fix: upgrade to winit v0.30 (#13366)

# Objective

- Upgrade winit to v0.30
- Fixes https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/13331

## Solution

This is a rewrite/adaptation of the new trait system described and
implemented in `winit` v0.30.

## Migration Guide

The custom UserEvent is now renamed as WakeUp, used to wake up the loop
if anything happens outside the app (a new
[custom_user_event](https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/pull/13366/files#diff-2de8c0a8d3028d0059a3d80ae31b2bbc1cde2595ce2d317ea378fe3e0cf6ef2d)
shows this behavior.

The internal `UpdateState` has been removed and replaced internally by
the AppLifecycle. When changed, the AppLifecycle is sent as an event.

The `UpdateMode` now accepts only two values: `Continuous` and
`Reactive`, but the latter exposes 3 new properties to enable reactive
to device, user or window events. The previous `UpdateMode::Reactive` is
now equivalent to `UpdateMode::reactive()`, while
`UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower` to `UpdateMode::reactive_low_power()`.

The `ApplicationLifecycle` has been renamed as `AppLifecycle`, and now
contains the possible values of the application state inside the event
loop:
* `Idle`: the loop has not started yet
* `Running` (previously called `Started`): the loop is running
* `WillSuspend`: the loop is going to be suspended
* `Suspended`: the loop is suspended
* `WillResume`: the loop is going to be resumed

Note: the `Resumed` state has been removed since the resumed app is just
running.

Finally, now that `winit` enables this, it extends the `WinitPlugin` to
support custom events.

## Test platforms

- [x] Windows
- [x] MacOs
- [x] Linux (x11)
- [x] Linux (Wayland)
- [x] Android
- [x] iOS
- [x] WASM/WebGPU
- [x] WASM/WebGL2

## Outstanding issues / regressions

- [ ] iOS: build failed in CI
   - blocking, but may just be flakiness
- [x] Cross-platform: when the window is maximised, changes in the scale
factor don't apply, to make them apply one has to make the window
smaller again. (Re-maximising keeps the updated scale factor)
    - non-blocking, but good to fix
- [ ] Android: it's pretty easy to quickly open and close the app and
then the music keeps playing when suspended.
    - non-blocking but worrying
- [ ]  Web: the application will hang when switching tabs
- Not new, duplicate of https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/13486
- [ ] Cross-platform?: Screenshot failure, `ERROR present_frames:
wgpu_core::present: No work has been submitted for this frame before`
taking the first screenshot, but after pressing space
    - non-blocking, but good to fix

---------

Co-authored-by: François <francois.mockers@vleue.com>

Cargo.toml

@@ -359,6 +359,10 @@ argh = "0.1.12"
 thiserror = "1.0"
 event-listener = "5.3.0"
 
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dev-dependencies]
+wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.2" }
+web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["Window"] }
+
 [[example]]
 name = "hello_world"
 path = "examples/hello_world.rs"
@@ -2836,6 +2840,17 @@ description = "Creates a solid color window"
 category = "Window"
 wasm = true
 
+[[example]]
+name = "custom_user_event"
+path = "examples/window/custom_user_event.rs"
+doc-scrape-examples = true
+
+[package.metadata.example.custom_user_event]
+name = "Custom User Event"
+description = "Handles custom user events within the event loop"
+category = "Window"
+wasm = true
+
 [[example]]
 name = "low_power"
 path = "examples/window/low_power.rs"

crates/bevy_a11y/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ bevy_app = { path = "../bevy_app", version = "0.14.0-dev" }
 bevy_derive = { path = "../bevy_derive", version = "0.14.0-dev" }
 bevy_ecs = { path = "../bevy_ecs", version = "0.14.0-dev" }
 
-accesskit = "0.12"
+accesskit = "0.14"
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true

crates/bevy_internal/src/default_plugins.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl PluginGroup for DefaultPlugins {
 
         #[cfg(feature = "bevy_winit")]
         {
-            group = group.add(bevy_winit::WinitPlugin::default());
+            group = group.add::<bevy_winit::WinitPlugin>(bevy_winit::WinitPlugin::default());
         }
 
         #[cfg(feature = "bevy_render")]

crates/bevy_render/src/lib.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ use bevy_utils::prelude::default;
 pub use extract_param::Extract;
 
 use bevy_hierarchy::ValidParentCheckPlugin;
-use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, RawHandleWrapper};
+use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, RawHandleWrapperHolder};
 use extract_resource::ExtractResourcePlugin;
 use globals::GlobalsPlugin;
 use render_asset::RenderAssetBytesPerFrame;
@@ -268,10 +268,9 @@ impl Plugin for RenderPlugin {
                     ));
 
                     let mut system_state: SystemState<
-                        Query<&RawHandleWrapper, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
+                        Query<&RawHandleWrapperHolder, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
                     > = SystemState::new(app.world_mut());
                     let primary_window = system_state.get(app.world()).get_single().ok().cloned();
-
                     let settings = render_creation.clone();
                     let async_renderer = async move {
                         let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
@@ -282,11 +281,20 @@ impl Plugin for RenderPlugin {
                         });
 
                         // SAFETY: Plugins should be set up on the main thread.
-                        let surface = primary_window.map(|wrapper| unsafe {
+                        let surface = primary_window.and_then(|wrapper| unsafe {
+                            let maybe_handle = wrapper.0.lock().expect(
+                                "Couldn't get the window handle in time for renderer initialization",
+                            );
+                            if let Some(wrapper) = maybe_handle.as_ref() {
                                 let handle = wrapper.get_handle();
+                                Some(
                                     instance
                                         .create_surface(handle)
-                                .expect("Failed to create wgpu surface")
+                                        .expect("Failed to create wgpu surface"),
+                                )
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            }
                         });
 
                         let request_adapter_options = wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {

crates/bevy_tasks/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ concurrent-queue = { version = "2.0.0", optional = true }
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-web-time = { version = "0.2" }
+web-time = { version = "1.1" }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true

crates/bevy_utils/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ detailed_trace = []
 [dependencies]
 ahash = "0.8.7"
 tracing = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-web-time = { version = "0.2" }
+web-time = { version = "1.1" }
 hashbrown = { version = "0.14", features = ["serde"] }
 bevy_utils_proc_macros = { version = "0.14.0-dev", path = "macros" }
 thread_local = "1.0"

crates/bevy_window/src/event.rs

@@ -388,13 +388,28 @@ pub struct WindowThemeChanged {
     derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize),
     reflect(Serialize, Deserialize)
 )]
-pub enum ApplicationLifetime {
+pub enum AppLifecycle {
-    /// The application just started.
+    /// The application is not started yet.
-    Started,
+    Idle,
+    /// The application is running.
+    Running,
+    /// The application is going to be suspended.
+    /// Applications have one frame to react to this event before being paused in the background.
+    WillSuspend,
     /// The application was suspended.
-    ///
-    /// On Android, applications have one frame to react to this event before being paused in the background.
     Suspended,
-    /// The application was resumed.
+    /// The application is going to be resumed.
-    Resumed,
+    /// Applications have one extra frame to react to this event before being fully resumed.
+    WillResume,
+}
+
+impl AppLifecycle {
+    /// Return `true` if the app can be updated.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Idle | Self::Suspended => false,
+            Self::Running | Self::WillSuspend | Self::WillResume => true,
+        }
+    }
 }

crates/bevy_window/src/lib.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 //! The [`WindowPlugin`] sets up some global window-related parameters and
 //! is part of the [`DefaultPlugins`](https://docs.rs/bevy/latest/bevy/struct.DefaultPlugins.html).
 
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
 use bevy_a11y::Focus;
 
 mod cursor;
@@ -106,13 +108,16 @@ impl Plugin for WindowPlugin {
             .add_event::<FileDragAndDrop>()
             .add_event::<WindowMoved>()
             .add_event::<WindowThemeChanged>()
-            .add_event::<ApplicationLifetime>();
+            .add_event::<AppLifecycle>();
 
         if let Some(primary_window) = &self.primary_window {
             let initial_focus = app
                 .world_mut()
                 .spawn(primary_window.clone())
-                .insert(PrimaryWindow)
+                .insert((
+                    PrimaryWindow,
+                    RawHandleWrapperHolder(Arc::new(Mutex::new(None))),
+                ))
                 .id();
             if let Some(mut focus) = app.world_mut().get_resource_mut::<Focus>() {
                 **focus = Some(initial_focus);
@@ -153,7 +158,7 @@ impl Plugin for WindowPlugin {
             .register_type::<FileDragAndDrop>()
             .register_type::<WindowMoved>()
             .register_type::<WindowThemeChanged>()
-            .register_type::<ApplicationLifetime>();
+            .register_type::<AppLifecycle>();
 
         // Register window descriptor and related types
         app.register_type::<Window>()

crates/bevy_window/src/raw_handle.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ use raw_window_handle::{
     DisplayHandle, HandleError, HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle, RawDisplayHandle,
     RawWindowHandle, WindowHandle,
 };
-use std::{any::Any, marker::PhantomData, ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    any::Any,
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    ops::Deref,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
 
 /// A wrapper over a window.
 ///
@@ -116,3 +121,7 @@ impl HasDisplayHandle for ThreadLockedRawWindowHandleWrapper {
         Ok(unsafe { DisplayHandle::borrow_raw(self.0.display_handle) })
     }
 }
+
+/// Holder of the [`RawHandleWrapper`] with wrappers, to allow use in asynchronous context
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component)]
+pub struct RawHandleWrapperHolder(pub Arc<Mutex<Option<RawHandleWrapper>>>);

crates/bevy_window/src/window.rs

@@ -687,10 +687,10 @@ impl Default for WindowResolution {
 
 impl WindowResolution {
     /// Creates a new [`WindowResolution`].
-    pub fn new(logical_width: f32, logical_height: f32) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(physical_width: f32, physical_height: f32) -> Self {
         Self {
-            physical_width: logical_width as u32,
+            physical_width: physical_width as u32,
-            physical_height: logical_height as u32,
+            physical_height: physical_height as u32,
             ..Default::default()
         }
     }
@@ -783,9 +783,7 @@ impl WindowResolution {
     /// Set the window's scale factor, this may get overridden by the backend.
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_scale_factor(&mut self, scale_factor: f32) {
-        let (width, height) = (self.width(), self.height());
         self.scale_factor = scale_factor;
-        self.set(width, height);
     }
 
     /// Set the window's scale factor, this will be used over what the backend decides.
@@ -794,9 +792,7 @@ impl WindowResolution {
     /// size is not within the limits.
     #[inline]
     pub fn set_scale_factor_override(&mut self, scale_factor_override: Option<f32>) {
-        let (width, height) = (self.width(), self.height());
         self.scale_factor_override = scale_factor_override;
-        self.set(width, height);
     }
 }
 

crates/bevy_winit/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ bevy_tasks = { path = "../bevy_tasks", version = "0.14.0-dev" }
 
 # other
 # feature rwh_06 refers to window_raw_handle@v0.6
-winit = { version = "0.29", default-features = false, features = ["rwh_06"] }
+winit = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["rwh_06"] }
-accesskit_winit = { version = "0.17", default-features = false, features = [
+accesskit_winit = { version = "0.20", default-features = false, features = [
   "rwh_06",
 ] }
 approx = { version = "0.5", default-features = false }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ raw-window-handle = "0.6"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
-winit = { version = "0.29", default-features = false, features = [
+winit = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = [
   "android-native-activity",
   "rwh_06",
 ] }

crates/bevy_winit/src/accessibility.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use accesskit_winit::Adapter;
+use bevy_a11y::accesskit::{ActivationHandler, DeactivationHandler, Node};
 use bevy_a11y::{
-    accesskit::{
+    accesskit::{ActionHandler, ActionRequest, NodeBuilder, NodeId, Role, Tree, TreeUpdate},
-        ActionHandler, ActionRequest, NodeBuilder, NodeClassSet, NodeId, Role, Tree, TreeUpdate,
-    },
     AccessibilityNode, AccessibilityRequested, AccessibilitySystem, Focus,
 };
 use bevy_a11y::{ActionRequest as ActionRequestWrapper, ManageAccessibilityUpdates};
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
     prelude::{DetectChanges, Entity, EventReader, EventWriter},
     query::With,
     schedule::IntoSystemConfigs,
-    system::{NonSend, NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut, Resource},
+    system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut, Resource},
 };
 use bevy_hierarchy::{Children, Parent};
 use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, Window, WindowClosed};
@@ -29,13 +28,78 @@ use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, Window, WindowClosed};
 #[derive(Default, Deref, DerefMut)]
 pub struct AccessKitAdapters(pub EntityHashMap<Adapter>);
 
-/// Maps window entities to their respective [`WinitActionHandler`]s.
+/// Maps window entities to their respective [`WinitActionRequests`]s.
 #[derive(Resource, Default, Deref, DerefMut)]
-pub struct WinitActionHandlers(pub EntityHashMap<WinitActionHandler>);
+pub struct WinitActionRequestHandlers(pub EntityHashMap<Arc<Mutex<WinitActionRequestHandler>>>);
 
