Tone.js/Tone/core/context/Param.ts

import { AbstractParam } from "../context/AbstractParam";
import { dbToGain, gainToDb } from "../type/Conversions";
import { AudioRange, Decibels, Frequency, NormalRange, Positive, Time, UnitMap, UnitName } from "../type/Units";
import { isAudioParam } from "../util/AdvancedTypeCheck";
import { optionsFromArguments } from "../util/Defaults";
import { Timeline } from "../util/Timeline";
import { isDefined } from "../util/TypeCheck";
import { ToneWithContext, ToneWithContextOptions } from "./ToneWithContext";
import { EQ } from "../util/Math";

export interface ParamOptions<TypeName extends UnitName> extends ToneWithContextOptions {
	units: TypeName;
	value?: UnitMap[TypeName];
	param: AudioParam | Param<TypeName>;
	convert: boolean;
	minValue?: number;
	maxValue?: number;
	swappable?: boolean;
}

/**
 * the possible automation types
 */
type AutomationType = "linearRampToValueAtTime" | "exponentialRampToValueAtTime" | "setValueAtTime" | "setTargetAtTime" | "cancelScheduledValues";

interface TargetAutomationEvent {
	type: "setTargetAtTime";
	time: number;
	value: number;
	constant: number;
}

interface NormalAutomationEvent {
	type: Exclude<AutomationType, "setTargetAtTime">;
	time: number;
	value: number;
}
/**
 * The events on the automation
 */
export type AutomationEvent = NormalAutomationEvent | TargetAutomationEvent;

/**
 * Param wraps the native Web Audio's AudioParam to provide
 * additional unit conversion functionality. It also
 * serves as a base-class for classes which have a single,
 * automatable parameter.
 */
export class Param<TypeName extends UnitName = "number">
	extends ToneWithContext<ParamOptions<TypeName>>
	implements AbstractParam<TypeName> {

	readonly name: string = "Param";

	readonly input: GainNode | AudioParam;

	readonly units: UnitName;
	convert: boolean;
	overridden = false;

	/**
	 * The timeline which tracks all of the automations.
	 */
	protected _events: Timeline<AutomationEvent>;

	/**
	 * The native parameter to control
	 */
	protected _param: AudioParam;

	/**
	 * The default value before anything is assigned
	 */
	protected _initialValue: number;

	/**
	 * The minimum output value
	 */
	private _minOutput = 1e-7;

	/**
	 * Private reference to the min and max values if passed into the constructor
	 */
	private readonly _minValue?: number;
	private readonly _maxValue?: number;

	/**
	 * If the underlying AudioParam can be swapped out
	 * using the setParam method. 
	 */
	protected readonly _swappable: boolean;

	/**
	 * @param param The AudioParam to wrap
	 * @param units The unit name
	 * @param convert Whether or not to convert the value to the target units
	 */
	constructor(param: AudioParam, units?: TypeName, convert?: boolean);
	constructor(options: Partial<ParamOptions<TypeName>>);
	constructor() {
		super(optionsFromArguments(Param.getDefaults(), arguments, ["param", "units", "convert"]));

		const options = optionsFromArguments(Param.getDefaults(), arguments, ["param", "units", "convert"]);

		this.assert(isDefined(options.param) &&
			(isAudioParam(options.param) || options.param instanceof Param), "param must be an AudioParam");

		while (!isAudioParam(options.param)) {
			options.param = options.param._param;
		}

		this._swappable = isDefined(options.swappable) ? options.swappable : false;
		if (this._swappable) {
			this.input = this.context.createGain();
			// initialize
			this._param = options.param;
			this.input.connect(this._param);
		} else {
			this._param = this.input = options.param;
		}
		this._events = new Timeline<AutomationEvent>(1000);
		this._initialValue = this._param.defaultValue;
		this.units = options.units;
		this.convert = options.convert;
		this._minValue = options.minValue;
		this._maxValue = options.maxValue;

