Enhance many_cubes stress test use cases (#9596)

# Objective

- Make `many_cubes` suitable for testing various parts of the upcoming
batching work.

## Solution

- Use `argh` for CLI.
- Default to the sphere layout as it is more useful for benchmarking.
- Add a benchmark mode that advances the camera by a fixed step to
render the same frames across runs.
- Add an option to vary the material data per-instance. The color is
randomized.
- Add an option to generate a number of textures and randomly choose one
per instance.
- Use seeded `StdRng` for deterministic random numbers.

Cargo.toml

@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ bytemuck = "1.7"
 # Needed to poll Task examples
 futures-lite = "1.11.3"
 crossbeam-channel = "0.5.0"
+argh = "0.1.12"
 
 [[example]]
 name = "hello_world"

examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs

@@ -3,23 +3,68 @@
 //! To measure performance realistically, be sure to run this in release mode.
 //! `cargo run --example many_cubes --release`
 //!
-//! By default, this arranges the meshes in a cubical pattern, where the number of visible meshes
-//! varies with the viewing angle. You can choose to run the demo with a spherical pattern that
+//! By default, this arranges the meshes in a spherical pattern that
 //! distributes the meshes evenly.
 //!
-//! To start the demo using the spherical layout run
-//! `cargo run --example many_cubes --release sphere`
+//! See `cargo run --example many_cubes --release -- --help` for more options.
 
-use std::f64::consts::PI;
+use std::{f64::consts::PI, str::FromStr};
 
+use argh::FromArgs;
 use bevy::{
     diagnostic::{FrameTimeDiagnosticsPlugin, LogDiagnosticsPlugin},
     math::{DVec2, DVec3},
     prelude::*,
+    render::render_resource::{Extent3d, TextureDimension, TextureFormat},
     window::{PresentMode, WindowPlugin},
 };
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, seq::SliceRandom, Rng, SeedableRng};
+
+#[derive(FromArgs, Resource)]
+/// `many_cubes` stress test
+struct Args {
+    /// how the cube instances should be positioned.
+    #[argh(option, default = "Layout::Sphere")]
+    layout: Layout,
+
+    /// whether to step the camera animation by a fixed amount such that each frame is the same across runs.
+    #[argh(switch)]
+    benchmark: bool,
+
+    /// whether to vary the material data in each instance.
+    #[argh(switch)]
+    vary_material_data: bool,
+
+    /// the number of different textures from which to randomly select the material base color. 0 means no textures.
+    #[argh(option, default = "0")]
+    material_texture_count: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+enum Layout {
+    Cube,
+    #[default]
+    Sphere,
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Layout {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "cube" => Ok(Self::Cube),
+            "sphere" => Ok(Self::Sphere),
+            _ => Err(format!(
+                "Unknown layout value: '{}', valid options: 'cube', 'sphere'",
+                s
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 fn main() {
+    let args: Args = argh::from_env();
+
     App::new()
         .add_plugins((
             DefaultPlugins.set(WindowPlugin {
@@ -32,28 +77,36 @@ fn main() {
             FrameTimeDiagnosticsPlugin,
             LogDiagnosticsPlugin::default(),
         ))
+        .insert_resource(args)
         .add_systems(Startup, setup)
         .add_systems(Update, (move_camera, print_mesh_count))
         .run();
 }
 
+const WIDTH: usize = 200;
+const HEIGHT: usize = 200;
+
 fn setup(
     mut commands: Commands,
+    args: Res<Args>,
     mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
-    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
+    material_assets: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
+    images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
 ) {
     warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));
 
-    const WIDTH: usize = 200;
-    const HEIGHT: usize = 200;
-    let mesh = meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 1.0 }));
-    let material = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
-        base_color: Color::PINK,
-        ..default()
-    });
+    let args = args.into_inner();
+    let images = images.into_inner();
+    let material_assets = material_assets.into_inner();
 