 /// Forwards `AccessKit` [`ActionRequest`]s from winit to an event channel.
 #[derive(Clone, Default, Deref, DerefMut)]
-pub struct WinitActionHandler(pub Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<ActionRequest>>>);
+pub struct WinitActionRequestHandler(pub VecDeque<ActionRequest>);
+
+impl WinitActionRequestHandler {
+    fn new() -> Arc<Mutex<Self>> {
+        Arc::new(Mutex::new(Self(VecDeque::new())))
+    }
+}
+
+struct AccessKitState {
+    name: String,
+    entity: Entity,
+    requested: AccessibilityRequested,
+}
+
+impl AccessKitState {
+    fn new(
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+        entity: Entity,
+        requested: AccessibilityRequested,
+    ) -> Arc<Mutex<Self>> {
+        let name = name.into();
+
+        Arc::new(Mutex::new(Self {
+            name,
+            entity,
+            requested,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    fn build_root(&mut self) -> Node {
+        let mut builder = NodeBuilder::new(Role::Window);
+        builder.set_name(self.name.clone());
+        builder.build()
+    }
+
+    fn build_initial_tree(&mut self) -> TreeUpdate {
+        let root = self.build_root();
+        let accesskit_window_id = NodeId(self.entity.to_bits());
+        let mut tree = Tree::new(accesskit_window_id);
+        tree.app_name = Some(self.name.clone());
+        self.requested.set(true);
+
+        TreeUpdate {
+            nodes: vec![(accesskit_window_id, root)],
+            tree: Some(tree),
+            focus: accesskit_window_id,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct WinitActivationHandler(Arc<Mutex<AccessKitState>>);
+
+impl ActivationHandler for WinitActivationHandler {
+    fn request_initial_tree(&mut self) -> Option<TreeUpdate> {
+        Some(self.0.lock().unwrap().build_initial_tree())
+    }
+}
+
+impl WinitActivationHandler {
+    pub fn new(state: Arc<Mutex<AccessKitState>>) -> Self {
+        Self(state)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+struct WinitActionHandler(Arc<Mutex<WinitActionRequestHandler>>);
 
 impl ActionHandler for WinitActionHandler {
     fn do_action(&mut self, request: ActionRequest) {
@@ -44,6 +108,18 @@ impl ActionHandler for WinitActionHandler {
     }
 }
 
+impl WinitActionHandler {
+    pub fn new(handler: Arc<Mutex<WinitActionRequestHandler>>) -> Self {
+        Self(handler)
+    }
+}
+
+struct WinitDeactivationHandler;
+
+impl DeactivationHandler for WinitDeactivationHandler {
+    fn deactivate_accessibility(&mut self) {}
+}
+
 /// Prepares accessibility for a winit window.
 pub(crate) fn prepare_accessibility_for_window(
     winit_window: &winit::window::Window,
@@ -51,43 +127,39 @@ pub(crate) fn prepare_accessibility_for_window(
     name: String,
     accessibility_requested: AccessibilityRequested,
     adapters: &mut AccessKitAdapters,
-    handlers: &mut WinitActionHandlers,
+    handlers: &mut WinitActionRequestHandlers,
 ) {
-    let mut root_builder = NodeBuilder::new(Role::Window);
+    let state = AccessKitState::new(name, entity, accessibility_requested);
-    root_builder.set_name(name.into_boxed_str());
+    let activation_handler = WinitActivationHandler::new(Arc::clone(&state));
-    let root = root_builder.build(&mut NodeClassSet::lock_global());
 
-    let accesskit_window_id = NodeId(entity.to_bits());
+    let action_request_handler = WinitActionRequestHandler::new();
-    let handler = WinitActionHandler::default();
+    let action_handler = WinitActionHandler::new(Arc::clone(&action_request_handler));
-    let adapter = Adapter::with_action_handler(
+    let deactivation_handler = WinitDeactivationHandler;
+
+    let adapter = Adapter::with_direct_handlers(
         winit_window,
-        move || {
+        activation_handler,
-            accessibility_requested.set(true);
+        action_handler,
-            TreeUpdate {
+        deactivation_handler,
-                nodes: vec![(accesskit_window_id, root)],
-                tree: Some(Tree::new(accesskit_window_id)),
-                focus: accesskit_window_id,
-            }
-        },
-        Box::new(handler.clone()),
     );
+
     adapters.insert(entity, adapter);
-    handlers.insert(entity, handler);
+    handlers.insert(entity, action_request_handler);
 }
 
 fn window_closed(
     mut adapters: NonSendMut<AccessKitAdapters>,
-    mut receivers: ResMut<WinitActionHandlers>,
+    mut handlers: ResMut<WinitActionRequestHandlers>,
     mut events: EventReader<WindowClosed>,
 ) {
     for WindowClosed { window, .. } in events.read() {
         adapters.remove(window);
-        receivers.remove(window);
+        handlers.remove(window);
     }
 }
 
 fn poll_receivers(
-    handlers: Res<WinitActionHandlers>,
+    handlers: Res<WinitActionRequestHandlers>,
     mut actions: EventWriter<ActionRequestWrapper>,
 ) {
     for (_id, handler) in handlers.iter() {
@@ -106,7 +178,7 @@ fn should_update_accessibility_nodes(
 }
 
 fn update_accessibility_nodes(
-    adapters: NonSend<AccessKitAdapters>,
+    mut adapters: NonSendMut<AccessKitAdapters>,
     focus: Res<Focus>,
     primary_window: Query<(Entity, &Window), With<PrimaryWindow>>,
     nodes: Query<(
@@ -120,7 +192,7 @@ fn update_accessibility_nodes(
     let Ok((primary_window_id, primary_window)) = primary_window.get_single() else {
         return;
     };
-    let Some(adapter) = adapters.get(&primary_window_id) else {
+    let Some(adapter) = adapters.get_mut(&primary_window_id) else {
         return;
     };
     if focus.is_changed() || !nodes.is_empty() {
@@ -155,7 +227,7 @@ fn update_adapter(
         queue_node_for_update(entity, parent, &node_entities, &mut window_children);
         add_children_nodes(children, &node_entities, &mut node);
         let node_id = NodeId(entity.to_bits());
-        let node = node.build(&mut NodeClassSet::lock_global());
+        let node = node.build();
         to_update.push((node_id, node));
     }
     let mut window_node = NodeBuilder::new(Role::Window);
@@ -164,7 +236,7 @@ fn update_adapter(
         window_node.set_name(title.into_boxed_str());
     }
     window_node.set_children(window_children);
-    let window_node = window_node.build(&mut NodeClassSet::lock_global());
+    let window_node = window_node.build();
     let node_id = NodeId(primary_window_id.to_bits());
     let window_update = (node_id, window_node);
     to_update.insert(0, window_update);
@@ -214,7 +286,7 @@ pub struct AccessKitPlugin;
 impl Plugin for AccessKitPlugin {
     fn build(&self, app: &mut App) {
         app.init_non_send_resource::<AccessKitAdapters>()
-            .init_resource::<WinitActionHandlers>()
+            .init_resource::<WinitActionRequestHandlers>()
             .add_event::<ActionRequestWrapper>()
             .add_systems(
                 PostUpdate,

crates/bevy_winit/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,60 +12,33 @@
 //! The app's [runner](bevy_app::App::runner) is set by `WinitPlugin` and handles the `winit` [`EventLoop`].
 //! See `winit_runner` for details.
 
-pub mod accessibility;
+use bevy_window::RawHandleWrapperHolder;
-mod converters;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
-mod system;
+use winit::event_loop::EventLoop;
-mod winit_config;
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-pub mod winit_event;
+pub use winit::platform::android::activity as android_activity;
-mod winit_windows;
 
-use std::sync::mpsc::{sync_channel, SyncSender};
-
-use approx::relative_eq;
 use bevy_a11y::AccessibilityRequested;
-use bevy_utils::Instant;
+use bevy_app::{App, Last, Plugin};
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+use bevy_window::{exit_on_all_closed, Window, WindowCreated};
 pub use system::create_windows;
-use system::{changed_windows, despawn_windows, CachedWindow};
+use system::{changed_windows, despawn_windows};
-use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
 pub use winit_config::*;
 pub use winit_event::*;
 pub use winit_windows::*;
 
-use bevy_app::{App, AppExit, Last, Plugin, PluginsState};
+use crate::accessibility::{AccessKitAdapters, AccessKitPlugin, WinitActionRequestHandlers};
-use bevy_ecs::event::ManualEventReader;
+use crate::state::winit_runner;
-use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
-use bevy_ecs::system::SystemState;
-use bevy_input::{
-    mouse::{MouseButtonInput, MouseMotion, MouseScrollUnit, MouseWheel},
-    touchpad::{TouchpadMagnify, TouchpadRotate},
-};
-use bevy_math::{ivec2, DVec2, Vec2};
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-use bevy_tasks::tick_global_task_pools_on_main_thread;
-use bevy_utils::tracing::{error, trace, warn};
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-use bevy_window::{
-    exit_on_all_closed, ApplicationLifetime, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved,
-    FileDragAndDrop, Ime, ReceivedCharacter, RequestRedraw, Window,
-    WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged, WindowCloseRequested, WindowCreated, WindowDestroyed,
-    WindowFocused, WindowMoved, WindowOccluded, WindowResized, WindowScaleFactorChanged,
-    WindowThemeChanged,
-};
-#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, RawHandleWrapper};
 
-#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub mod accessibility;
-pub use winit::platform::android::activity as android_activity;
+mod converters;
-
+mod state;
-use winit::event::StartCause;
+mod system;
-use winit::{
+mod winit_config;
-    event::{self, DeviceEvent, Event, WindowEvent},
+pub mod winit_event;
-    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop, EventLoopBuilder, EventLoopWindowTarget},
+mod winit_windows;
-};
-
-use crate::accessibility::{AccessKitAdapters, AccessKitPlugin, WinitActionHandlers};
-
-use crate::converters::convert_winit_theme;
 
 /// [`AndroidApp`] provides an interface to query the application state as well as monitor events
 /// (for example lifecycle and input events).
@@ -79,8 +52,11 @@ pub static ANDROID_APP: std::sync::OnceLock<android_activity::AndroidApp> =
 /// This plugin will add systems and resources that sync with the `winit` backend and also
 /// replace the existing [`App`] runner with one that constructs an [event loop](EventLoop) to
 /// receive window and input events from the OS.
+///
+/// The `T` event type can be used to pass custom events to the `winit`'s loop, and handled as events
+/// in systems.
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct WinitPlugin {
+pub struct WinitPlugin<T: Event = WakeUp> {
     /// Allows the window (and the event loop) to be created on any thread
     /// instead of only the main thread.
     ///
@@ -91,18 +67,23 @@ pub struct WinitPlugin {
     /// Only works on Linux (X11/Wayland) and Windows.
     /// This field is ignored on other platforms.
     pub run_on_any_thread: bool,
+    marker: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
-impl Plugin for WinitPlugin {
+impl<T: Event> Plugin for WinitPlugin<T> {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bevy_winit::WinitPlugin"
+    }
+
     fn build(&self, app: &mut App) {
-        let mut event_loop_builder = EventLoopBuilder::<UserEvent>::with_user_event();
+        let mut event_loop_builder = EventLoop::<T>::with_user_event();
 
         // linux check is needed because x11 might be enabled on other platforms.
         #[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", feature = "x11"))]
         {
             use winit::platform::x11::EventLoopBuilderExtX11;
 
-            // This allows a Bevy app to be started and ran outside of the main thread.
+            // This allows a Bevy app to be started and ran outside the main thread.
             // A use case for this is to allow external applications to spawn a thread
             // which runs a Bevy app without requiring the Bevy app to need to reside on
             // the main thread, which can be problematic.
@@ -132,7 +113,7 @@ impl Plugin for WinitPlugin {
         app.init_non_send_resource::<WinitWindows>()
             .init_resource::<WinitSettings>()
             .add_event::<WinitEvent>()
-            .set_runner(winit_runner)
+            .set_runner(winit_runner::<T>)
             .add_systems(
                 Last,
                 (
@@ -150,691 +131,50 @@ impl Plugin for WinitPlugin {
             .build()
             .expect("Failed to build event loop");
 
-        // iOS, macOS, and Android don't like it if you create windows before the event loop is
-        // initialized.
-        //
-        // See:
-        // - https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/README.md#macos
-        // - https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/blob/master/README.md#ios
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos")))]
-        {
-            // Otherwise, we want to create a window before `bevy_render` initializes the renderer
-            // so that we have a surface to use as a hint. This improves compatibility with `wgpu`
-            // backends, especially WASM/WebGL2.
-            let mut create_window = SystemState::<CreateWindowParams>::from_world(app.world_mut());
-            create_windows(&event_loop, create_window.get_mut(app.world_mut()));
-            create_window.apply(app.world_mut());
-        }
-
         // `winit`'s windows are bound to the event loop that created them, so the event loop must
         // be inserted as a resource here to pass it onto the runner.
         app.insert_non_send_resource(event_loop);
     }
 }
 