		// if the value is defined, set it immediately
		if (isDefined(options.value) && options.value !== this._toType(this._initialValue)) {
			this.setValueAtTime(options.value, 0);
		}
	}

	static getDefaults(): ParamOptions<any> {
		return Object.assign(ToneWithContext.getDefaults(), {
			convert: true,
			units: "number" as UnitName,
		} as ParamOptions<any>);
	}

	get value(): UnitMap[TypeName] {
		const now = this.now();
		return this.getValueAtTime(now);
	}
	set value(value) {
		this._initialValue = this._fromType(value);
		this.cancelScheduledValues(this.now());
		this.setValueAtTime(value, this.now());
	}

	get minValue(): number {
		// if it's not the default minValue, return it
		if (isDefined(this._minValue)) {
			return this._minValue;
		} else if (this.units === "time" || this.units === "frequency" ||
			this.units === "normalRange" || this.units === "positive" ||
			this.units === "transportTime" || this.units === "ticks" ||
			this.units === "bpm" || this.units === "hertz" || this.units === "samples") {
			return 0;
		} else if (this.units === "audioRange") {
			return -1;
		} else if (this.units === "decibels") {
			return -Infinity;
		} else {
			return this._param.minValue;
		}
	}

	get maxValue(): number {
		if (isDefined(this._maxValue)) {
			return this._maxValue;
		} else if (this.units === "normalRange" ||
			this.units === "audioRange") {
			return 1;
		} else {
			return this._param.maxValue;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Type guard based on the unit name
	 */
	private _is<T>(arg: any, type: UnitName): arg is T {
		return this.units === type;
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the given value from the type specified by Param.units
	 * into the destination value (such as Gain or Frequency).
	 */
	protected _fromType(val: UnitMap[TypeName]): number {
		if (this.convert && !this.overridden) {
			if (this._is<Time>(val, "time")) {
				return this.toSeconds(val);
			} else if (this._is<Decibels>(val, "decibels")) {
				return dbToGain(val);
			} else if (this._is<Frequency>(val, "frequency")) {
				return this.toFrequency(val);
			} else if (this._is<NormalRange>(val, "normalRange")) {
				return Math.min(Math.max(val, 0), 1);
			} else if (this._is<AudioRange>(val, "audioRange")) {
				return Math.min(Math.max(val, -1), 1);
			} else if (this._is<Positive>(val, "positive")) {
				return Math.max(val, 0);
			} else if (this._is<number>(val, "number")) {
				return val;
			} else {
				return val as number;
			}
		} else if (this.overridden) {
			// if it's overridden, should only schedule 0s
			return 0;
		} else {
			return val as number;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the parameters value into the units specified by Param.units.
	 */
	protected _toType(val: number): UnitMap[TypeName] {
		if (this.convert && this.units === "decibels") {
			return gainToDb(val) as UnitMap[TypeName];
		} else {
			return val as UnitMap[TypeName];
		}
	}

	//-------------------------------------
	// ABSTRACT PARAM INTERFACE
	// all docs are generated from ParamInterface.ts
	//-------------------------------------

	setValueAtTime(value: UnitMap[TypeName], time: Time): this {
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		const numericValue = this._fromType(value);
		this.assert(isFinite(numericValue) && isFinite(computedTime),
			`Invalid argument(s) to setValueAtTime: ${JSON.stringify(value)}, ${JSON.stringify(time)}`);

		this.log(this.units, "setValueAtTime", value, computedTime);
		this._events.add({
			time: computedTime,
			type: "setValueAtTime",
			value: numericValue,
		});
		this._param.setValueAtTime(numericValue, computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	getValueAtTime(time: Time): UnitMap[TypeName] {
		const computedTime = Math.max(this.toSeconds(time), 0);
		const after = this._events.getAfter(computedTime);
		const before = this._events.get(computedTime);
		let value = this._initialValue;
		// if it was set by
		if (before === null) {
			value = this._initialValue;
		} else if (before.type === "setTargetAtTime" && (after === null || after.type === "setValueAtTime")) {
			const previous = this._events.getBefore(before.time);
			let previousVal;
			if (previous === null) {
				previousVal = this._initialValue;
			} else {
				previousVal = previous.value;
			}
			if (before.type === "setTargetAtTime") {
				value = this._exponentialApproach(before.time, previousVal, before.value, before.constant, computedTime);
			}
		} else if (after === null) {
			value = before.value;
		} else if (after.type === "linearRampToValueAtTime" || after.type === "exponentialRampToValueAtTime") {
			let beforeValue = before.value;
			if (before.type === "setTargetAtTime") {
				const previous = this._events.getBefore(before.time);
				if (previous === null) {
					beforeValue = this._initialValue;
				} else {
					beforeValue = previous.value;
				}
			}
			if (after.type === "linearRampToValueAtTime") {
				value = this._linearInterpolate(before.time, beforeValue, after.time, after.value, computedTime);
			} else {
				value = this._exponentialInterpolate(before.time, beforeValue, after.time, after.value, computedTime);
			}
		} else {
			value = before.value;
		}
		return this._toType(value);
	}

