mirror of
https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings.git
synced 2024-12-13 06:42:47 +00:00
163 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
163 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
# Hash Cracking
|
|
|
|
## Summary
|
|
|
|
* [Hashcat](https://hashcat.net/hashcat/)
|
|
* [Hashcat Example Hashes](https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes)
|
|
* [Hashcat Install](#hashcat-install)
|
|
* [Mask attack](#mask-attack)
|
|
* [Dictionary](#dictionary)
|
|
* [John](https://github.com/openwall/john)
|
|
* [Usage](#john-usage)
|
|
* [Rainbow tables](#rainbow-tables)
|
|
* [Tips and Tricks](#tips-and-tricks)
|
|
* [Online Cracking Resources](#online-cracking-resources)
|
|
* [References](#references)
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Hashcat
|
|
|
|
### Hashcat Install
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
apt install cmake build-essential -y
|
|
apt install checkinstall git -y
|
|
git clone https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat.git && cd hashcat && make -j 8 && make install
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Extract the hash
|
|
2. Get the hash format: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes
|
|
3. Establish a cracking stratgy based on hash format (ex: wordlist -> wordlist + rules -> mask -> combinator mode -> prince attack -> ...)
|
|
4. Enjoy plains
|
|
5. Review strategy
|
|
6. Start over
|
|
|
|
### Dictionary
|
|
|
|
> Every word of a given list (a.k.a. dictionary) is hashed and compared against the target hash.
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
hashcat --attack-mode 0 --hash-type $number $hashes_file $wordlist_file -r $my_rules
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
* Wordlists
|
|
* [packetstorm](https://packetstormsecurity.com/Crackers/wordlists/)
|
|
* [weakpass_3a](https://download.weakpass.com/wordlists/1948/weakpass_3a.7z)
|
|
* [weakpass_3](https://download.weakpass.com/wordlists/1947/weakpass_3.7z)
|
|
* [Hashes.org](https://download.weakpass.com/wordlists/1931/Hashes.org.7z)
|
|
* [kerberoast_pws](https://gist.github.com/edermi/f8b143b11dc020b854178d3809cf91b5/raw/b7d83af6a8bbb43013e04f78328687d19d0cf9a7/kerberoast_pws.xz)
|
|
* [hashmob.net](https://hashmob.net/research/wordlists)
|
|
* [clem9669/wordlists](https://github.com/clem9669/wordlists)
|
|
|
|
* Rules
|
|
* [One Rule to Rule Them All](https://notsosecure.com/one-rule-to-rule-them-all/)
|
|
* [nsa-rules](https://github.com/NSAKEY/nsa-rules)
|
|
* [hob064](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/praetorian-inc/Hob0Rules/master/hob064.rule)
|
|
* [d3adhob0](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/praetorian-inc/Hob0Rules/master/d3adhob0.rule)
|
|
* [clem9669/hashcat-rule](https://github.com/clem9669/hashcat-rule)
|
|
|
|
### Mask attack
|
|
|
|
Mask attack is an attack mode which optimize brute-force.
|
|
|
|
> Every possibility for a given character set and a given length (i.e. aaa, aab, aac, ...) is hashed and compared against the target hash.
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
# Mask: upper*1+lower*5+digit*2 and upper*1+lower*6+digit*2
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
|
|
|
|
# Mask: upper*1+lower*3+digit*4 and upper*1+lower*3+digit*4
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?1
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?1
|
|
|
|
# Mask: lower*6 + digit*2 + special digit(+!?*)
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1?1
|
|
|
|
# Mask: lower*6 + digit*2
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 /content/hashcat/masks/8char-1l-1u-1d-1s-compliant.hcmask
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 ?l?d?u ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
|
|
|
|
# Other examples
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
|
|
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
|
|
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --increment --increment-min 4 --increment-max 8 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a"
|
|
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?s"
|
|
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a"
|
|
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --custom-charset1 "?u" --custom-charset2 "?l?u?d" --custom-charset3 "?d" --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?1?2?2?2?3"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
| Shortcut | Characters |
|
|
|----|----------------------------|
|
|
| ?l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz |
|
|
| ?u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ |
|
|
| ?d | 0123456789 |
|
|
| ?s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{}~ |
|
|
| ?a | ?l?u?d?s |
|
|
| ?b | 0x00 - 0xff |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## John
|
|
|
|
|
|
### John Usage
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Run on password file containing hashes to be cracked
|
|
john passwd
|
|
|
|
# Use a specific wordlist
|
|
john --wordlist=<wordlist> passwd
|
|
|
|
# Use a specific wordlist with rules
|
|
john --wordlist=<wordlist> passwd --rules=Jumbo
|
|
|
|
# Show cracked passwords
|
|
john --show passwd
|
|
|
|
# Restore interrupted sessions
|
|
john --restore
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Rainbow tables
|
|
|
|
> The hash is looked for in a pre-computed table. It is a time-memory trade-off that allows cracking hashes faster, but costing a greater amount of memory than traditional brute-force of dictionary attacks. This attack cannot work if the hashed value is salted (i.e. hashed with an additional random value as prefix/suffix, making the pre-computed table irrelevant)
|
|
|
|
## Tips and Tricks
|
|
|
|
* Cloud GPU
|
|
* [penglab - Abuse of Google Colab for cracking hashes. 🐧](https://github.com/mxrch/penglab)
|
|
* [google-colab-hashcat - Google colab hash cracking](https://github.com/ShutdownRepo/google-colab-hashcat)
|
|
* [Cloudtopolis - Zero Infrastructure Password Cracking](https://github.com/JoelGMSec/Cloudtopolis)
|
|
* [Nephelees - also a NTDS cracking tool abusing Google Colab](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/Nephelees)
|
|
* Build a rig on premise
|
|
* [Pentester's Portable Cracking Rig - $1000](https://www.netmux.com/blog/portable-cracking-rig)
|
|
* [How To Build A Password Cracking Rig - 5000$](https://www.netmux.com/blog/how-to-build-a-password-cracking-rig)
|
|
* Online cracking
|
|
* [Hashes.com](https://hashes.com/en/decrypt/hash)
|
|
* [hashmob.net](https://hashmob.net/): great community with Discord
|
|
* Use the `loopback` in combination with rules and dictionary to keep cracking until you don't find new passsword: `hashcat --loopback --attack-mode 0 --rules-file $rules_file --hash-type $number $hashes_file $wordlist_file`
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Online Cracking Resources
|
|
|
|
* ~~[hashes.com](https://hashes.com)~~
|
|
* [crackstation](https://crackstation.net)
|
|
* [Hashmob](https://hashmob.net/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
|
|
* [Cracking - The Hacker Recipes](https://www.thehacker.recipes/ad-ds/movement/credentials/cracking)
|
|
* [Using Hashcat to Crack Hashes on Azure](https://durdle.com/2017/04/23/using-hashcat-to-crack-hashes-on-azure/)
|
|
* [miloserdov.org hashcat](https://miloserdov.org/?p=5426&PageSpeed=noscript)
|
|
* [miloserdov.org john](https://miloserdov.org/?p=4961&PageSpeed=noscript)
|