-trait AppSendEvent {
+/// The default event that can be used to wake the window loop
-    fn send(&mut self, event: impl Into<WinitEvent>);
+/// Wakes up the loop if in wait state
-}
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Event)]
-impl AppSendEvent for Vec<WinitEvent> {
+pub struct WakeUp;
-    fn send(&mut self, event: impl Into<WinitEvent>) {
-        self.push(Into::<WinitEvent>::into(event));
-    }
-}
-
-/// Persistent state that is used to run the [`App`] according to the current
-/// [`UpdateMode`].
-struct WinitAppRunnerState {
-    /// Current activity state of the app.
-    activity_state: UpdateState,
-    /// Current update mode of the app.
-    update_mode: UpdateMode,
-    /// Is `true` if a new [`WindowEvent`] has been received since the last update.
-    window_event_received: bool,
-    /// Is `true` if a new [`DeviceEvent`] has been received since the last update.
-    device_event_received: bool,
-    /// Is `true` if the app has requested a redraw since the last update.
-    redraw_requested: bool,
-    /// Is `true` if enough time has elapsed since `last_update` to run another update.
-    wait_elapsed: bool,
-    /// Number of "forced" updates to trigger on application start
-    startup_forced_updates: u32,
-}
-
-impl WinitAppRunnerState {
-    fn reset_on_update(&mut self) {
-        self.window_event_received = false;
-        self.device_event_received = false;
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for WinitAppRunnerState {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            activity_state: UpdateState::NotYetStarted,
-            update_mode: UpdateMode::Continuous,
-            window_event_received: false,
-            device_event_received: false,
-            redraw_requested: false,
-            wait_elapsed: false,
-            // 3 seems to be enough, 5 is a safe margin
-            startup_forced_updates: 5,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-enum UpdateState {
-    NotYetStarted,
-    Active,
-    Suspended,
-    WillSuspend,
-    WillResume,
-}
-
-impl UpdateState {
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::NotYetStarted | Self::Suspended => false,
-            Self::Active | Self::WillSuspend | Self::WillResume => true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The parameters of the [`create_windows`] system.
-pub type CreateWindowParams<'w, 's, F = ()> = (
-    Commands<'w, 's>,
-    Query<'w, 's, (Entity, &'static mut Window), F>,
-    EventWriter<'w, WindowCreated>,
-    NonSendMut<'w, WinitWindows>,
-    NonSendMut<'w, AccessKitAdapters>,
-    ResMut<'w, WinitActionHandlers>,
-    Res<'w, AccessibilityRequested>,
-);
 
 /// The [`winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy`] with the specific [`winit::event::Event::UserEvent`] used in the [`winit_runner`].
 ///
 /// The `EventLoopProxy` can be used to request a redraw from outside bevy.
 ///
 /// Use `NonSend<EventLoopProxy>` to receive this resource.
-pub type EventLoopProxy = winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy<UserEvent>;
+pub type EventLoopProxy<T> = winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy<T>;
 
-type UserEvent = RequestRedraw;
+trait AppSendEvent {
-
+    fn send(&mut self, event: impl Into<WinitEvent>);
-/// The default [`App::runner`] for the [`WinitPlugin`] plugin.
-///
-/// Overriding the app's [runner](bevy_app::App::runner) while using `WinitPlugin` will bypass the
-/// `EventLoop`.
-pub fn winit_runner(mut app: App) -> AppExit {
-    if app.plugins_state() == PluginsState::Ready {
-        app.finish();
-        app.cleanup();
-    }
-
-    let event_loop = app
-        .world_mut()
-        .remove_non_send_resource::<EventLoop<UserEvent>>()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    app.world_mut()
-        .insert_non_send_resource(event_loop.create_proxy());
-
-    let mut runner_state = WinitAppRunnerState::default();
-
-    // Create a channel with a size of 1, since ideally only one exit code will be sent before exiting the app.
-    let (exit_sender, exit_receiver) = sync_channel(1);
-
-    // prepare structures to access data in the world
-    let mut redraw_event_reader = ManualEventReader::<RequestRedraw>::default();
-
-    let mut focused_windows_state: SystemState<(Res<WinitSettings>, Query<(Entity, &Window)>)> =
-        SystemState::new(app.world_mut());
-
-    let mut event_writer_system_state: SystemState<(
-        EventWriter<WindowResized>,
-        NonSend<WinitWindows>,
-        Query<(&mut Window, &mut CachedWindow)>,
-        NonSend<AccessKitAdapters>,
-    )> = SystemState::new(app.world_mut());
-
-    let mut create_window =
-        SystemState::<CreateWindowParams<Added<Window>>>::from_world(app.world_mut());
-    let mut winit_events = Vec::default();
-    // set up the event loop
-    let event_handler = move |event, event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<UserEvent>| {
-        // The event loop is in the process of exiting, so don't deliver any new events
-        if event_loop.exiting() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        handle_winit_event(
-            &mut app,
-            &mut runner_state,
-            &mut create_window,
-            &mut event_writer_system_state,
-            &mut focused_windows_state,
-            &mut redraw_event_reader,
-            &mut winit_events,
-            &exit_sender,
-            event,
-            event_loop,
-        );
-    };
-
-    trace!("starting winit event loop");
-    // TODO(clean): the winit docs mention using `spawn` instead of `run` on WASM.
-    if let Err(err) = event_loop.run(event_handler) {
-        error!("winit event loop returned an error: {err}");
-    }
-
-    // If everything is working correctly then the event loop only exits after it's sent a exit code.
-    exit_receiver
-        .try_recv()
-        .map_err(|err| error!("Failed to receive a app exit code! This is a bug. Reason: {err}"))
-        .unwrap_or(AppExit::error())
 }
 