	setRampPoint(time: Time): this {
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		let currentVal = this.getValueAtTime(time);
		this.cancelAndHoldAtTime(time);
		if (this._fromType(currentVal) === 0) {
			currentVal = this._toType(this._minOutput);
		}
		this.setValueAtTime(currentVal, time);
		return this;
	}

	linearRampToValueAtTime(value: UnitMap[TypeName], endTime: Time): this {
		const numericValue = this._fromType(value);
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(endTime);
		this.assert(isFinite(numericValue) && isFinite(computedTime),
			`Invalid argument(s) to linearRampToValueAtTime: ${JSON.stringify(value)}, ${JSON.stringify(endTime)}`);
		this._events.add({
			time: computedTime,
			type: "linearRampToValueAtTime",
			value: numericValue,
		});
		this.log(this.units, "linearRampToValueAtTime", value, computedTime);
		this._param.linearRampToValueAtTime(numericValue, computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	exponentialRampToValueAtTime(value: UnitMap[TypeName], endTime: Time): this {
		let numericValue = this._fromType(value);
		numericValue = Math.max(this._minOutput, numericValue);
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(endTime);
		this.assert(isFinite(numericValue) && isFinite(computedTime),
			`Invalid argument(s) to exponentialRampToValueAtTime: ${JSON.stringify(value)}, ${JSON.stringify(endTime)}`);
		// store the event
		this._events.add({
			time: computedTime,
			type: "exponentialRampToValueAtTime",
			value: numericValue,
		});
		this.log(this.units, "exponentialRampToValueAtTime", value, computedTime);
		this._param.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(numericValue, computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	exponentialRampTo(value: UnitMap[TypeName], rampTime: Time, startTime?: Time): this {
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(value, startTime + this.toSeconds(rampTime));
		return this;
	}

	linearRampTo(value: UnitMap[TypeName], rampTime: Time, startTime?: Time): this {
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.linearRampToValueAtTime(value, startTime + this.toSeconds(rampTime));
		return this;
	}

	targetRampTo(value: UnitMap[TypeName], rampTime: Time, startTime?: Time): this {
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.setRampPoint(startTime);
		this.exponentialApproachValueAtTime(value, startTime, rampTime);
		return this;
	}

	exponentialApproachValueAtTime(value: UnitMap[TypeName], time: Time, rampTime: Time): this {
		time = this.toSeconds(time);
		rampTime = this.toSeconds(rampTime);
		const timeConstant = Math.log(rampTime + 1) / Math.log(200);
		this.setTargetAtTime(value, time, timeConstant);
		// at 90% start a linear ramp to the final value
		this.cancelAndHoldAtTime(time + rampTime * 0.9);
		this.linearRampToValueAtTime(value, time + rampTime);
		return this;
	}

	setTargetAtTime(value: UnitMap[TypeName], startTime: Time, timeConstant: Positive): this {
		const numericValue = this._fromType(value);
		// The value will never be able to approach without timeConstant > 0.
		this.assert(isFinite(timeConstant) && timeConstant > 0, "timeConstant must be a number greater than 0");
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		this.assert(isFinite(numericValue) && isFinite(computedTime),
			`Invalid argument(s) to setTargetAtTime: ${JSON.stringify(value)}, ${JSON.stringify(startTime)}`);
		this._events.add({
			constant: timeConstant,
			time: computedTime,
			type: "setTargetAtTime",
			value: numericValue,
		});
		this.log(this.units, "setTargetAtTime", value, computedTime, timeConstant);
		this._param.setTargetAtTime(numericValue, computedTime, timeConstant);
		return this;
	}

	setValueCurveAtTime(values: UnitMap[TypeName][], startTime: Time, duration: Time, scaling = 1): this {
		duration = this.toSeconds(duration);
		startTime = this.toSeconds(startTime);
		const startingValue = this._fromType(values[0]) * scaling;
		this.setValueAtTime(this._toType(startingValue), startTime);
		const segTime = duration / (values.length - 1);
		for (let i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
			const numericValue = this._fromType(values[i]) * scaling;
			this.linearRampToValueAtTime(this._toType(numericValue), startTime + i * segTime);
		}
		return this;
	}

	cancelScheduledValues(time: Time): this {
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		this.assert(isFinite(computedTime), `Invalid argument to cancelScheduledValues: ${JSON.stringify(time)}`);
		this._events.cancel(computedTime);
		this._param.cancelScheduledValues(computedTime);
		this.log(this.units, "cancelScheduledValues", computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	cancelAndHoldAtTime(time: Time): this {
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		const valueAtTime = this._fromType(this.getValueAtTime(computedTime));
		// remove the schedule events
		this.assert(isFinite(computedTime), `Invalid argument to cancelAndHoldAtTime: ${JSON.stringify(time)}`);

		this.log(this.units, "cancelAndHoldAtTime", computedTime, "value=" + valueAtTime);
		
