Add to_bits and from_bits functions to AssetIndex (#12127)

# Objective

The `AssetIndex` cannot be carried across boundaries that do not allow
explicit rust types.

For context, I ran into this issue while trying to implent an
improvement for bevy_egui which leverages the not-so-new custom loader
API. Passing through a handle directly isn't possible, but instead it
requires stringified URI s. I had to work around the lack of this API s
existance using reflection, which is rather dirty.

## Solution

- Add `to_bits` and `from_bits` functions to `AssetIndex` to allow
moving this type through such boundaries.

---------

Co-authored-by: Rob Parrett <robparrett@gmail.com>

crates/bevy_asset/src/assets.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,23 @@ pub struct AssetIndex {
     pub(crate) index: u32,
 }
 
+impl AssetIndex {
+    /// Convert the [`AssetIndex`] into an opaque blob of bits to transport it in circumstances where carrying a strongly typed index isn't possible.
+    ///
+    /// The result of this function should not be relied upon for anything except putting it back into [`AssetIndex::from_bits`] to recover the index.
+    pub fn to_bits(self) -> u64 {
+        let Self { generation, index } = self;
+        ((generation as u64) << 32) | index as u64
+    }
+    /// Convert an opaque `u64` acquired from [`AssetIndex::to_bits`] back into an [`AssetIndex`]. This should not be used with any inputs other than those
+    /// derived from [`AssetIndex::to_bits`], as there are no guarantees for what will happen with such inputs.
+    pub fn from_bits(bits: u64) -> Self {
+        let index = ((bits << 32) >> 32) as u32;
+        let generation = (bits >> 32) as u32;
+        Self { generation, index }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Allocates generational [`AssetIndex`] values and facilitates their reuse.
 pub(crate) struct AssetIndexAllocator {
     /// A monotonically increasing index.
@@ -620,3 +637,18 @@ pub struct InvalidGenerationError {
     index: AssetIndex,
     current_generation: u32,
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::AssetIndex;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn asset_index_round_trip() {
+        let asset_index = AssetIndex {
+            generation: 42,
+            index: 1337,
+        };
+        let roundtripped = AssetIndex::from_bits(asset_index.to_bits());
+        assert_eq!(asset_index, roundtripped);
+    }
+}