing query iteration code, remember to update the following places, where relevant:
         // QueryIter, QueryIterationCursor, QueryManyIter, QueryCombinationIter, QueryState::for_each_unchecked_manual, QueryState::par_for_each_unchecked_manual
+        use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
 
         bevy_tasks::ComputeTaskPool::get().scope(|scope| {
             // SAFETY: We only access table data that has been registered in `self.archetype_component_access`.
             let tables = unsafe { &world.storages().tables };
             let archetypes = world.archetypes();
-            for storage_id in &self.matched_storage_ids {
-                if D::IS_DENSE && F::IS_DENSE {
-                    let table_id = storage_id.table_id;
-                    let table = &tables[table_id];
-                    if table.is_empty() {
-                        continue;
-                    }
+            let mut batch_queue = ArrayVec::new();
+            let mut queue_entity_count = 0;
 
-                    let mut offset = 0;
-                    while offset < table.entity_count() {
+            // submit a list of storages which smaller than batch_size as single task
+            let submit_batch_queue = |queue: &mut ArrayVec<StorageId, 128>| {
+                if queue.is_empty() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let queue = std::mem::take(queue);
                 let mut func = func.clone();
-                        let len = batch_size.min(table.entity_count() - offset);
+                scope.spawn(async move {
+                    #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
+                    let _span = self.par_iter_span.enter();
+                    let mut iter = self.iter_unchecked_manual(world, last_run, this_run);
+                    for storage_id in queue {
+                        if D::IS_DENSE && F::IS_DENSE {
+                            let id = storage_id.table_id;
+                            let table = &world.storages().tables.get(id).debug_checked_unwrap();
+                            iter.for_each_in_table_range(&mut func, table, 0..table.entity_count());
+                        } else {
+                            let id = storage_id.archetype_id;
+                            let archetype = world.archetypes().get(id).debug_checked_unwrap();
+                            iter.for_each_in_archetype_range(
+                                &mut func,
+                                archetype,
+                                0..archetype.len(),
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            };
+
+            // submit single storage larger than batch_size
+            let submit_single = |count, storage_id: StorageId| {
+                for offset in (0..count).step_by(batch_size) {
+                    let mut func = func.clone();
+                    let len = batch_size.min(count - offset);
                     let batch = offset..offset + len;
                     scope.spawn(async move {
                         #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
                         let _span = self.par_iter_span.enter();
-                            let table =
-                                &world.storages().tables.get(table_id).debug_checked_unwrap();
+                        if D::IS_DENSE && F::IS_DENSE {
+                            let id = storage_id.table_id;
+                            let table = world.storages().tables.get(id).debug_checked_unwrap();
                             self.iter_unchecked_manual(world, last_run, this_run)
                                 .for_each_in_table_range(&mut func, table, batch);
-                        });
-                        offset += batch_size;
-                    }
                         } else {
-                    let archetype_id = storage_id.archetype_id;
-                    let archetype = &archetypes[archetype_id];
-                    if archetype.is_empty() {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    let mut offset = 0;
-                    while offset < archetype.len() {
-                        let mut func = func.clone();
-                        let len = batch_size.min(archetype.len() - offset);
-                        let batch = offset..offset + len;
-                        scope.spawn(async move {
-                            #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
-                            let _span = self.par_iter_span.enter();
-                            let archetype =
-                                world.archetypes().get(archetype_id).debug_checked_unwrap();
+                            let id = storage_id.archetype_id;
+                            let archetype = world.archetypes().get(id).debug_checked_unwrap();
                             self.iter_unchecked_manual(world, last_run, this_run)
                                 .for_each_in_archetype_range(&mut func, archetype, batch);
+                        }
                     });
-                        offset += batch_size;
-                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            let storage_entity_count = |storage_id: StorageId| -> usize {
+                if D::IS_DENSE && F::IS_DENSE {
+                    tables[storage_id.table_id].entity_count()
+                } else {
+                    archetypes[storage_id.archetype_id].len()
+                }
+            };
+
+            for storage_id in &self.matched_storage_ids {
+                let count = storage_entity_count(*storage_id);
+
+                // skip empty storage
+                if count == 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // immediately submit large storage
+                if count >= batch_size {
+                    submit_single(count, *storage_id);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // merge small storage
+                batch_queue.push(*storage_id);
+                queue_entity_count += count;
+
+                // submit batch_queue
+                if queue_entity_count >= batch_size || batch_queue.is_full() {
+                    submit_batch_queue(&mut batch_queue);
+                    queue_entity_count = 0;
                 }
             }
+            submit_batch_queue(&mut batch_queue);
         });
     }