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments /* TODO: probs can reduce # of args */)]
+impl AppSendEvent for Vec<WinitEvent> {
-fn handle_winit_event(
+    fn send(&mut self, event: impl Into<WinitEvent>) {
-    app: &mut App,
+        self.push(Into::<WinitEvent>::into(event));
-    runner_state: &mut WinitAppRunnerState,
-    create_window: &mut SystemState<CreateWindowParams<Added<Window>>>,
-    event_writer_system_state: &mut SystemState<(
-        EventWriter<WindowResized>,
-        NonSend<WinitWindows>,
-        Query<(&mut Window, &mut CachedWindow)>,
-        NonSend<AccessKitAdapters>,
-    )>,
-    focused_windows_state: &mut SystemState<(Res<WinitSettings>, Query<(Entity, &Window)>)>,
-    redraw_event_reader: &mut ManualEventReader<RequestRedraw>,
-    winit_events: &mut Vec<WinitEvent>,
-    exit_notify: &SyncSender<AppExit>,
-    event: Event<UserEvent>,
-    event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<UserEvent>,
-) {
-    #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
-    let _span = bevy_utils::tracing::info_span!("winit event_handler").entered();
-
-    if app.plugins_state() != PluginsState::Cleaned {
-        if app.plugins_state() != PluginsState::Ready {
-            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-            tick_global_task_pools_on_main_thread();
-        } else {
-            app.finish();
-            app.cleanup();
-        }
-        runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-    }
-
-    // create any new windows
-    // (even if app did not update, some may have been created by plugin setup)
-    create_windows(event_loop, create_window.get_mut(app.world_mut()));
-    create_window.apply(app.world_mut());
-
-    match event {
-        Event::AboutToWait => {
-            if let Some(app_redraw_events) = app.world().get_resource::<Events<RequestRedraw>>() {
-                if redraw_event_reader.read(app_redraw_events).last().is_some() {
-                    runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            let (config, windows) = focused_windows_state.get(app.world());
-            let focused = windows.iter().any(|(_, window)| window.focused);
-
-            let mut update_mode = config.update_mode(focused);
-            let mut should_update = should_update(runner_state, update_mode);
-
-            if runner_state.startup_forced_updates > 0 {
-                runner_state.startup_forced_updates -= 1;
-                // Ensure that an update is triggered on the first iterations for app initialization
-                should_update = true;
-            }
-
-            if runner_state.activity_state == UpdateState::WillSuspend {
-                runner_state.activity_state = UpdateState::Suspended;
-                // Trigger one last update to enter the suspended state
-                should_update = true;
-
-                #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-                {
-                    // Remove the `RawHandleWrapper` from the primary window.
-                    // This will trigger the surface destruction.
-                    let mut query = app
-                        .world_mut()
-                        .query_filtered::<Entity, With<PrimaryWindow>>();
-                    let entity = query.single(&app.world());
-                    app.world_mut()
-                        .entity_mut(entity)
-                        .remove::<RawHandleWrapper>();
-                }
-            }
-
-            if runner_state.activity_state == UpdateState::WillResume {
-                runner_state.activity_state = UpdateState::Active;
-                // Trigger the update to enter the active state
-                should_update = true;
-                // Trigger the next redraw ro refresh the screen immediately
-                runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-
-                #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-                {
-                    // Get windows that are cached but without raw handles. Those window were already created, but got their
-                    // handle wrapper removed when the app was suspended.
-                    let mut query = app
-                        .world_mut()
-                        .query_filtered::<(Entity, &Window), (With<CachedWindow>, Without<bevy_window::RawHandleWrapper>)>();
-                    if let Ok((entity, window)) = query.get_single(&app.world()) {
-                        let window = window.clone();
-
-                        let (
-                            ..,
-                            mut winit_windows,
-                            mut adapters,
-                            mut handlers,
-                            accessibility_requested,
-                        ) = create_window.get_mut(app.world_mut());
-
-                        let winit_window = winit_windows.create_window(
-                            event_loop,
-                            entity,
-                            &window,
-                            &mut adapters,
-                            &mut handlers,
-                            &accessibility_requested,
-                        );
-
-                        let wrapper = RawHandleWrapper::new(winit_window).unwrap();
-
-                        app.world_mut().entity_mut(entity).insert(wrapper);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // This is recorded before running app.update(), to run the next cycle after a correct timeout.
-            // If the cycle takes more than the wait timeout, it will be re-executed immediately.
-            let begin_frame_time = Instant::now();
-
-            if should_update {
-                // Not redrawing, but the timeout elapsed.
-                run_app_update(runner_state, app, winit_events);
-
-                // Running the app may have changed the WinitSettings resource, so we have to re-extract it.
-                let (config, windows) = focused_windows_state.get(app.world());
-                let focused = windows.iter().any(|(_, window)| window.focused);
-
-                update_mode = config.update_mode(focused);
-            }
-
-            match update_mode {
-                UpdateMode::Continuous => {
-                    // per winit's docs on [Window::is_visible](https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/window/struct.Window.html#method.is_visible),
-                    // we cannot use the visibility to drive rendering on these platforms
-                    // so we cannot discern whether to beneficially use `Poll` or not?
-                    cfg_if::cfg_if! {
-                        if #[cfg(not(any(
-                            target_arch = "wasm32",
-                            target_os = "android",
-                            target_os = "ios",
-                            all(target_os = "linux", any(feature = "x11", feature = "wayland"))
-                        )))]
-                        {
-                            let winit_windows = app.world().non_send_resource::<WinitWindows>();
-                            let visible = winit_windows.windows.iter().any(|(_, w)| {
-                                w.is_visible().unwrap_or(false)
-                            });
-
-                            event_loop.set_control_flow(if visible {
-                                ControlFlow::Wait
-                            } else {
-                                ControlFlow::Poll
-                            });
-                        }
-                        else {
-                            event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // Trigger the next redraw to refresh the screen immediately if waiting
-                    if let ControlFlow::Wait = event_loop.control_flow() {
-                        runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-                    }
-                }
-                UpdateMode::Reactive { wait } | UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower { wait } => {
-                    // Set the next timeout, starting from the instant before running app.update() to avoid frame delays
-                    if let Some(next) = begin_frame_time.checked_add(wait) {
-                        if runner_state.wait_elapsed {
-                            event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::WaitUntil(next));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if update_mode != runner_state.update_mode {
-                // Trigger the next redraw since we're changing the update mode
-                runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-                runner_state.update_mode = update_mode;
-            }
-
-            if runner_state.redraw_requested
-                && runner_state.activity_state != UpdateState::Suspended
-            {
-                let winit_windows = app.world().non_send_resource::<WinitWindows>();
-                for window in winit_windows.windows.values() {
-                    window.request_redraw();
-                }
-                runner_state.redraw_requested = false;
-            }
-        }
-        Event::NewEvents(cause) => {
-            runner_state.wait_elapsed = match cause {
-                StartCause::WaitCancelled {
-                    requested_resume: Some(resume),
-                    ..
-                } => {
-                    // If the resume time is not after now, it means that at least the wait timeout
-                    // has elapsed.
-                    resume <= Instant::now()
-                }
-                _ => true,
-            };
-        }
-        Event::WindowEvent {
-            event, window_id, ..
-        } => {
-            let (mut window_resized, winit_windows, mut windows, access_kit_adapters) =
-                event_writer_system_state.get_mut(app.world_mut());
-
-            let Some(window) = winit_windows.get_window_entity(window_id) else {
-                warn!("Skipped event {event:?} for unknown winit Window Id {window_id:?}");
-                return;
-            };
-
-            let Ok((mut win, _)) = windows.get_mut(window) else {
-                warn!("Window {window:?} is missing `Window` component, skipping event {event:?}");
-                return;
-            };
-
-            // Allow AccessKit to respond to `WindowEvent`s before they reach
-            // the engine.
-            if let Some(adapter) = access_kit_adapters.get(&window) {
-                if let Some(winit_window) = winit_windows.get_window(window) {
-                    adapter.process_event(winit_window, &event);
-                }
-            }
-
-            runner_state.window_event_received = true;
-
-            match event {
-                WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
-                    react_to_resize(&mut win, size, &mut window_resized, window);
-                }
-                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => winit_events.send(WindowCloseRequested { window }),
-                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { ref event, .. } => {
-                    if event.state.is_pressed() {
-                        if let Some(char) = &event.text {
-                            let char = char.clone();
-                            #[allow(deprecated)]
-                            winit_events.send(ReceivedCharacter { window, char });
-                        }
-                    }
-                    winit_events.send(converters::convert_keyboard_input(event, window));
-                }
-                WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
-                    let physical_position = DVec2::new(position.x, position.y);
-
-                    let last_position = win.physical_cursor_position();
-                    let delta = last_position.map(|last_pos| {
-                        (physical_position.as_vec2() - last_pos) / win.resolution.scale_factor()
-                    });
-
-                    win.set_physical_cursor_position(Some(physical_position));
-                    let position =
-                        (physical_position / win.resolution.scale_factor() as f64).as_vec2();
-                    winit_events.send(CursorMoved {
-                        window,
-                        position,
-                        delta,
-                    });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. } => {
-                    winit_events.send(CursorEntered { window });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::CursorLeft { .. } => {
-                    win.set_physical_cursor_position(None);
-                    winit_events.send(CursorLeft { window });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::MouseInput { state, button, .. } => {
-                    winit_events.send(MouseButtonInput {
-                        button: converters::convert_mouse_button(button),
-                        state: converters::convert_element_state(state),
-                        window,
-                    });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::TouchpadMagnify { delta, .. } => {
-                    winit_events.send(TouchpadMagnify(delta as f32));
-                }
-                WindowEvent::TouchpadRotate { delta, .. } => {
-                    winit_events.send(TouchpadRotate(delta));
-                }
-                WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
-                    event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
-                        winit_events.send(MouseWheel {
-                            unit: MouseScrollUnit::Line,
-                            x,
-                            y,
-                            window,
-                        });
-                    }
-                    event::MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => {
-                        winit_events.send(MouseWheel {
-                            unit: MouseScrollUnit::Pixel,
-                            x: p.x as f32,
-                            y: p.y as f32,
-                            window,
-                        });
-                    }
-                },
-                WindowEvent::Touch(touch) => {
-                    let location = touch
-                        .location
-                        .to_logical(win.resolution.scale_factor() as f64);
-                    winit_events.send(converters::convert_touch_input(touch, location, window));
-                }
-                WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged {
-                    scale_factor,
-                    mut inner_size_writer,
-                } => {
-                    let prior_factor = win.resolution.scale_factor();
-                    win.resolution.set_scale_factor(scale_factor as f32);
-                    // Note: this may be different from new_scale_factor if
-                    // `scale_factor_override` is set to Some(thing)
-                    let new_factor = win.resolution.scale_factor();
-
-                    let mut new_inner_size =
-                        PhysicalSize::new(win.physical_width(), win.physical_height());
-                    let scale_factor_override = win.resolution.scale_factor_override();
-                    if let Some(forced_factor) = scale_factor_override {
-                        // This window is overriding the OS-suggested DPI, so its physical size
-                        // should be set based on the overriding value. Its logical size already
-                        // incorporates any resize constraints.
-                        let maybe_new_inner_size = LogicalSize::new(win.width(), win.height())
-                            .to_physical::<u32>(forced_factor as f64);
-                        if let Err(err) = inner_size_writer.request_inner_size(new_inner_size) {
-                            warn!("Winit Failed to resize the window: {err}");
-                        } else {
-                            new_inner_size = maybe_new_inner_size;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    let new_logical_width = new_inner_size.width as f32 / new_factor;
-                    let new_logical_height = new_inner_size.height as f32 / new_factor;
-
-                    let width_equal = relative_eq!(win.width(), new_logical_width);
-                    let height_equal = relative_eq!(win.height(), new_logical_height);
-                    win.resolution
-                        .set_physical_resolution(new_inner_size.width, new_inner_size.height);
-
-                    winit_events.send(WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged {
-                        window,
-                        scale_factor,
-                    });
-                    if scale_factor_override.is_none() && !relative_eq!(new_factor, prior_factor) {
-                        winit_events.send(WindowScaleFactorChanged {
-                            window,
-                            scale_factor,
-                        });
-                    }
-
-                    if !width_equal || !height_equal {
-                        winit_events.send(WindowResized {
-                            window,
-                            width: new_logical_width,
-                            height: new_logical_height,
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
-                WindowEvent::Focused(focused) => {
-                    win.focused = focused;
-                    winit_events.send(WindowFocused { window, focused });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded) => {
-                    winit_events.send(WindowOccluded { window, occluded });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::DroppedFile(path_buf) => {
-                    winit_events.send(FileDragAndDrop::DroppedFile { window, path_buf });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::HoveredFile(path_buf) => {
-                    winit_events.send(FileDragAndDrop::HoveredFile { window, path_buf });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::HoveredFileCancelled => {
-                    winit_events.send(FileDragAndDrop::HoveredFileCanceled { window });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::Moved(position) => {
-                    let position = ivec2(position.x, position.y);
-                    win.position.set(position);
-                    winit_events.send(WindowMoved { window, position });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::Ime(event) => match event {
-                    event::Ime::Preedit(value, cursor) => {
-                        winit_events.send(Ime::Preedit {
-                            window,
-                            value,
-                            cursor,
-                        });
-                    }
-                    event::Ime::Commit(value) => {
-                        winit_events.send(Ime::Commit { window, value });
-                    }
-                    event::Ime::Enabled => {
-                        winit_events.send(Ime::Enabled { window });
-                    }
-                    event::Ime::Disabled => {
-                        winit_events.send(Ime::Disabled { window });
-                    }
-                },
-                WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme) => {
-                    winit_events.send(WindowThemeChanged {
-                        window,
-                        theme: convert_winit_theme(theme),
-                    });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::Destroyed => {
-                    winit_events.send(WindowDestroyed { window });
-                }
-                WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
-                    run_app_update(runner_state, app, winit_events);
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-
-            let mut windows = app.world_mut().query::<(&mut Window, &mut CachedWindow)>();
-            if let Ok((window_component, mut cache)) = windows.get_mut(app.world_mut(), window) {
-                if window_component.is_changed() {
-                    cache.window = window_component.clone();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Event::DeviceEvent { event, .. } => {
-            runner_state.device_event_received = true;
-            if let DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: (x, y) } = event {
-                let delta = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
-                winit_events.send(MouseMotion { delta });
-            }
-        }
-        Event::Suspended => {
-            winit_events.send(ApplicationLifetime::Suspended);
-            // Mark the state as `WillSuspend`. This will let the schedule run one last time
-            // before actually suspending to let the application react
-            runner_state.activity_state = UpdateState::WillSuspend;
-        }
-        Event::Resumed => {
-            match runner_state.activity_state {
-                UpdateState::NotYetStarted => winit_events.send(ApplicationLifetime::Started),
-                _ => winit_events.send(ApplicationLifetime::Resumed),
-            }
-            runner_state.activity_state = UpdateState::WillResume;
-        }
-        Event::UserEvent(RequestRedraw) => {
-            runner_state.redraw_requested = true;
-        }
-        _ => (),
-    }
-
-    if let Some(app_exit) = app.should_exit() {
-        if let Err(err) = exit_notify.try_send(app_exit) {
-            error!("Failed to send a app exit notification! This is a bug. Reason: {err}");
-        };
-        event_loop.exit();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // We drain events after every received winit event in addition to on app update to ensure
-    // the work of pushing events into event queues is spread out over time in case the app becomes
-    // dormant for a long stretch.
-    forward_winit_events(winit_events, app);
-}
-
-fn should_update(runner_state: &WinitAppRunnerState, update_mode: UpdateMode) -> bool {
-    let handle_event = match update_mode {
-        UpdateMode::Continuous | UpdateMode::Reactive { .. } => {
-            runner_state.wait_elapsed
-                || runner_state.window_event_received
-                || runner_state.device_event_received
-        }
-        UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower { .. } => {
-            runner_state.wait_elapsed || runner_state.window_event_received
-        }
-    };
-
-    handle_event && runner_state.activity_state.is_active()
-}
-
-fn run_app_update(
-    runner_state: &mut WinitAppRunnerState,
-    app: &mut App,
-    winit_events: &mut Vec<WinitEvent>,
-) {
-    runner_state.reset_on_update();
-
-    forward_winit_events(winit_events, app);
-
-    if app.plugins_state() == PluginsState::Cleaned {
-        app.update();
     }
 }
 
-fn react_to_resize(
+/// The parameters of the [`create_windows`] system.
-    win: &mut Mut<'_, Window>,
+pub type CreateWindowParams<'w, 's, F = ()> = (
-    size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    Commands<'w, 's>,
-    window_resized: &mut EventWriter<WindowResized>,
+    Query<
-    window: Entity,
+        'w,
-) {
+        's,
-    win.resolution
+        (
-        .set_physical_resolution(size.width, size.height);
+            Entity,
-
+            &'static mut Window,
-    window_resized.send(WindowResized {
+            Option<&'static RawHandleWrapperHolder>,
-        window,
+        ),
-        width: win.width(),
+        F,
-        height: win.height(),
+    >,
-    });
+    EventWriter<'w, WindowCreated>,
-}
+    NonSendMut<'w, WinitWindows>,
+    NonSendMut<'w, AccessKitAdapters>,
+    ResMut<'w, WinitActionRequestHandlers>,
+    Res<'w, AccessibilityRequested>,
+);

