bevy/examples/ecs/generic_system.rs

use bevy::{ecs::component::Component, prelude::*};

/// Generic types allow us to reuse logic across many related systems,
/// allowing us to specialize our function's behavior based on which type (or types) are passed in.
///
/// This is commonly useful for working on related components or resources,
/// where we want to have unique types for querying purposes but want them all to work the same way.
/// This is particularly powerful when combined with user-defined traits to add more functionality to these related types.
/// Remember to insert a specialized copy of the system into the schedule for each type that you want to operate on!
///
/// For more advice on working with generic types in Rust, check out <https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-01-syntax.html>
/// or <https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/generics.html>

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
enum AppState {
    MainMenu,
    InGame,
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct TextToPrint(String);

#[derive(Component, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct PrinterTick(bevy::prelude::Timer);

#[derive(Component)]
struct MenuClose;

#[derive(Component)]
struct LevelUnload;

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_state(AppState::MainMenu)
        .add_startup_system(setup_system)
        .add_system(print_text_system)
        .add_system_set(
            SystemSet::on_update(AppState::MainMenu).with_system(transition_to_in_game_system),
        )
        // add the cleanup systems
        .add_system_set(
            // Pass in the types your system should operate on using the ::<T> (turbofish) syntax
            SystemSet::on_exit(AppState::MainMenu).with_system(cleanup_system::<MenuClose>),
        )
        .add_system_set(
            SystemSet::on_exit(AppState::InGame).with_system(cleanup_system::<LevelUnload>),
        )
        .run();
}

fn setup_system(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands
        .spawn()
        .insert(PrinterTick(bevy::prelude::Timer::from_seconds(1.0, true)))
        .insert(TextToPrint(
            "I will print until you press space.".to_string(),
        ))
        .insert(MenuClose);

    commands
        .spawn()
        .insert(PrinterTick(bevy::prelude::Timer::from_seconds(1.0, true)))
        .insert(TextToPrint("I will always print".to_string()))
        .insert(LevelUnload);
}

fn print_text_system(time: Res<Time>, mut query: Query<(&mut PrinterTick, &TextToPrint)>) {
    for (mut timer, text) in query.iter_mut() {
        if timer.tick(time.delta()).just_finished() {
            info!("{}", text.0);
        }
    }
}

fn transition_to_in_game_system(
    mut state: ResMut<State<AppState>>,
    keyboard_input: Res<Input<KeyCode>>,
) {
    if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
        state.set(AppState::InGame).unwrap();
    }
}

// Type arguments on functions come after the function name, but before ordinary arguments.
// Here, the `Component` trait is a trait bound on T, our generic type
fn cleanup_system<T: Component>(mut commands: Commands, query: Query<Entity, With<T>>) {
    for e in query.iter() {
        commands.entity(e).despawn_recursive();
    }
}