define(["Tone/core/Tone", "Tone/type/Type", "Tone/core/AudioNode", "Tone/core/Timeline"], function(Tone){

	"use strict";

	/**
	 *  @class Tone.Param wraps the native Web Audio's AudioParam to provide
	 *         additional unit conversion functionality. It also
	 *         serves as a base-class for classes which have a single,
	 *         automatable parameter.
	 *  @extends {Tone.AudioNode}
	 *  @param  {AudioParam}  param  The parameter to wrap.
	 *  @param  {Tone.Type} units The units of the audio param.
	 *  @param  {Boolean} convert If the param should be converted.
	 */
	Tone.Param = function(){

		var options = Tone.defaults(arguments, ["param", "units", "convert"], Tone.Param);
		Tone.AudioNode.call(this);

		/**
		 *  The native parameter to control
		 *  @type  {AudioParam}
		 *  @private
		 */
		this._param = this.input = options.param;

		/**
		 *  The units of the parameter
		 *  @type {Tone.Type}
		 */
		this.units = options.units;

		/**
		 *  If the value should be converted or not
		 *  @type {Boolean}
		 */
		this.convert = options.convert;

		/**
		 *  True if the signal value is being overridden by
		 *  a connected signal.
		 *  @readOnly
		 *  @type  {boolean}
		 *  @private
		 */
		this.overridden = false;

		/**
		 * The timeline which tracks all of the automations.
		 * @type {Tone.Timeline}
		 * @private
		 */
		this._events = new Tone.Timeline(1000);

		if (!Tone.isUndef(options.value)){
			this.value = options.value;
		}
	};

	Tone.extend(Tone.Param, Tone.AudioNode);

	/**
	 *  Defaults
	 *  @type  {Object}
	 *  @const
	 */
	Tone.Param.defaults = {
		"units" : Tone.Type.Default,
		"convert" : true,
		"param" : undefined
	};

	/**
	 * The current value of the parameter.
	 * @memberOf Tone.Param#
	 * @type {Number}
	 * @name value
	 */
	Object.defineProperty(Tone.Param.prototype, "value", {
		get : function(){
			var now = this.now();
			return this._toUnits(this.getValueAtTime(now));
		},
		set : function(value){
			this._initialValue = this._fromUnits(value);
			this.setValueAtTime(value, this.now());
		}
	});

	/**
	 * The minimum output value of the parameter
	 * @memberOf Tone.Param#
	 * @type {Number}
	 * @name value
	 */
	Object.defineProperty(Tone.Param.prototype, "minValue", {
		get : function(){
			if (this.units === Tone.Type.Time || this.units === Tone.Type.Frequency ||
				this.units === Tone.Type.NormalRange || this.units === Tone.Type.Positive ||
				this.units === Tone.Type.BPM){
				return 0;
			} else if (this.units === Tone.Type.AudioRange){
				return -1;
			} else if (this.units === Tone.Type.Decibels){
				return -Infinity;
			} else {
				return this._param.minValue;
			}
		}
	});

	/**
	 * The maximum output value of the parameter
	 * @memberOf Tone.Param#
	 * @type {Number}
	 * @name value
	 */
	Object.defineProperty(Tone.Param.prototype, "maxValue", {
		get : function(){
			if (this.units === Tone.Type.NormalRange ||
				this.units === Tone.Type.AudioRange){
				return 1;
			} else {
				return this._param.maxValue;
			}
		}
	});

	/**
	 *  Convert the given value from the type specified by Tone.Param.units
	 *  into the destination value (such as Gain or Frequency).
	 *  @private
	 *  @param  {*} val the value to convert
	 *  @return {number}     the number which the value should be set to
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype._fromUnits = function(val){
		if (this.convert || Tone.isUndef(this.convert)){
			switch (this.units){
				case Tone.Type.Time:
					return this.toSeconds(val);
				case Tone.Type.Frequency:
					return this.toFrequency(val);
				case Tone.Type.Decibels:
					return Tone.dbToGain(val);
				case Tone.Type.NormalRange:
					return Math.min(Math.max(val, 0), 1);
				case Tone.Type.AudioRange:
					return Math.min(Math.max(val, -1), 1);
				case Tone.Type.Positive:
					return Math.max(val, 0);
				default:
					return val;
			}
		} else {
			return val;
		}
	};