crates/bevy_winit/src/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+use approx::relative_eq;
+use bevy_app::{App, AppExit, PluginsState};
+use bevy_ecs::change_detection::{DetectChanges, NonSendMut, Res};
+use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
+use bevy_ecs::event::{EventWriter, ManualEventReader};
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use bevy_ecs::system::SystemState;
+use bevy_ecs::world::FromWorld;
+use bevy_input::{
+    mouse::{MouseButtonInput, MouseMotion, MouseScrollUnit, MouseWheel},
+    touchpad::{TouchpadMagnify, TouchpadRotate},
+};
+use bevy_log::{error, trace, warn};
+use bevy_math::{ivec2, DVec2, Vec2};
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use bevy_tasks::tick_global_task_pools_on_main_thread;
+use bevy_utils::Instant;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
+use winit::dpi::PhysicalSize;
+use winit::event;
+use winit::event::{DeviceEvent, DeviceId, StartCause, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::WindowId;
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+use bevy_window::{
+    AppLifecycle, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved, FileDragAndDrop, Ime, ReceivedCharacter,
+    RequestRedraw, Window, WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged, WindowCloseRequested, WindowDestroyed,
+    WindowFocused, WindowMoved, WindowOccluded, WindowResized, WindowScaleFactorChanged,
+    WindowThemeChanged,
+};
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, RawHandleWrapper};
+
+use crate::accessibility::AccessKitAdapters;
+use crate::system::CachedWindow;
+use crate::{
+    converters, create_windows, AppSendEvent, CreateWindowParams, UpdateMode, WinitEvent,
+    WinitSettings, WinitWindows,
+};
+
+/// Persistent state that is used to run the [`App`] according to the current
+/// [`UpdateMode`].
+struct WinitAppRunnerState<T: Event> {
+    /// The running app.
+    app: App,
+    /// Exit value once the loop is finished.
+    app_exit: Option<AppExit>,
+    /// Current update mode of the app.
+    update_mode: UpdateMode,
+    /// Is `true` if a new [`WindowEvent`] event has been received since the last update.
+    window_event_received: bool,
+    /// Is `true` if a new [`DeviceEvent`] event has been received since the last update.
+    device_event_received: bool,
+    /// Is `true` if a new [`T`] event has been received since the last update.
+    user_event_received: bool,
+    /// Is `true` if the app has requested a redraw since the last update.
+    redraw_requested: bool,
+    /// Is `true` if enough time has elapsed since `last_update` to run another update.
+    wait_elapsed: bool,
+    /// Number of "forced" updates to trigger on application start
+    startup_forced_updates: u32,
+
+    /// Current app lifecycle state.
+    lifecycle: AppLifecycle,
+    /// The previous app lifecycle state.
+    previous_lifecycle: AppLifecycle,
+    /// Winit events to send
+    winit_events: Vec<WinitEvent>,
+    _marker: PhantomData<T>,
+
+    event_writer_system_state: SystemState<(
+        EventWriter<'static, WindowResized>,
+        EventWriter<'static, WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged>,
+        EventWriter<'static, WindowScaleFactorChanged>,
+        NonSend<'static, WinitWindows>,
+        Query<'static, 'static, (&'static mut Window, &'static mut CachedWindow)>,
+        NonSendMut<'static, AccessKitAdapters>,
+    )>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> WinitAppRunnerState<T> {
+    fn new(mut app: App) -> Self {
+        app.add_event::<T>();
+
+        let event_writer_system_state: SystemState<(
+            EventWriter<WindowResized>,
+            EventWriter<WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged>,
+            EventWriter<WindowScaleFactorChanged>,
+            NonSend<WinitWindows>,
+            Query<(&mut Window, &mut CachedWindow)>,
+            NonSendMut<AccessKitAdapters>,
+        )> = SystemState::new(app.world_mut());
+
+        Self {
+            app,
+            lifecycle: AppLifecycle::Idle,
+            previous_lifecycle: AppLifecycle::Idle,
+            app_exit: None,
+            update_mode: UpdateMode::Continuous,
+            window_event_received: false,
+            device_event_received: false,
+            user_event_received: false,
+            redraw_requested: false,
+            wait_elapsed: false,
+            // 3 seems to be enough, 5 is a safe margin
+            startup_forced_updates: 5,
+            winit_events: Vec::new(),
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+            event_writer_system_state,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reset_on_update(&mut self) {
+        self.window_event_received = false;
+        self.device_event_received = false;
+        self.user_event_received = false;
+    }
+
+    fn world(&self) -> &World {
+        self.app.world()
+    }
+
+    fn world_mut(&mut self) -> &mut World {
+        self.app.world_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> ApplicationHandler<T> for WinitAppRunnerState<T> {
+    fn new_events(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, cause: StartCause) {
+        if event_loop.exiting() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
+        let _span = bevy_utils::tracing::info_span!("winit event_handler").entered();
+
+        if self.app.plugins_state() != PluginsState::Cleaned {
+            if self.app.plugins_state() != PluginsState::Ready {
+                #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+                tick_global_task_pools_on_main_thread();
+            } else {
+                self.app.finish();
+                self.app.cleanup();
+            }
+            self.redraw_requested = true;
+        }
+
+        self.wait_elapsed = match cause {
+            StartCause::WaitCancelled {
+                requested_resume: Some(resume),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                // If the resume time is not after now, it means that at least the wait timeout
+                // has elapsed.
+                resume <= Instant::now()
+            }
+            _ => true,
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn resumed(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        // Mark the state as `WillResume`. This will let the schedule run one extra time
+        // when actually resuming the app
+        self.lifecycle = AppLifecycle::WillResume;
+    }
+
+    fn user_event(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, event: T) {
+        self.user_event_received = true;
+
+        self.world_mut().send_event(event);
+        self.redraw_requested = true;
+    }
+
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+        event: WindowEvent,
+    ) {
+        self.window_event_received = true;
+
+        let (
+            mut window_resized,
+            mut window_backend_scale_factor_changed,
+            mut window_scale_factor_changed,
+            winit_windows,
+            mut windows,
+            mut access_kit_adapters,
+        ) = self.event_writer_system_state.get_mut(self.app.world_mut());
+
+        let Some(window) = winit_windows.get_window_entity(window_id) else {
+            warn!("Skipped event {event:?} for unknown winit Window Id {window_id:?}");
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let Ok((mut win, _)) = windows.get_mut(window) else {
+            warn!("Window {window:?} is missing `Window` component, skipping event {event:?}");
+            return;
+        };
+
+        // Allow AccessKit to respond to `WindowEvent`s before they reach
+        // the engine.
+        if let Some(adapter) = access_kit_adapters.get_mut(&window) {
+            if let Some(winit_window) = winit_windows.get_window(window) {
+                adapter.process_event(winit_window, &event);
+            }
+        }
+
+        match event {
+            WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
+                react_to_resize(window, &mut win, size, &mut window_resized);
+            }
+            WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { scale_factor, .. } => {
+                react_to_scale_factor_change(
+                    window,
+                    &mut win,
+                    scale_factor,
+                    &mut window_backend_scale_factor_changed,
+                    &mut window_scale_factor_changed,
+                );
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => self.winit_events.send(WindowCloseRequested { window }),
+            WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { ref event, .. } => {
+                if event.state.is_pressed() {
+                    if let Some(char) = &event.text {
+                        let char = char.clone();
+                        #[allow(deprecated)]
+                        self.winit_events.send(ReceivedCharacter { window, char });
+                    }
+                }
+                self.winit_events
+                    .send(converters::convert_keyboard_input(event, window));
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                let physical_position = DVec2::new(position.x, position.y);
+
+                let last_position = win.physical_cursor_position();
+                let delta = last_position.map(|last_pos| {
+                    (physical_position.as_vec2() - last_pos) / win.resolution.scale_factor()
+                });
+
+                win.set_physical_cursor_position(Some(physical_position));
+                let position = (physical_position / win.resolution.scale_factor() as f64).as_vec2();
+                self.winit_events.send(CursorMoved {
+                    window,
+                    position,
+                    delta,
+                });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorEntered { .. } => {
+                self.winit_events.send(CursorEntered { window });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorLeft { .. } => {
+                win.set_physical_cursor_position(None);
+                self.winit_events.send(CursorLeft { window });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput { state, button, .. } => {
+                self.winit_events.send(MouseButtonInput {
+                    button: converters::convert_mouse_button(button),
+                    state: converters::convert_element_state(state),
+                    window,
+                });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::PinchGesture { delta, .. } => {
+                self.winit_events.send(TouchpadMagnify(delta as f32));
+            }
+            WindowEvent::RotationGesture { delta, .. } => {
+                self.winit_events.send(TouchpadRotate(delta));
+            }
+            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => match delta {
+                event::MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(x, y) => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(MouseWheel {
+                        unit: MouseScrollUnit::Line,
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        window,
+                    });
+                }
+                event::MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(MouseWheel {
+                        unit: MouseScrollUnit::Pixel,
+                        x: p.x as f32,
+                        y: p.y as f32,
+                        window,
+                    });
+                }
+            },
+            WindowEvent::Touch(touch) => {
+                let location = touch
+                    .location
+                    .to_logical(win.resolution.scale_factor() as f64);
+                self.winit_events
+                    .send(converters::convert_touch_input(touch, location, window));
+            }
+            WindowEvent::Focused(focused) => {
+                win.focused = focused;
+                self.winit_events.send(WindowFocused { window, focused });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::Occluded(occluded) => {
+                self.winit_events.send(WindowOccluded { window, occluded });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::DroppedFile(path_buf) => {
+                self.winit_events
+                    .send(FileDragAndDrop::DroppedFile { window, path_buf });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::HoveredFile(path_buf) => {
+                self.winit_events
+                    .send(FileDragAndDrop::HoveredFile { window, path_buf });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::HoveredFileCancelled => {
+                self.winit_events
+                    .send(FileDragAndDrop::HoveredFileCanceled { window });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::Moved(position) => {
+                let position = ivec2(position.x, position.y);
+                win.position.set(position);
+                self.winit_events.send(WindowMoved { window, position });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::Ime(event) => match event {
+                event::Ime::Preedit(value, cursor) => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(Ime::Preedit {
+                        window,
+                        value,
+                        cursor,
+                    });
+                }
+                event::Ime::Commit(value) => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(Ime::Commit { window, value });
+                }
+                event::Ime::Enabled => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(Ime::Enabled { window });
+                }
+                event::Ime::Disabled => {
+                    self.winit_events.send(Ime::Disabled { window });
+                }
+            },
+            WindowEvent::ThemeChanged(theme) => {
+                self.winit_events.send(WindowThemeChanged {
+                    window,
+                    theme: converters::convert_winit_theme(theme),
+                });
+            }
+            WindowEvent::Destroyed => {
+                self.winit_events.send(WindowDestroyed { window });
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        let mut windows = self.world_mut().query::<(&mut Window, &mut CachedWindow)>();
+        if let Ok((window_component, mut cache)) = windows.get_mut(self.world_mut(), window) {
+            if window_component.is_changed() {
+                cache.window = window_component.clone();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn device_event(
+        &mut self,
+        _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        _device_id: DeviceId,
+        event: DeviceEvent,
+    ) {
+        self.device_event_received = true;
+
+        if let DeviceEvent::MouseMotion { delta: (x, y) } = event {
+            let delta = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
+            self.winit_events.send(MouseMotion { delta });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        // create any new windows
+        // (even if app did not update, some may have been created by plugin setup)
+        let mut create_window =
+            SystemState::<CreateWindowParams<Added<Window>>>::from_world(self.world_mut());
+        create_windows(event_loop, create_window.get_mut(self.world_mut()));
+        create_window.apply(self.world_mut());
+
+        let mut redraw_event_reader = ManualEventReader::<RequestRedraw>::default();
+
+        let mut focused_windows_state: SystemState<(Res<WinitSettings>, Query<(Entity, &Window)>)> =
+            SystemState::new(self.world_mut());
+
+        if let Some(app_redraw_events) = self.world().get_resource::<Events<RequestRedraw>>() {
+            if redraw_event_reader.read(app_redraw_events).last().is_some() {
+                self.redraw_requested = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let (config, windows) = focused_windows_state.get(self.world());
+        let focused = windows.iter().any(|(_, window)| window.focused);
+
+        let mut update_mode = config.update_mode(focused);
+        let mut should_update = self.should_update(update_mode);
+
+        if self.startup_forced_updates > 0 {
+            self.startup_forced_updates -= 1;
+            // Ensure that an update is triggered on the first iterations for app initialization
+            should_update = true;
+        }
+
+        if self.lifecycle == AppLifecycle::WillSuspend {
+            self.lifecycle = AppLifecycle::Suspended;
+            // Trigger one last update to enter the suspended state
+            should_update = true;
+
+            #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+            {
+                // Remove the `RawHandleWrapper` from the primary window.
+                // This will trigger the surface destruction.
+                let mut query = self
+                    .world_mut()
+                    .query_filtered::<Entity, With<PrimaryWindow>>();
+                let entity = query.single(&self.world());
+                self.world_mut()
+                    .entity_mut(entity)
+                    .remove::<RawHandleWrapper>();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.lifecycle == AppLifecycle::WillResume {
+            self.lifecycle = AppLifecycle::Running;
+            // Trigger the update to enter the running state
+            should_update = true;
+            // Trigger the next redraw to refresh the screen immediately
+            self.redraw_requested = true;
+
+            #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+            {
+                // Get windows that are cached but without raw handles. Those window were already created, but got their
+                // handle wrapper removed when the app was suspended.
+                let mut query = self.world_mut()
+                    .query_filtered::<(Entity, &Window), (With<CachedWindow>, Without<bevy_window::RawHandleWrapper>)>();
+                if let Ok((entity, window)) = query.get_single(&self.world()) {
+                    let window = window.clone();
+
+                    let mut create_window =
+                        SystemState::<CreateWindowParams>::from_world(self.world_mut());
+
+                    let (
+                        ..,
+                        mut winit_windows,
+                        mut adapters,
+                        mut handlers,
+                        accessibility_requested,
+                    ) = create_window.get_mut(self.world_mut());
+
+                    let winit_window = winit_windows.create_window(
+                        event_loop,
+                        entity,
+                        &window,
+                        &mut adapters,
+                        &mut handlers,
+                        &accessibility_requested,
+                    );
+
+                    let wrapper = RawHandleWrapper::new(winit_window).unwrap();
+
+                    self.world_mut().entity_mut(entity).insert(wrapper);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Notifies a lifecycle change
+        if self.lifecycle != self.previous_lifecycle {
+            self.previous_lifecycle = self.lifecycle;
+            self.winit_events.send(self.lifecycle);
+        }
+
+        // This is recorded before running app.update(), to run the next cycle after a correct timeout.
+        // If the cycle takes more than the wait timeout, it will be re-executed immediately.
+        let begin_frame_time = Instant::now();
+
+        if should_update {
+            // Not redrawing, but the timeout elapsed.
+            self.run_app_update();
+
+            // Running the app may have changed the WinitSettings resource, so we have to re-extract it.
+            let (config, windows) = focused_windows_state.get(self.world());
+            let focused = windows.iter().any(|(_, window)| window.focused);
+
+            update_mode = config.update_mode(focused);
+        }
+
+        // The update mode could have been changed, so we need to redraw and force an update
+        if update_mode != self.update_mode {
+            // Trigger the next redraw since we're changing the update mode
+            self.redraw_requested = true;
+            // Consider the wait as elapsed since it could have been cancelled by a user event
+            self.wait_elapsed = true;
+
+            self.update_mode = update_mode;
+        }
+
+        match update_mode {
+            UpdateMode::Continuous => {
+                // per winit's docs on [Window::is_visible](https://docs.rs/winit/latest/winit/window/struct.Window.html#method.is_visible),
+                // we cannot use the visibility to drive rendering on these platforms
+                // so we cannot discern whether to beneficially use `Poll` or not?
+                cfg_if::cfg_if! {
+                    if #[cfg(not(any(
+                        target_arch = "wasm32",
+                        target_os = "android",
+                        target_os = "ios",
+                        all(target_os = "linux", any(feature = "x11", feature = "wayland"))
+                    )))]
+                    {
+                        let winit_windows = self.world().non_send_resource::<WinitWindows>();
+                        let visible = winit_windows.windows.iter().any(|(_, w)| {
+                            w.is_visible().unwrap_or(false)
+                        });
+
+                        event_loop.set_control_flow(if visible {
+                            ControlFlow::Wait
+                        } else {
+                            ControlFlow::Poll
+                        });
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::Wait);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Trigger the next redraw to refresh the screen immediately if waiting
+                if let ControlFlow::Wait = event_loop.control_flow() {
+                    self.redraw_requested = true;
+                }
+            }
+            UpdateMode::Reactive { wait, .. } => {
+                // Set the next timeout, starting from the instant before running app.update() to avoid frame delays
+                if let Some(next) = begin_frame_time.checked_add(wait) {
+                    if self.wait_elapsed {
+                        event_loop.set_control_flow(ControlFlow::WaitUntil(next));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.redraw_requested && self.lifecycle != AppLifecycle::Suspended {
+            let winit_windows = self.world().non_send_resource::<WinitWindows>();
+            for window in winit_windows.windows.values() {
+                window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            self.redraw_requested = false;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(app_exit) = self.app.should_exit() {
+            self.app_exit = Some(app_exit);
+
+            event_loop.exit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn suspended(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        // Mark the state as `WillSuspend`. This will let the schedule run one last time
+        // before actually suspending to let the application react
+        self.lifecycle = AppLifecycle::WillSuspend;
+    }
+
+    fn exiting(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        let world = self.world_mut();
+        world.clear_all();
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Event> WinitAppRunnerState<T> {
+    fn should_update(&self, update_mode: UpdateMode) -> bool {
+        let handle_event = match update_mode {
+            UpdateMode::Continuous => {
+                self.wait_elapsed
+                    || self.user_event_received
+                    || self.window_event_received
+                    || self.device_event_received
+            }
+            UpdateMode::Reactive {
+                react_to_device_events,
+                react_to_user_events,
+                react_to_window_events,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.wait_elapsed
+                    || (react_to_device_events && self.device_event_received)
+                    || (react_to_user_events && self.user_event_received)
+                    || (react_to_window_events && self.window_event_received)
+            }
+        };
+
+        handle_event && self.lifecycle.is_active()
+    }
+
+    fn run_app_update(&mut self) {
+        self.reset_on_update();
+
+        self.forward_winit_events();
+
+        if self.app.plugins_state() == PluginsState::Cleaned {
+            self.app.update();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn forward_winit_events(&mut self) {
+        let buffered_events = self.winit_events.drain(..).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        if buffered_events.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let world = self.world_mut();
+
+        for winit_event in buffered_events.iter() {
+            match winit_event.clone() {
+                WinitEvent::AppLifecycle(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::CursorEntered(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::CursorLeft(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::CursorMoved(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::FileDragAndDrop(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::Ime(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::ReceivedCharacter(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::RequestRedraw(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowCloseRequested(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowCreated(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowDestroyed(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowFocused(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowMoved(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowOccluded(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowResized(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowScaleFactorChanged(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::WindowThemeChanged(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::MouseButtonInput(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::MouseMotion(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::MouseWheel(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::TouchpadMagnify(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::TouchpadRotate(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::TouchInput(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+                WinitEvent::KeyboardInput(e) => {
+                    world.send_event(e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        world
+            .resource_mut::<Events<WinitEvent>>()
+            .send_batch(buffered_events);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The default [`App::runner`] for the [`WinitPlugin`] plugin.
+///
+/// Overriding the app's [runner](bevy_app::App::runner) while using `WinitPlugin` will bypass the
+/// `EventLoop`.
+pub fn winit_runner<T: Event>(mut app: App) -> AppExit {
+    if app.plugins_state() == PluginsState::Ready {
+        app.finish();
+        app.cleanup();
+    }
+
+    let event_loop = app
+        .world_mut()
+        .remove_non_send_resource::<EventLoop<T>>()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    app.world_mut()
+        .insert_non_send_resource(event_loop.create_proxy());
+
+    let mut runner_state = WinitAppRunnerState::new(app);
+
+    trace!("starting winit event loop");
+    // TODO(clean): the winit docs mention using `spawn` instead of `run` on WASM.
+    if let Err(err) = event_loop.run_app(&mut runner_state) {
+        error!("winit event loop returned an error: {err}");
+    }
+
+    // If everything is working correctly then the event loop only exits after it's sent an exit code.
+    runner_state.app_exit.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        error!("Failed to receive a app exit code! This is a bug");
+        AppExit::error()
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn react_to_resize(
+    window_entity: Entity,
+    window: &mut Mut<'_, Window>,
+    size: PhysicalSize<u32>,
+    window_resized: &mut EventWriter<WindowResized>,
+) {
+    window
+        .resolution
+        .set_physical_resolution(size.width, size.height);
+
+    window_resized.send(WindowResized {
+        window: window_entity,
+        width: window.width(),
+        height: window.height(),
+    });
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn react_to_scale_factor_change(
+    window_entity: Entity,
+    window: &mut Mut<'_, Window>,
+    scale_factor: f64,
+    window_backend_scale_factor_changed: &mut EventWriter<WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged>,
+    window_scale_factor_changed: &mut EventWriter<WindowScaleFactorChanged>,
+) {
+    window.resolution.set_scale_factor(scale_factor as f32);
+
+    window_backend_scale_factor_changed.send(WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged {
+        window: window_entity,
+        scale_factor,
+    });
+
+    let prior_factor = window.resolution.scale_factor();
+    let scale_factor_override = window.resolution.scale_factor_override();
+
+    if scale_factor_override.is_none() && !relative_eq!(scale_factor as f32, prior_factor) {
+        window_scale_factor_changed.send(WindowScaleFactorChanged {
+            window: window_entity,
+            scale_factor,
+        });
+    }
+}