		// if there is an event at the given computedTime
		// and that even is not a "set"
		const before = this._events.get(computedTime);
		const after = this._events.getAfter(computedTime);
		if (before && EQ(before.time, computedTime)) {
			// remove everything after
			if (after) {
				this._param.cancelScheduledValues(after.time);
				this._events.cancel(after.time);
			} else {
				this._param.cancelAndHoldAtTime(computedTime);
				this._events.cancel(computedTime + this.sampleTime);
			}
		} else if (after) {
			this._param.cancelScheduledValues(after.time);
			// cancel the next event(s)
			this._events.cancel(after.time);
			if (after.type === "linearRampToValueAtTime") {
				this.linearRampToValueAtTime(this._toType(valueAtTime), computedTime);
			} else if (after.type === "exponentialRampToValueAtTime") {
				this.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(this._toType(valueAtTime), computedTime);
			}
		}

		// set the value at the given time
		this._events.add({
			time: computedTime,
			type: "setValueAtTime",
			value: valueAtTime,
		});
		this._param.setValueAtTime(valueAtTime, computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	rampTo(value: UnitMap[TypeName], rampTime: Time = 0.1, startTime?: Time): this {
		if (this.units === "frequency" || this.units === "bpm" || this.units === "decibels") {
			this.exponentialRampTo(value, rampTime, startTime);
		} else {
			this.linearRampTo(value, rampTime, startTime);
		}
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply all of the previously scheduled events to the passed in Param or AudioParam.
	 * The applied values will start at the context's current time and schedule
	 * all of the events which are scheduled on this Param onto the passed in param.
	 */
	apply(param: Param | AudioParam): this {
		const now = this.context.currentTime;
		// set the param's value at the current time and schedule everything else
		param.setValueAtTime(this.getValueAtTime(now) as number, now);
		// if the previous event was a curve, then set the rest of it
		const previousEvent = this._events.get(now);
		if (previousEvent && previousEvent.type === "setTargetAtTime") {
			// approx it until the next event with linear ramps
			const nextEvent = this._events.getAfter(previousEvent.time);
			// or for 2 seconds if there is no event
			const endTime = nextEvent ? nextEvent.time : now + 2;
			const subdivisions = (endTime - now) / 10;
			for (let i = now; i < endTime; i += subdivisions) {
				param.linearRampToValueAtTime(this.getValueAtTime(i) as number, i);
			}
		}
		this._events.forEachAfter(this.context.currentTime, event => {
			if (event.type === "cancelScheduledValues") {
				param.cancelScheduledValues(event.time);
			} else if (event.type === "setTargetAtTime") {
				param.setTargetAtTime(event.value, event.time, event.constant);
			} else {
				param[event.type](event.value, event.time);
			}
		});
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Replace the Param's internal AudioParam. Will apply scheduled curves 
	 * onto the parameter and replace the connections.
	 */
	setParam(param: AudioParam): this {
		this.assert(this._swappable, "The Param must be assigned as 'swappable' in the constructor");
		const input = this.input as GainNode;
		input.disconnect(this._param);
		this.apply(param);
		this._param = param;
		input.connect(this._param);
		return this;
	}

	dispose(): this {
		super.dispose();
		this._events.dispose();
		return this;
	}

	get defaultValue(): UnitMap[TypeName] {
		return this._toType(this._param.defaultValue);
	}

	//-------------------------------------
	// 	AUTOMATION CURVE CALCULATIONS
	// 	MIT License, copyright (c) 2014 Jordan Santell
	//-------------------------------------

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by setTargetAtTime
	protected _exponentialApproach(t0: number, v0: number, v1: number, timeConstant: number, t: number): number {
		return v1 + (v0 - v1) * Math.exp(-(t - t0) / timeConstant);
	}

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by linearRampToValueAtTime
	protected _linearInterpolate(t0: number, v0: number, t1: number, v1: number, t: number): number {
		return v0 + (v1 - v0) * ((t - t0) / (t1 - t0));
	}

	// Calculates the the value along the curve produced by exponentialRampToValueAtTime
	protected _exponentialInterpolate(t0: number, v0: number, t1: number, v1: number, t: number): number {
		return v0 * Math.pow(v1 / v0, (t - t0) / (t1 - t0));
	}
}