	/**
	 * Convert the parameters value into the units specified by Tone.Param.units.
	 * @private
	 * @param  {number} val the value to convert
	 * @return {number}
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype._toUnits = function(val){
		if (this.convert || Tone.isUndef(this.convert)){
			switch (this.units){
				case Tone.Type.Decibels:
					return Tone.gainToDb(val);
				default:
					return val;
			}
		} else {
			return val;
		}
	};

	/**
	 *  the minimum output value
	 *  @type {Number}
	 *  @private
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype._minOutput = 0.00001;

	/**
	 *  If scheduling past events should create a warning notification
	 *  @type {Boolean}
	 *  @private
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype._ignorePast = false;

	/**
	 *  The event types
	 *  @enum {String}
	 *  @private
	 */
	Tone.Param.AutomationType = {
		Linear : "linearRampToValueAtTime",
		Exponential : "exponentialRampToValueAtTime",
		Target : "setTargetAtTime",
		SetValue : "setValueAtTime"
	};

	/**
	 *  Schedules a parameter value change at the given time.
	 *  @param {*}	value The value to set the signal.
	 *  @param {Time}  time The time when the change should occur.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //set the frequency to "G4" in exactly 1 second from now.
	 * freq.setValueAtTime("G4", "+1");
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.setValueAtTime = function(value, time){
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		value = this._fromUnits(value);
		if (!this._ignorePast){
			Tone.isPast(time);
		}
		this._events.add({
			"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.SetValue,
			"value" : value,
			"time" : time,
		});
		this._param.setValueAtTime(value, time);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Get the signals value at the given time. Subsequent scheduling
	 *  may invalidate the returned value.
	 *  @param {Time} time When to get the value
	 *  @returns {Number} The value at the given time
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.getValueAtTime = function(time){
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		var after = this._events.getAfter(time);
		var before = this._events.get(time);
		var initialValue = Tone.defaultArg(this._initialValue, this._param.defaultValue);
		var value = initialValue;
		//if it was set by
		if (before === null){
			value = initialValue;
		} else if (before.type === Tone.Param.AutomationType.Target){
			var previous = this._events.getBefore(before.time);
			var previousVal;
			if (previous === null){
				previousVal = initialValue;
			} else {
				previousVal = previous.value;
			}
			value = this._exponentialApproach(before.time, previousVal, before.value, before.constant, time);
		} else if (after === null){
			value = before.value;
		} else if (after.type === Tone.Param.AutomationType.Linear){
			value = this._linearInterpolate(before.time, before.value, after.time, after.value, time);
		} else if (after.type === Tone.Param.AutomationType.Exponential){
			value = this._exponentialInterpolate(before.time, before.value, after.time, after.value, time);
		} else {
			value = before.value;
		}
		return value;
	};

