Add Trigger::components, which lists the component targets that were triggered (#15811)

# Objective

- Closes #14774 

## Solution

Added:

```rust
impl<'w, E, B: Bundle> Trigger<'w, E, B> {
    pub fn components(&self) -> &[ComponentId];
}
```

I went with storing it in the trigger as a `SmallVec<[Component; 1]>`
because a singular target component will be the most common case, and it
remains the same size as `Vec<ComponentId>`.

## Testing

Added a test.

crates/bevy_ecs/Cargo.toml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ derive_more = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
 ] }
 nonmax = "0.5"
 arrayvec = { version = "0.7.4", optional = true }
-smallvec = "1"
+smallvec = { version = "1", features = ["union"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand = "0.8"

crates/bevy_ecs/src/archetype.rs

@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ pub(crate) struct AddBundle {
 }
 
 impl AddBundle {
-    pub(crate) fn iter_inserted(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub(crate) fn iter_inserted(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.added.iter().chain(self.existing.iter()).copied()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn iter_added(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub(crate) fn iter_added(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.added.iter().copied()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn iter_existing(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub(crate) fn iter_existing(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.existing.iter().copied()
     }
 }
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ impl Archetype {
     ///
     /// All of the IDs are unique.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub fn components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.components.indices()
     }
 

crates/bevy_ecs/src/bundle.rs

@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ impl BundleInfo {
     /// Returns an iterator over the [ID](ComponentId) of each component explicitly defined in this bundle (ex: this excludes Required Components).
     /// To iterate all components contributed by this bundle (including Required Components), see [`BundleInfo::iter_contributed_components`]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn iter_explicit_components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub fn iter_explicit_components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.explicit_components().iter().copied()
     }
 
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ impl BundleInfo {
     ///
     /// To iterate only components explicitly defined in this bundle, see [`BundleInfo::iter_explicit_components`]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn iter_contributed_components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + '_ {
+    pub fn iter_contributed_components(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone + '_ {
         self.component_ids.iter().copied()
     }
 

crates/bevy_ecs/src/observer/mod.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use core::{
     marker::PhantomData,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 /// Type containing triggered [`Event`] information for a given run of an [`Observer`]. This contains the
 /// [`Event`] data itself. If it was triggered for a specific [`Entity`], it includes that as well. It also
@@ -70,6 +71,13 @@ impl<'w, E, B: Bundle> Trigger<'w, E, B> {
         self.trigger.entity
     }
 
+    /// Returns the components that triggered the observer, out of the
+    /// components defined in `B`. Does not necessarily include all of them as
+    /// `B` acts like an `OR` filter rather than an `AND` filter.
+    pub fn components(&self) -> &[ComponentId] {
+        &self.trigger.components
+    }
+
     /// Returns the [`Entity`] that observed the triggered event.
     /// This allows you to despawn the observer, ceasing observation.
     ///
@@ -193,14 +201,21 @@ impl ObserverDescriptor {
 pub struct ObserverTrigger {
     /// The [`Entity`] of the observer handling the trigger.
     pub observer: Entity,
-
+    /// The [`Event`] the trigger targeted.
-    /// The [`ComponentId`] the trigger targeted.
     pub event_type: ComponentId,
-
+    /// The [`ComponentId`]s the trigger targeted.
+    components: SmallVec<[ComponentId; 2]>,
     /// The entity the trigger targeted.
     pub entity: Entity,
 }
 
+impl ObserverTrigger {
+    /// Returns the components that the trigger targeted.
+    pub fn components(&self) -> &[ComponentId] {
+        &self.components
+    }
+}
+
 // Map between an observer entity and its runner
 type ObserverMap = EntityHashMap<ObserverRunner>;
 
@@ -262,7 +277,7 @@ impl Observers {
         mut world: DeferredWorld,
         event_type: ComponentId,
         entity: Entity,
-        components: impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId>,
+        components: impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone,
         data: &mut T,
         propagate: &mut bool,
     ) {
@@ -279,12 +294,15 @@ impl Observers {
             (world.into_deferred(), observers)
         };
 
+        let trigger_for_components = components.clone();
+
         let mut trigger_observer = |(&observer, runner): (&Entity, &ObserverRunner)| {
             (runner)(
                 world.reborrow(),
                 ObserverTrigger {
                     observer,
                     event_type,
+                    components: components.clone().collect(),
                     entity,
                 },
                 data.into(),
@@ -302,7 +320,7 @@ impl Observers {
         }
 
         // Trigger observers listening to this trigger targeting a specific component
-        components.for_each(|id| {
+        trigger_for_components.for_each(|id| {
             if let Some(component_observers) = observers.component_observers.get(&id) {
                 component_observers
                     .map
@@ -552,8 +570,10 @@ mod tests {
     use alloc::vec;
 
     use bevy_ptr::OwningPtr;
+    use bevy_utils::HashMap;
 
     use crate as bevy_ecs;
+    use crate::component::ComponentId;
     use crate::{
         observer::{EmitDynamicTrigger, Observer, ObserverDescriptor, ObserverState, OnReplace},
         prelude::*,
@@ -1268,9 +1288,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn observer_invalid_params() {
-        #[derive(Event)]
-        struct EventA;
-
         #[derive(Resource)]
         struct ResA;
 
@@ -1289,9 +1306,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn observer_apply_deferred_from_param_set() {
-        #[derive(Event)]
-        struct EventA;
-
         #[derive(Resource)]
         struct ResA;
 
@@ -1309,4 +1323,35 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(world.get_resource::<ResA>().is_some());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn observer_triggered_components() {
+        #[derive(Resource, Default)]
+        struct Counter(HashMap<ComponentId, usize>);
+
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        world.init_resource::<Counter>();
+        let a_id = world.register_component::<A>();
+        let b_id = world.register_component::<B>();
+
+        world.add_observer(
+            |trigger: Trigger<EventA, (A, B)>, mut counter: ResMut<Counter>| {
+                for &component in trigger.components() {
+                    *counter.0.entry(component).or_default() += 1;
+                }
+            },
+        );
+        world.flush();
+
+        world.trigger_targets(EventA, [a_id, b_id]);
+        world.trigger_targets(EventA, a_id);
+        world.trigger_targets(EventA, b_id);
+        world.trigger_targets(EventA, [a_id, b_id]);
+        world.trigger_targets(EventA, a_id);
+        world.flush();
+
+        let counter = world.resource::<Counter>();
+        assert_eq!(4, *counter.0.get(&a_id).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(3, *counter.0.get(&b_id).unwrap());
+    }
 }

crates/bevy_ecs/src/storage/sparse_set.rs

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_sparse_set {
             }
 
             /// Returns an iterator visiting all keys (indices) in arbitrary order.
-            pub fn indices(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = I> + '_ {
+            pub fn indices(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = I> + Clone + '_ {
                 self.indices.iter().cloned()
             }
 

crates/bevy_ecs/src/world/deferred_world.rs

@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ impl<'w> DeferredWorld<'w> {
         &mut self,
         event: ComponentId,
         entity: Entity,
-        components: impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId>,
+        components: impl Iterator<Item = ComponentId> + Clone,
     ) {
         Observers::invoke::<_>(
             self.reborrow(),