-    match std::env::args().nth(1).as_deref() {
-        Some("sphere") => {
+    let mesh = meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 1.0 }));
+
+    let material_textures = init_textures(args, images);
+    let materials = init_materials(args, &material_textures, material_assets);
+
+    let mut material_rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
+    match args.layout {
+        Layout::Sphere => {
             // NOTE: This pattern is good for testing performance of culling as it provides roughly
             // the same number of visible meshes regardless of the viewing angle.
             const N_POINTS: usize = WIDTH * HEIGHT * 4;
@@ -65,8 +118,8 @@ fn setup(
                     fibonacci_spiral_on_sphere(golden_ratio, i, N_POINTS);
                 let unit_sphere_p = spherical_polar_to_cartesian(spherical_polar_theta_phi);
                 commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-                    mesh: mesh.clone_weak(),
-                    material: material.clone_weak(),
+                    mesh: mesh.clone(),
+                    material: materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone(),
                     transform: Transform::from_translation((radius * unit_sphere_p).as_vec3()),
                     ..default()
                 });
@@ -86,14 +139,14 @@ fn setup(
                     }
                     // cube
                     commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-                        mesh: mesh.clone_weak(),
-                        material: material.clone_weak(),
+                        mesh: mesh.clone(),
+                        material: materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone(),
                         transform: Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * 2.5, (y as f32) * 2.5, 0.0),
                         ..default()
                     });
                     commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-                        mesh: mesh.clone_weak(),
-                        material: material.clone_weak(),
+                        mesh: mesh.clone(),
+                        material: materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone(),
                         transform: Transform::from_xyz(
                             (x as f32) * 2.5,
                             HEIGHT as f32 * 2.5,
@@ -102,14 +155,14 @@ fn setup(
                         ..default()
                     });
                     commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-                        mesh: mesh.clone_weak(),
-                        material: material.clone_weak(),
+                        mesh: mesh.clone(),
+                        material: materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone(),
                         transform: Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * 2.5, 0.0, (y as f32) * 2.5),
                         ..default()
                     });
                     commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-                        mesh: mesh.clone_weak(),
-                        material: material.clone_weak(),
+                        mesh: mesh.clone(),
+                        material: materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone(),
                         transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, (x as f32) * 2.5, (y as f32) * 2.5),
                         ..default()
                     });
@@ -123,22 +176,69 @@ fn setup(
         }
     }
 
-    // add one cube, the only one with strong handles
-    // also serves as a reference point during rotation
-    commands.spawn(PbrBundle {
-        mesh,
-        material,
-        transform: Transform {
-            translation: Vec3::new(0.0, HEIGHT as f32 * 2.5, 0.0),
-            scale: Vec3::splat(5.0),
-            ..default()
-        },
-        ..default()
-    });
-
     commands.spawn(DirectionalLightBundle { ..default() });
 }
 
+fn init_textures(args: &Args, images: &mut Assets<Image>) -> Vec<Handle<Image>> {
+    let mut color_rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
+    let color_bytes: Vec<u8> = (0..(args.material_texture_count * 4))
+        .map(|i| if (i % 4) == 3 { 255 } else { color_rng.gen() })
+        .collect();
+    color_bytes
+        .chunks(4)
+        .map(|pixel| {
+            images.add(Image::new_fill(
+                Extent3d {
+                    width: 1,
+                    height: 1,
+                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                },
+                TextureDimension::D2,
+                pixel,
+                TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
+            ))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn init_materials(
+    args: &Args,
+    textures: &[Handle<Image>],
+    assets: &mut Assets<StandardMaterial>,
+) -> Vec<Handle<StandardMaterial>> {
+    let capacity = if args.vary_material_data {
+        match args.layout {
+            Layout::Cube => (WIDTH - WIDTH / 10) * (HEIGHT - HEIGHT / 10),
+            Layout::Sphere => WIDTH * HEIGHT * 4,
+        }
+    } else {
+        args.material_texture_count
+    }
+    .max(1);
+
+    let mut materials = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
+    materials.push(assets.add(StandardMaterial {
+        base_color: Color::WHITE,
+        base_color_texture: textures.get(0).cloned(),
+        ..default()
+    }));
+
+    let mut color_rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
+    let mut texture_rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(42);
+    materials.extend(
+        std::iter::repeat_with(|| {
+            assets.add(StandardMaterial {
+                base_color: Color::rgb_u8(color_rng.gen(), color_rng.gen(), color_rng.gen()),
+                base_color_texture: textures.choose(&mut texture_rng).cloned(),
+                ..default()
+            })
+        })
+        .take(capacity - materials.len()),
+    );
+
+    materials
+}
+
 // NOTE: This epsilon value is apparently optimal for optimizing for the average
 // nearest-neighbor distance. See:
 // http://extremelearning.com.au/how-to-evenly-distribute-points-on-a-sphere-more-effectively-than-the-canonical-fibonacci-lattice/
@@ -159,9 +259,18 @@ fn spherical_polar_to_cartesian(p: DVec2) -> DVec3 {
 }
 
 // System for rotating the camera
-fn move_camera(time: Res<Time>, mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera>>) {
+fn move_camera(
+    time: Res<Time>,
+    args: Res<Args>,
+    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera>>,
+) {
     let mut camera_transform = camera_query.single_mut();
-    let delta = time.delta_seconds() * 0.15;
+    let delta = 0.15
+        * if args.benchmark {
+            1.0 / 60.0
+        } else {
+            time.delta_seconds()
+        };
     camera_transform.rotate_z(delta);
     camera_transform.rotate_x(delta);
 }