	/**
	 *  Creates a schedule point with the current value at the current time.
	 *  This is useful for creating an automation anchor point in order to
	 *  schedule changes from the current value.
	 *
	 *  @param {number=} now (Optionally) pass the now value in.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.setRampPoint = function(time){
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		var currentVal = this.getValueAtTime(time);
		this.cancelAndHoldAtTime(time);
		if (currentVal === 0){
			currentVal = this._minOutput;
		}
		this.setValueAtTime(this._toUnits(currentVal), time);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Schedules a linear continuous change in parameter value from the
	 *  previous scheduled parameter value to the given value.
	 *
	 *  @param  {number} value
	 *  @param  {Time} endTime
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.linearRampToValueAtTime = function(value, endTime){
		value = this._fromUnits(value);
		endTime = this.toSeconds(endTime);
		if (!this._ignorePast){
			Tone.isPast(endTime);
		}
		this._events.add({
			"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.Linear,
			"value" : value,
			"time" : endTime,
		});
		this._param.linearRampToValueAtTime(value, endTime);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Schedules an exponential continuous change in parameter value from
	 *  the previous scheduled parameter value to the given value.
	 *
	 *  @param  {number} value
	 *  @param  {Time} endTime
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.exponentialRampToValueAtTime = function(value, endTime){
		value = this._fromUnits(value);
		value = Math.max(this._minOutput, value);
		endTime = this.toSeconds(endTime);
		if (!this._ignorePast){
			Tone.isPast(endTime);
		}
		//store the event
		this._events.add({
			"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.Exponential,
			"time" : endTime,
			"value" : value
		});
		this._param.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(value, endTime);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Schedules an exponential continuous change in parameter value from
	 *  the current time and current value to the given value over the
	 *  duration of the rampTime.
	 *
	 *  @param  {number} value   The value to ramp to.
	 *  @param  {Time} rampTime the time that it takes the
	 *                               value to ramp from it's current value
	 *  @param {Time}	[startTime=now] 	When the ramp should start.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //exponentially ramp to the value 2 over 4 seconds.
	 * signal.exponentialRampTo(2, 4);
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.exponentialRampTo = function(value, rampTime, startTime){
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(value, startTime + this.toSeconds(rampTime));
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Schedules an linear continuous change in parameter value from
	 *  the current time and current value to the given value over the
	 *  duration of the rampTime.
	 *
	 *  @param  {number} value   The value to ramp to.
	 *  @param  {Time} rampTime the time that it takes the
	 *                               value to ramp from it's current value
	 *  @param {Time}	[startTime=now] 	When the ramp should start.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //linearly ramp to the value 4 over 3 seconds.
	 * signal.linearRampTo(4, 3);
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.linearRampTo = function(value, rampTime, startTime){
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.linearRampToValueAtTime(value, startTime + this.toSeconds(rampTime));
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Start exponentially approaching the target value at the given time. Since it
	 *  is an exponential approach it will continue approaching after the ramp duration. The
	 *  rampTime is the time that it takes to reach over 99% of the way towards the value.
	 *  @param  {number} value   The value to ramp to.
	 *  @param  {Time} rampTime the time that it takes the
	 *                               value to ramp from it's current value
	 *  @param {Time}	[startTime=now] 	When the ramp should start.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //exponentially ramp to the value 2 over 4 seconds.
	 * signal.exponentialRampTo(2, 4);
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.targetRampTo = function(value, rampTime, startTime){
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.exponentialApproachValueAtTime(value, startTime, rampTime);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Start exponentially approaching the target value at the given time. Since it
	 *  is an exponential approach it will continue approaching after the ramp duration. The
	 *  rampTime is the time that it takes to reach over 99% of the way towards the value. This methods
	 *  is similar to setTargetAtTime except the third argument is a time instead of a 'timeConstant'
	 *  @param  {number} value   The value to ramp to.
	 *  @param {Time}	time 	When the ramp should start.
	 *  @param  {Time} rampTime the time that it takes the
	 *                               value to ramp from it's current value
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //exponentially ramp to the value 2 over 4 seconds.
	 * signal.exponentialRampTo(2, 4);
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.exponentialApproachValueAtTime = function(value, time, rampTime){
		var timeConstant = Math.log(this.toSeconds(rampTime)+1)/Math.log(200);
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		if (!this._ignorePast){
			Tone.isPast(time);
		}
		return this.setTargetAtTime(value, time, timeConstant);
	};