crates/bevy_winit/src/system.rs

@@ -12,15 +12,14 @@ use bevy_window::{
     WindowMode, WindowResized,
 };
 
-use winit::{
+use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize};
-    dpi::{LogicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize},
+use winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;
-    event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget,
-};
 
 use bevy_ecs::query::With;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 use winit::platform::web::WindowExtWebSys;
 
+use crate::state::react_to_resize;
 use crate::{
     converters::{
         self, convert_enabled_buttons, convert_window_level, convert_window_theme,
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ use crate::{
 /// default values.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn create_windows<F: QueryFilter + 'static>(
-    event_loop: &EventLoopWindowTarget<crate::UserEvent>,
+    event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
     (
         mut commands,
         mut created_windows,
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn create_windows<F: QueryFilter + 'static>(
         accessibility_requested,
     ): SystemParamItem<CreateWindowParams<F>>,
 ) {
-    for (entity, mut window) in &mut created_windows {
+    for (entity, mut window, handle_holder) in &mut created_windows {
         if winit_windows.get_window(entity).is_some() {
             continue;
         }
@@ -80,7 +79,11 @@ pub fn create_windows<F: QueryFilter + 'static>(
         });
 
         if let Ok(handle_wrapper) = RawHandleWrapper::new(winit_window) {
-            commands.entity(entity).insert(handle_wrapper);
+            let mut entity = commands.entity(entity);
+            entity.insert(handle_wrapper.clone());
+            if let Some(handle_holder) = handle_holder {
+                *handle_holder.0.lock().unwrap() = Some(handle_wrapper);
+            }
         }
 
         #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
@@ -181,13 +184,46 @@ pub(crate) fn changed_windows(
                 }
             }
         }
+
         if window.resolution != cache.window.resolution {
-            let physical_size = PhysicalSize::new(
+            let mut physical_size = winit_window.inner_size();
-                window.resolution.physical_width(),
+
-                window.resolution.physical_height(),
+            let cached_physical_size = PhysicalSize::new(
+                cache.window.physical_width(),
+                cache.window.physical_height(),
             );
-            if let Some(size_now) = winit_window.request_inner_size(physical_size) {
+
-                crate::react_to_resize(&mut window, size_now, &mut window_resized, entity);
+            let base_scale_factor = window.resolution.base_scale_factor();
+
+            // Note: this may be different from `winit`'s base scale factor if
+            // `scale_factor_override` is set to Some(f32)
+            let scale_factor = window.scale_factor();
+            let cached_scale_factor = cache.window.scale_factor();
+
+            // Check and update `winit`'s physical size only if the window is not maximized
+            if scale_factor != cached_scale_factor && !winit_window.is_maximized() {
+                let logical_size =
+                    if let Some(cached_factor) = cache.window.resolution.scale_factor_override() {
+                        physical_size.to_logical::<f32>(cached_factor as f64)
+                    } else {
+                        physical_size.to_logical::<f32>(base_scale_factor as f64)
+                    };
+
+                // Scale factor changed, updating physical and logical size
+                if let Some(forced_factor) = window.resolution.scale_factor_override() {
+                    // This window is overriding the OS-suggested DPI, so its physical size
+                    // should be set based on the overriding value. Its logical size already
+                    // incorporates any resize constraints.
+                    physical_size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(forced_factor as f64);
+                } else {
+                    physical_size = logical_size.to_physical::<u32>(base_scale_factor as f64);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if physical_size != cached_physical_size {
+                if let Some(new_physical_size) = winit_window.request_inner_size(physical_size) {
+                    react_to_resize(entity, &mut window, new_physical_size, &mut window_resized);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -202,7 +238,7 @@ pub(crate) fn changed_windows(
         }
 
         if window.cursor.icon != cache.window.cursor.icon {
-            winit_window.set_cursor_icon(converters::convert_cursor_icon(window.cursor.icon));
+            winit_window.set_cursor(converters::convert_cursor_icon(window.cursor.icon));
         }
 
         if window.cursor.grab_mode != cache.window.cursor.grab_mode {

crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_config.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ impl WinitSettings {
     pub fn game() -> Self {
         WinitSettings {
             focused_mode: UpdateMode::Continuous,
-            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower {
+            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::reactive_low_power(Duration::from_secs_f64(1.0 / 60.0)), // 60Hz,
-                wait: Duration::from_secs_f64(1.0 / 60.0), // 60Hz
-            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -32,12 +30,8 @@ impl WinitSettings {
     /// Use the [`EventLoopProxy`](crate::EventLoopProxy) to request a redraw from outside bevy.
     pub fn desktop_app() -> Self {
         WinitSettings {
-            focused_mode: UpdateMode::Reactive {
+            focused_mode: UpdateMode::reactive(Duration::from_secs(5)),
-                wait: Duration::from_secs(5),
+            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::reactive_low_power(Duration::from_secs(60)),
-            },
-            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower {
-                wait: Duration::from_secs(60),
-            },
         }
     }
 
@@ -72,7 +66,7 @@ pub enum UpdateMode {
     /// [`AppExit`](bevy_app::AppExit) event appears:
     /// - `wait` time has elapsed since the previous update
     /// - a redraw has been requested by [`RequestRedraw`](bevy_window::RequestRedraw)
-    /// - new [window](`winit::event::WindowEvent`) or [raw input](`winit::event::DeviceEvent`)
+    /// - new [window](`winit::event::WindowEvent`), [raw input](`winit::event::DeviceEvent`), or custom
     /// events have appeared
     /// - a redraw has been requested with the [`EventLoopProxy`](crate::EventLoopProxy)
     Reactive {
@@ -81,23 +75,38 @@ pub enum UpdateMode {
         /// **Note:** This has no upper limit.
         /// The [`App`](bevy_app::App) will wait indefinitely if you set this to [`Duration::MAX`].
         wait: Duration,
-    },
+        /// Reacts to device events, that will wake up the loop if it's in a wait wtate
-    /// The [`App`](bevy_app::App) will update in response to the following, until an
+        react_to_device_events: bool,
-    /// [`AppExit`](bevy_app::AppExit) event appears:
+        /// Reacts to user events, that will wake up the loop if it's in a wait wtate
-    /// - `wait` time has elapsed since the previous update
+        react_to_user_events: bool,
-    /// - a redraw has been requested by [`RequestRedraw`](bevy_window::RequestRedraw)
+        /// Reacts to window events, that will wake up the loop if it's in a wait wtate
-    /// - new [window events](`winit::event::WindowEvent`) have appeared
+        react_to_window_events: bool,
-    /// - a redraw has been requested with the [`EventLoopProxy`](crate::EventLoopProxy)
-    ///
-    /// **Note:** Unlike [`Reactive`](`UpdateMode::Reactive`), this mode will ignore events that
-    /// don't come from interacting with a window, like [`MouseMotion`](winit::event::DeviceEvent::MouseMotion).
-    /// Use this mode if, for example, you only want your app to update when the mouse cursor is
-    /// moving over a window, not just moving in general. This can greatly reduce power consumption.
-    ReactiveLowPower {
-        /// The approximate time from the start of one update to the next.
-        ///
-        /// **Note:** This has no upper limit.
-        /// The [`App`](bevy_app::App) will wait indefinitely if you set this to [`Duration::MAX`].
-        wait: Duration,
     },
 }
+
+impl UpdateMode {
+    /// Reactive mode, will update the app for any kind of event
+    pub fn reactive(wait: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self::Reactive {
+            wait,
+            react_to_device_events: true,
+            react_to_user_events: true,
+            react_to_window_events: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Low power mode
+    ///
+    /// Unlike [`Reactive`](`UpdateMode::reactive()`), this will ignore events that
+    /// don't come from interacting with a window, like [`MouseMotion`](winit::event::DeviceEvent::MouseMotion).
+    /// Use this if, for example, you only want your app to update when the mouse cursor is
+    /// moving over a window, not just moving in general. This can greatly reduce power consumption.
+    pub fn reactive_low_power(wait: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self::Reactive {
+            wait,
+            react_to_device_events: false,
+            react_to_user_events: true,
+            react_to_window_events: true,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_event.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(deprecated)]
 #![allow(missing_docs)]
 