	/**
	 *  Start exponentially approaching the target value at the given time with
	 *  a rate having the given time constant.
	 *  @param {number} value
	 *  @param {Time} startTime
	 *  @param {number} timeConstant
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.setTargetAtTime = function(value, startTime, timeConstant){
		value = this._fromUnits(value);
		// The value will never be able to approach without timeConstant > 0.
		if (timeConstant <= 0){
			throw new Error("timeConstant must be greater than 0");
		}
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this._events.add({
			"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.Target,
			"value" : value,
			"time" : startTime,
			"constant" : timeConstant
		});
		this._param.setTargetAtTime(value, startTime, timeConstant);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Sets an array of arbitrary parameter values starting at the given time
	 *  for the given duration.
	 *
	 *  @param {Array} values
	 *  @param {Time} startTime
	 *  @param {Time} duration
	 *  @param {NormalRange} [scaling=1] If the values in the curve should be scaled by some value
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.setValueCurveAtTime = function(values, startTime, duration, scaling) {
		scaling = Tone.defaultArg(scaling, 1);
		duration = this.toSeconds(duration);
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setValueAtTime(values[0] * scaling, startTime);
		var segTime = duration / (values.length - 1);
		for (var i = 1; i < values.length; i++){
			this.linearRampToValueAtTime(values[i] * scaling, startTime + i * segTime);
		}
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Cancels all scheduled parameter changes with times greater than or
	 *  equal to startTime.
	 *
	 *  @param  {Time} time
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.cancelScheduledValues = function(time){
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		this._events.cancel(time);
		this._param.cancelScheduledValues(time);
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  This is similar to [cancelScheduledValues](#cancelScheduledValues) except
	 *  it holds the automated value at time until the next automated event.
	 *  @param  {Time} time
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.cancelAndHoldAtTime = function(time){
		var valueAtTime = this.getValueAtTime(time);
		//if there is an event at the given time
		//and that even is not a "set"
		var before = this._events.get(time);
		var after = this._events.getAfter(time);
		if (before && before.time === time){
			//remove everything after
			if (after){
				this._events.cancel(after.time);
			} else {
				this._events.cancel(time + 1e-6);
			}
		} else if (after){
			//cancel the next event(s)
			this._events.cancel(after.time);
			if (!this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime){
				this._param.cancelScheduledValues(time);
			}
			if (after.type === Tone.Param.AutomationType.Linear){
				if (!this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime){
					this.linearRampToValueAtTime(valueAtTime, time);
				} else {
					this._events.add({
						"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.Linear,
						"value" : valueAtTime,
						"time" : time
					});
				}
			} else if (after.type === Tone.Param.AutomationType.Exponential){
				if (!this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime){
					this.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(valueAtTime, time);
				} else {
					this._events.add({
						"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.Exponential,
						"value" : valueAtTime,
						"time" : time
					});
				}
			}
		}

		//set the value at the given time
		this._events.add({
			"type" : Tone.Param.AutomationType.SetValue,
			"value" : valueAtTime,
			"time" : time
		});
		if (this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime){
			this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime(time);
		} else {
			this._param.setValueAtTime(valueAtTime, time);
		}
		return this;
	};

	/**
	 *  Ramps to the given value over the duration of the rampTime.
	 *  Automatically selects the best ramp type (exponential or linear)
	 *  depending on the `units` of the signal
	 *
	 *  @param  {number} value
	 *  @param  {Time} rampTime 	The time that it takes the
	 *                              value to ramp from it's current value
	 *  @param {Time}	[startTime=now] 	When the ramp should start.
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 *  @example
	 * //ramp to the value either linearly or exponentially
	 * //depending on the "units" value of the signal
	 * signal.rampTo(0, 10);
	 *  @example
	 * //schedule it to ramp starting at a specific time
	 * signal.rampTo(0, 10, 5)
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.rampTo = function(value, rampTime, startTime){
		rampTime = Tone.defaultArg(rampTime, 0.1);
		if (this.units === Tone.Type.Frequency || this.units === Tone.Type.BPM || this.units === Tone.Type.Decibels){
			this.exponentialRampTo(value, rampTime, startTime);
		} else {
			this.linearRampTo(value, rampTime, startTime);
		}
		return this;
	};

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//	AUTOMATION CURVE CALCULATIONS
	//	MIT License, copyright (c) 2014 Jordan Santell
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by setTargetAtTime
	Tone.Param.prototype._exponentialApproach = function(t0, v0, v1, timeConstant, t) {
		return v1 + (v0 - v1) * Math.exp(-(t - t0) / timeConstant);
	};

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by linearRampToValueAtTime
	Tone.Param.prototype._linearInterpolate = function(t0, v0, t1, v1, t) {
		return v0 + (v1 - v0) * ((t - t0) / (t1 - t0));
	};

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by exponentialRampToValueAtTime
	Tone.Param.prototype._exponentialInterpolate = function(t0, v0, t1, v1, t) {
		return v0 * Math.pow(v1 / v0, (t - t0) / (t1 - t0));
	};

	/**
	 *  Clean up
	 *  @returns {Tone.Param} this
	 */
	Tone.Param.prototype.dispose = function(){
		Tone.AudioNode.prototype.dispose.call(this);
		this._param = null;
		this._events = null;
		return this;
	};

	return Tone.Param;
});