-use bevy_app::App;
 use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
 use bevy_input::keyboard::KeyboardInput;
 use bevy_input::touch::TouchInput;
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
 #[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
 use bevy_reflect::{ReflectDeserialize, ReflectSerialize};
 use bevy_window::{
-    ApplicationLifetime, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved, FileDragAndDrop, Ime,
+    AppLifecycle, CursorEntered, CursorLeft, CursorMoved, FileDragAndDrop, Ime, ReceivedCharacter,
-    ReceivedCharacter, RequestRedraw, WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged, WindowCloseRequested,
+    RequestRedraw, WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged, WindowCloseRequested, WindowCreated,
-    WindowCreated, WindowDestroyed, WindowFocused, WindowMoved, WindowOccluded, WindowResized,
+    WindowDestroyed, WindowFocused, WindowMoved, WindowOccluded, WindowResized,
     WindowScaleFactorChanged, WindowThemeChanged,
 };
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ use bevy_window::{
     reflect(Serialize, Deserialize)
 )]
 pub enum WinitEvent {
-    ApplicationLifetime(ApplicationLifetime),
+    AppLifecycle(AppLifecycle),
     CursorEntered(CursorEntered),
     CursorLeft(CursorLeft),
     CursorMoved(CursorMoved),
@@ -64,9 +63,9 @@ pub enum WinitEvent {
     KeyboardInput(KeyboardInput),
 }
 
-impl From<ApplicationLifetime> for WinitEvent {
+impl From<AppLifecycle> for WinitEvent {
-    fn from(e: ApplicationLifetime) -> Self {
+    fn from(e: AppLifecycle) -> Self {
-        Self::ApplicationLifetime(e)
+        Self::AppLifecycle(e)
     }
 }
 impl From<CursorEntered> for WinitEvent {
@@ -189,92 +188,3 @@ impl From<KeyboardInput> for WinitEvent {
         Self::KeyboardInput(e)
     }
 }
-
-/// Forwards buffered [`WinitEvent`] events to the app.
-pub(crate) fn forward_winit_events(buffered_events: &mut Vec<WinitEvent>, app: &mut App) {
-    if buffered_events.is_empty() {
-        return;
-    }
-    for winit_event in buffered_events.iter() {
-        match winit_event.clone() {
-            WinitEvent::ApplicationLifetime(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::CursorEntered(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::CursorLeft(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::CursorMoved(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::FileDragAndDrop(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::Ime(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::ReceivedCharacter(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::RequestRedraw(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowBackendScaleFactorChanged(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowCloseRequested(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowCreated(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowDestroyed(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowFocused(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowMoved(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowOccluded(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowResized(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowScaleFactorChanged(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::WindowThemeChanged(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::MouseButtonInput(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::MouseMotion(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::MouseWheel(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::TouchpadMagnify(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::TouchpadRotate(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::TouchInput(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-            WinitEvent::KeyboardInput(e) => {
-                app.world_mut().send_event(e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    app.world_mut()
-        .resource_mut::<Events<WinitEvent>>()
-        .send_batch(buffered_events.drain(..));
-}

crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_windows.rs

@@ -9,11 +9,15 @@ use bevy_window::{
 
 use winit::{
     dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalPosition},
-    monitor::MonitorHandle,
+    event_loop::ActiveEventLoop,
+    monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle},
+    window::{CursorGrabMode as WinitCursorGrabMode, Fullscreen, Window as WinitWindow, WindowId},
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    accessibility::{prepare_accessibility_for_window, AccessKitAdapters, WinitActionHandlers},
+    accessibility::{
+        prepare_accessibility_for_window, AccessKitAdapters, WinitActionRequestHandlers,
+    },
     converters::{convert_enabled_buttons, convert_window_level, convert_window_theme},
 };
 
@@ -22,11 +26,11 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct WinitWindows {
     /// Stores [`winit`] windows by window identifier.
-    pub windows: HashMap<winit::window::WindowId, WindowWrapper<winit::window::Window>>,
+    pub windows: HashMap<WindowId, WindowWrapper<WinitWindow>>,
     /// Maps entities to `winit` window identifiers.
-    pub entity_to_winit: EntityHashMap<winit::window::WindowId>,
+    pub entity_to_winit: EntityHashMap<WindowId>,
     /// Maps `winit` window identifiers to entities.
-    pub winit_to_entity: HashMap<winit::window::WindowId, Entity>,
+    pub winit_to_entity: HashMap<WindowId, Entity>,
     // Many `winit` window functions (e.g. `set_window_icon`) can only be called on the main thread.
     // If they're called on other threads, the program might hang. This marker indicates that this
     // type is not thread-safe and will be `!Send` and `!Sync`.
@@ -37,23 +41,22 @@ impl WinitWindows {
     /// Creates a `winit` window and associates it with our entity.
     pub fn create_window(
         &mut self,
-        event_loop: &winit::event_loop::EventLoopWindowTarget<crate::UserEvent>,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
         entity: Entity,
         window: &Window,
         adapters: &mut AccessKitAdapters,
-        handlers: &mut WinitActionHandlers,
+        handlers: &mut WinitActionRequestHandlers,
         accessibility_requested: &AccessibilityRequested,
-    ) -> &WindowWrapper<winit::window::Window> {
+    ) -> &WindowWrapper<WinitWindow> {
-        let mut winit_window_builder = winit::window::WindowBuilder::new();
+        let mut winit_window_attributes = WinitWindow::default_attributes();
 
         // Due to a UIA limitation, winit windows need to be invisible for the
         // AccessKit adapter is initialized.
-        winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_visible(false);
+        winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes.with_visible(false);
 
-        winit_window_builder = match window.mode {
+        winit_window_attributes = match window.mode {
-            WindowMode::BorderlessFullscreen => winit_window_builder.with_fullscreen(Some(
+            WindowMode::BorderlessFullscreen => winit_window_attributes
-                winit::window::Fullscreen::Borderless(event_loop.primary_monitor()),
+                .with_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Borderless(event_loop.primary_monitor()))),
-            )),
             mode @ (WindowMode::Fullscreen | WindowMode::SizedFullscreen) => {
                 if let Some(primary_monitor) = event_loop.primary_monitor() {
                     let videomode = match mode {
@@ -66,11 +69,10 @@ impl WinitWindows {
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
 
-                    winit_window_builder
+                    winit_window_attributes.with_fullscreen(Some(Fullscreen::Exclusive(videomode)))
-                        .with_fullscreen(Some(winit::window::Fullscreen::Exclusive(videomode)))
                 } else {
                     warn!("Could not determine primary monitor, ignoring exclusive fullscreen request for window {:?}", window.title);
-                    winit_window_builder
+                    winit_window_attributes
                 }
             }
             WindowMode::Windowed => {
@@ -81,19 +83,20 @@ impl WinitWindows {
                     event_loop.primary_monitor(),
                     None,
                 ) {
-                    winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_position(position);
+                    winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes.with_position(position);
                 }
 
                 let logical_size = LogicalSize::new(window.width(), window.height());
                 if let Some(sf) = window.resolution.scale_factor_override() {
-                    winit_window_builder.with_inner_size(logical_size.to_physical::<f64>(sf.into()))
+                    winit_window_attributes
+                        .with_inner_size(logical_size.to_physical::<f64>(sf.into()))
                 } else {
-                    winit_window_builder.with_inner_size(logical_size)
+                    winit_window_attributes.with_inner_size(logical_size)
                 }
             }
         };
 
-        winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder
+        winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes
             .with_window_level(convert_window_level(window.window_level))
             .with_theme(window.window_theme.map(convert_window_theme))
             .with_resizable(window.resizable)
@@ -104,8 +107,9 @@ impl WinitWindows {
 
         #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
         {
-            use winit::platform::windows::WindowBuilderExtWindows;
+            use winit::platform::windows::WindowAttributesExtWindows;
-            winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_skip_taskbar(window.skip_taskbar);
+            winit_window_attributes =
+                winit_window_attributes.with_skip_taskbar(window.skip_taskbar);
         }
 
         #[cfg(any(
@@ -128,8 +132,9 @@ impl WinitWindows {
                 )
             ))]
             {
-                winit_window_builder = winit::platform::wayland::WindowBuilderExtWayland::with_name(
+                winit_window_attributes =
-                    winit_window_builder,
+                    winit::platform::wayland::WindowAttributesExtWayland::with_name(
+                        winit_window_attributes,
                         name.clone(),
                         "",
                     );
@@ -146,17 +151,17 @@ impl WinitWindows {
                 )
             ))]
             {
-                winit_window_builder = winit::platform::x11::WindowBuilderExtX11::with_name(
+                winit_window_attributes = winit::platform::x11::WindowAttributesExtX11::with_name(
-                    winit_window_builder,
+                    winit_window_attributes,
                     name.clone(),
                     "",
                 );
             }
             #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
             {
-                winit_window_builder =
+                winit_window_attributes =
-                    winit::platform::windows::WindowBuilderExtWindows::with_class_name(
+                    winit::platform::windows::WindowAttributesExtWindows::with_class_name(
-                        winit_window_builder,
+                        winit_window_attributes,
                         name.clone(),
                     );
             }
@@ -172,22 +177,22 @@ impl WinitWindows {
             height: constraints.max_height,
         };
 
-        let winit_window_builder =
+        let winit_window_attributes =
             if constraints.max_width.is_finite() && constraints.max_height.is_finite() {
-                winit_window_builder
+                winit_window_attributes
                     .with_min_inner_size(min_inner_size)
                     .with_max_inner_size(max_inner_size)
             } else {
-                winit_window_builder.with_min_inner_size(min_inner_size)
+                winit_window_attributes.with_min_inner_size(min_inner_size)
             };
 
         #[allow(unused_mut)]
-        let mut winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_title(window.title.as_str());
+        let mut winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes.with_title(window.title.as_str());
 
         #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
         {
             use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
-            use winit::platform::web::WindowBuilderExtWebSys;
+            use winit::platform::web::WindowAttributesExtWebSys;
 
             if let Some(selector) = &window.canvas {
                 let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
@@ -197,18 +202,18 @@ impl WinitWindows {
                     .expect("Cannot query for canvas element.");
                 if let Some(canvas) = canvas {
                     let canvas = canvas.dyn_into::<web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement>().ok();
-                    winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_canvas(canvas);
+                    winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes.with_canvas(canvas);
                 } else {
                     panic!("Cannot find element: {}.", selector);
                 }
             }
 
-            winit_window_builder =
+            winit_window_attributes =
-                winit_window_builder.with_prevent_default(window.prevent_default_event_handling);
+                winit_window_attributes.with_prevent_default(window.prevent_default_event_handling);
-            winit_window_builder = winit_window_builder.with_append(true);
+            winit_window_attributes = winit_window_attributes.with_append(true);
         }
 
-        let winit_window = winit_window_builder.build(event_loop).unwrap();
+        let winit_window = event_loop.create_window(winit_window_attributes).unwrap();
         let name = window.title.clone();
         prepare_accessibility_for_window(
             &winit_window,
@@ -247,7 +252,7 @@ impl WinitWindows {
     }
 
     /// Get the winit window that is associated with our entity.
-    pub fn get_window(&self, entity: Entity) -> Option<&WindowWrapper<winit::window::Window>> {
+    pub fn get_window(&self, entity: Entity) -> Option<&WindowWrapper<WinitWindow>> {
         self.entity_to_winit
             .get(&entity)
             .and_then(|winit_id| self.windows.get(winit_id))
@@ -256,17 +261,14 @@ impl WinitWindows {
     /// Get the entity associated with the winit window id.
     ///
     /// This is mostly just an intermediary step between us and winit.
-    pub fn get_window_entity(&self, winit_id: winit::window::WindowId) -> Option<Entity> {
+    pub fn get_window_entity(&self, winit_id: WindowId) -> Option<Entity> {
         self.winit_to_entity.get(&winit_id).cloned()
     }
 
     /// Remove a window from winit.
     ///
     /// This should mostly just be called when the window is closing.
-    pub fn remove_window(
+    pub fn remove_window(&mut self, entity: Entity) -> Option<WindowWrapper<WinitWindow>> {
-        &mut self,
-        entity: Entity,
-    ) -> Option<WindowWrapper<winit::window::Window>> {
         let winit_id = self.entity_to_winit.remove(&entity)?;
         self.winit_to_entity.remove(&winit_id);
         self.windows.remove(&winit_id)
@@ -276,11 +278,7 @@ impl WinitWindows {
 /// Gets the "best" video mode which fits the given dimensions.
 ///
 /// The heuristic for "best" prioritizes width, height, and refresh rate in that order.
-pub fn get_fitting_videomode(
+pub fn get_fitting_videomode(monitor: &MonitorHandle, width: u32, height: u32) -> VideoModeHandle {
-    monitor: &MonitorHandle,
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-) -> winit::monitor::VideoMode {
     let mut modes = monitor.video_modes().collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     fn abs_diff(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
@@ -308,10 +306,10 @@ pub fn get_fitting_videomode(
     modes.first().unwrap().clone()
 }
 
-/// Gets the "best" videomode from a monitor.
+/// Gets the "best" video-mode handle from a monitor.
 ///
 /// The heuristic for "best" prioritizes width, height, and refresh rate in that order.
-pub fn get_best_videomode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> winit::monitor::VideoMode {
+pub fn get_best_videomode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> VideoModeHandle {
     let mut modes = monitor.video_modes().collect::<Vec<_>>();
     modes.sort_by(|a, b| {
         use std::cmp::Ordering::*;
@@ -329,15 +327,15 @@ pub fn get_best_videomode(monitor: &MonitorHandle) -> winit::monitor::VideoMode
     modes.first().unwrap().clone()
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn attempt_grab(winit_window: &winit::window::Window, grab_mode: CursorGrabMode) {
+pub(crate) fn attempt_grab(winit_window: &WinitWindow, grab_mode: CursorGrabMode) {
     let grab_result = match grab_mode {
-        CursorGrabMode::None => winit_window.set_cursor_grab(winit::window::CursorGrabMode::None),
+        CursorGrabMode::None => winit_window.set_cursor_grab(WinitCursorGrabMode::None),
         CursorGrabMode::Confined => winit_window
-            .set_cursor_grab(winit::window::CursorGrabMode::Confined)
+            .set_cursor_grab(WinitCursorGrabMode::Confined)
-            .or_else(|_e| winit_window.set_cursor_grab(winit::window::CursorGrabMode::Locked)),
+            .or_else(|_e| winit_window.set_cursor_grab(WinitCursorGrabMode::Locked)),
         CursorGrabMode::Locked => winit_window
-            .set_cursor_grab(winit::window::CursorGrabMode::Locked)
+            .set_cursor_grab(WinitCursorGrabMode::Locked)
-            .or_else(|_e| winit_window.set_cursor_grab(winit::window::CursorGrabMode::Confined)),
+            .or_else(|_e| winit_window.set_cursor_grab(WinitCursorGrabMode::Confined)),
     };
 
     if let Err(err) = grab_result {

examples/README.md

@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@ Example | Description
 Example | Description
 --- | ---
 [Clear Color](../examples/window/clear_color.rs) | Creates a solid color window
+[Custom User Event](../examples/window/custom_user_event.rs) | Handles custom user events within the event loop
 [Low Power](../examples/window/low_power.rs) | Demonstrates settings to reduce power use for bevy applications
 [Multiple Windows](../examples/window/multiple_windows.rs) | Demonstrates creating multiple windows, and rendering to them
 [Scale Factor Override](../examples/window/scale_factor_override.rs) | Illustrates how to customize the default window settings

examples/mobile/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use bevy::{
     color::palettes::basic::*,
     input::touch::TouchPhase,
     prelude::*,
-    window::{ApplicationLifetime, WindowMode},
+    window::{AppLifecycle, WindowMode},
 };
 
 // the `bevy_main` proc_macro generates the required boilerplate for iOS and Android
@@ -166,14 +166,18 @@ fn setup_music(asset_server: Res<AssetServer>, mut commands: Commands) {
 // Pause audio when app goes into background and resume when it returns.
 // This is handled by the OS on iOS, but not on Android.
 fn handle_lifetime(
-    mut lifetime_events: EventReader<ApplicationLifetime>,
+    mut lifecycle_events: EventReader<AppLifecycle>,
     music_controller: Query<&AudioSink>,
 ) {
-    for event in lifetime_events.read() {
+    let Ok(music_controller) = music_controller.get_single() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    for event in lifecycle_events.read() {
         match event {
-            ApplicationLifetime::Suspended => music_controller.single().pause(),
+            AppLifecycle::Idle | AppLifecycle::WillSuspend | AppLifecycle::WillResume => {}
-            ApplicationLifetime::Resumed => music_controller.single().play(),
+            AppLifecycle::Suspended => music_controller.pause(),
-            ApplicationLifetime::Started => (),
+            AppLifecycle::Running => music_controller.play(),
         }
     }
 }

examples/window/custom_user_event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//! Shows how to create a custom event that can be handled by `winit`'s event loop.
+
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+use bevy::winit::{EventLoopProxy, WakeUp, WinitPlugin};
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Event)]
+enum CustomEvent {
+    #[default]
+    WakeUp,
+    Key(char),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for CustomEvent {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::WakeUp => write!(f, "Wake up"),
+            Self::Key(ch) => write!(f, "Key: {ch}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static EVENT_LOOP_PROXY: OnceLock<EventLoopProxy<CustomEvent>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn main() {
+    let winit_plugin = WinitPlugin::<CustomEvent>::default();
+
+    App::new()
+        .add_plugins(
+            DefaultPlugins
+                .build()
+                // Only one event type can be handled at once
+                // so we must disable the default event type
+                .disable::<WinitPlugin<WakeUp>>()
+                .add(winit_plugin),
+        )
+        .add_systems(
+            Startup,
+            (
+                setup,
+                expose_event_loop_proxy,
+                #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+                wasm::setup_js_closure,
+            ),
+        )
+        .add_systems(Update, (send_event, handle_event))
+        .run();
+}
+
+fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
+    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
+}
+
+fn send_event(input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>) {
+    let Some(event_loop_proxy) = EVENT_LOOP_PROXY.get() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if input.just_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
+        let _ = event_loop_proxy.send_event(CustomEvent::WakeUp);
+    }
+
+    // This simulates sending a custom event through an external thread.
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    if input.just_pressed(KeyCode::KeyE) {
+        let handler = std::thread::spawn(|| {
+            let _ = event_loop_proxy.send_event(CustomEvent::Key('e'));
+        });
+
+        handler.join().unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+fn expose_event_loop_proxy(event_loop_proxy: NonSend<EventLoopProxy<CustomEvent>>) {
+    EVENT_LOOP_PROXY.set((*event_loop_proxy).clone()).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn handle_event(mut events: EventReader<CustomEvent>) {
+    for evt in events.read() {
+        info!("Received event: {evt:?}");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Since the [`EventLoopProxy`] can be exposed to the javascript environment, it can
+/// be used to send events inside the loop, to be handled by a system or simply to wake up
+/// the loop if that's currently waiting for a timeout or a user event.
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub(crate) mod wasm {
+    use crate::{CustomEvent, EVENT_LOOP_PROXY};
+    use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
+    use web_sys::KeyboardEvent;
+
+    pub(crate) fn setup_js_closure() {
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let document = window.document().unwrap();
+
+        let closure = Closure::wrap(Box::new(move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
+            let key = event.key();
+            if key == "e" {
+                send_custom_event('e').unwrap();
+            }
+        }) as Box<dyn FnMut(KeyboardEvent)>);
+
+        document
+            .add_event_listener_with_callback("keydown", closure.as_ref().unchecked_ref())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        closure.forget();
+    }
+
+    fn send_custom_event(ch: char) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if let Some(proxy) = EVENT_LOOP_PROXY.get() {
+            proxy
+                .send_event(CustomEvent::Key(ch))
+                .map_err(|_| "Failed to send event".to_string())
+        } else {
+            Err("Event loop proxy not found".to_string())
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/window/low_power.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 //! This is useful for making desktop applications, or any other program that doesn't need to be
 //! running the event loop non-stop.
 
+use bevy::window::WindowResolution;
+use bevy::winit::WakeUp;
 use bevy::{
     prelude::*,
     utils::Duration,
-    window::{PresentMode, RequestRedraw, WindowPlugin},
+    window::{PresentMode, WindowPlugin},
     winit::{EventLoopProxy, WinitSettings},
 };
 
@@ -19,15 +21,14 @@ fn main() {
         // You can also customize update behavior with the fields of [`WinitSettings`]
         .insert_resource(WinitSettings {
             focused_mode: bevy::winit::UpdateMode::Continuous,
-            unfocused_mode: bevy::winit::UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower {
+            unfocused_mode: bevy::winit::UpdateMode::reactive_low_power(Duration::from_millis(10)),
-                wait: Duration::from_millis(10),
-            },
         })
         .insert_resource(ExampleMode::Game)
         .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins.set(WindowPlugin {
             primary_window: Some(Window {
                 // Turn off vsync to maximize CPU/GPU usage
                 present_mode: PresentMode::AutoNoVsync,
+                resolution: WindowResolution::new(800., 640.).with_scale_factor_override(1.),
                 ..default()
             }),
             ..default()
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ enum ExampleMode {
 fn update_winit(
     mode: Res<ExampleMode>,
     mut winit_config: ResMut<WinitSettings>,
-    event_loop_proxy: NonSend<EventLoopProxy>,
+    event_loop_proxy: NonSend<EventLoopProxy<WakeUp>>,
 ) {
     use ExampleMode::*;
     *winit_config = match *mode {
@@ -78,7 +79,10 @@ fn update_winit(
             //     (e.g. the mouse hovers over a visible part of the out of focus window), a
             //     [`RequestRedraw`] event is received, or one minute has passed without the app
             //     updating.
-            WinitSettings::desktop_app()
+            WinitSettings {
+                focused_mode: bevy::winit::UpdateMode::reactive(Duration::from_secs(1)),
+                unfocused_mode: bevy::winit::UpdateMode::reactive_low_power(Duration::from_secs(5)),
+            }
         }
         ApplicationWithRedraw => {
             // Sending a `RequestRedraw` event is useful when you want the app to update the next
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ fn update_winit(
             // when there are no inputs, so you send redraw requests while the animation is playing.
             // Note that in this example the RequestRedraw winit event will make the app run in the same
             // way as continuous
-            let _ = event_loop_proxy.send_event(RequestRedraw);
+            let _ = event_loop_proxy.send_event(WakeUp);
             WinitSettings::desktop_app()
         }
     };

examples/window/scale_factor_override.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 
 use bevy::{prelude::*, window::WindowResolution};
 
+#[derive(Component)]
+struct CustomText;
+
 fn main() {
     App::new()
         .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins.set(WindowPlugin {
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
             parent
                 .spawn(NodeBundle {
                     style: Style {
-                        width: Val::Px(200.0),
+                        width: Val::Px(300.0),
                         height: Val::Percent(100.0),
                         border: UiRect::all(Val::Px(2.0)),
                         ..default()
@@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
                     ..default()
                 })
                 .with_children(|parent| {
-                    parent.spawn(
+                    parent.spawn((
+                        CustomText,
                         TextBundle::from_section(
                             "Example text",
                             TextStyle {
@@ -60,19 +64,32 @@ fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
                             align_self: AlignSelf::FlexEnd,
                             ..default()
                         }),
-                    );
+                    ));
                 });
         });
 }
 
 /// Set the title of the window to the current override
-fn display_override(mut windows: Query<&mut Window>) {
+fn display_override(
+    mut windows: Query<&mut Window>,
+    mut custom_text: Query<&mut Text, With<CustomText>>,
+) {
     let mut window = windows.single_mut();
 
-    window.title = format!(
+    let text = format!(
-        "Scale override: {:?}",
+        "Scale factor: {:.1} {}",
-        window.resolution.scale_factor_override()
+        window.scale_factor(),
+        if window.resolution.scale_factor_override().is_some() {
+            "(overridden)"
+        } else {
+            "(default)"
+        }
     );
+
+    window.title.clone_from(&text);
+
+    let mut custom_text = custom_text.single_mut();
+    custom_text.sections[0].value = text;
 }
 
 /// This system toggles scale factor overrides when enter is pressed

tools/example-showcase/extra-window-resized-events.patch

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-diff --git a/crates/bevy_winit/src/lib.rs b/crates/bevy_winit/src/lib.rs
+diff --git a/crates/bevy_winit/src/state.rs b/crates/bevy_winit/src/state.rs
-index 63d79b1d2..83ed56293 100644
+index df0aab42d..6e28a6e9c 100644
---- a/crates/bevy_winit/src/lib.rs
+--- a/crates/bevy_winit/src/state.rs
-+++ b/crates/bevy_winit/src/lib.rs
++++ b/crates/bevy_winit/src/state.rs
-@@ -429,6 +429,12 @@ fn handle_winit_event(
+@@ -208,6 +208,12 @@ impl<T: Event> ApplicationHandler<T> for WinitAppRunnerState<T> {
- 
+             }
-             runner_state.window_event_received = true;
+         }
  
 +        window_resized.send(WindowResized {
 +            window,
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ index 63d79b1d2..83ed56293 100644
 +
          match event {
              WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
-                     react_to_resize(&mut win, size, &mut window_resized, window);
+                 react_to_resize(window, &mut win, size, &mut window_resized);

tools/example-showcase/remove-desktop-app-mode.patch

@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
 diff --git a/crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_config.rs b/crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_config.rs
-index f2cb424ec..e68e01de0 100644
+index 104384086..6e3c8dd83 100644
 --- a/crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_config.rs
 +++ b/crates/bevy_winit/src/winit_config.rs
-@@ -31,14 +31,7 @@ impl WinitSettings {
+@@ -29,10 +29,7 @@ impl WinitSettings {
      ///
      /// Use the [`EventLoopProxy`](crate::EventLoopProxy) to request a redraw from outside bevy.
      pub fn desktop_app() -> Self {
 -        WinitSettings {
--            focused_mode: UpdateMode::Reactive {
+-            focused_mode: UpdateMode::reactive(Duration::from_secs(5)),
--                wait: Duration::from_secs(5),
+-            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::reactive_low_power(Duration::from_secs(60)),
--            },
--            unfocused_mode: UpdateMode::ReactiveLowPower {
--                wait: Duration::from_secs(60),
--            },
 -        }
 +        Self::default()
      }