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HackTheBox/Forest.md
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HackTheBox/Forest.md
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# HackTheBox-Forest
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## NMAP
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```bash
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PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
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53/tcp open domain? syn-ack ttl 127
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| fingerprint-strings:
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| DNSVersionBindReqTCP:
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| version
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|_ bind
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88/tcp open spark syn-ack ttl 127 Apache Spark
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135/tcp open msrpc? syn-ack ttl 127
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139/tcp open netbios-ssn? syn-ack ttl 127
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464/tcp open kpasswd5? syn-ack ttl 127
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593/tcp open ncacn_http syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
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636/tcp open ldapssl? syn-ack ttl 127
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3268/tcp open ldap syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: htb.local, Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
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3269/tcp open globalcatLDAPssl? syn-ack ttl 127\
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5985/tcp open http syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
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| http-methods:
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|_ Supported Methods: HEAD
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9389/tcp open adws? syn-ack ttl 127
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Host script results:
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|_clock-skew: mean: 3h40m48s, deviation: 4h57m02s, median: 10m45s
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| smb-os-discovery:
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| OS: Windows Server 2016 Standard 14393 (Windows Server 2016 Standard 6.3)
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| Computer name: FOREST
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| NetBIOS computer name: FOREST\x00
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| Domain name: htb.local
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| Forest name: htb.local
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| FQDN: FOREST.htb.local
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|_ System time: 2021-05-11T11:43:01-07:00
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| smb-security-mode:
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| account_used: guest
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| authentication_level: user
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| challenge_response: supported
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|_ message_signing: required
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| smb2-security-mode:
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| 2.02:
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|_ Message signing enabled and required
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|_smb2-time: Protocol negotiation failed (SMB2)
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```
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Here we port 88 open which is for Kerberos and port 3268 for ldap which tells that this is an Active Directory machine , we also have smb port open on the machine so we can check if there are any smb shares or not
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## PORT 139/445 (SMB)
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<img src="https://imgur.com/MXXEZEo.png"/>
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We get an authentication error means that Anonymous login is disabled so let's move to ldap
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## PORT 3268 (LDAP)
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LDAP stands for `Lightweight Directory Access Protocol` , it is used for querying /locating data about organizations, individuals and other resources such as files and devices in a network so there is a tool for performing searches for users ,groups and etc.
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https://github.com/ropnop/go-windapsearch
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This is the tool that I found was working , there is no need to clone this simply go to releases and download the compiled binary
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`windapsearch-linux-amd64 -d 'htb.local' --dc 10.10.10.161 -m users`
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<img src="https://imgur.com/coBW6Aw.png"/>
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Let's break down the syntax of this tool
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-d ---> This specifies the domain name which `htb.local`
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--dc ---> This specifies domain controller ip (machine ip)
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-m ---> This is for specifying module to use in this case we are using `users` module which will try to query information about users
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<img src="https://imgur.com/aF6GDOX.png"/>
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These are the available modules . We know that service accounts are usually kerberoastable so we are going to search for a service account , in order to that we need to run a custom module in which we are going to use a filter `(objectclass=*)` when executing this query, we will be presented with all objects and all attributes available in the tree
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<img src="https://imgur.com/ub9rVmG.png"/>
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This will show a lot of output so start searching for `Service Accounts` till you find a service account name
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/zUNFGBD.png"/>
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Alternatively we can use `enum4linux` which can enumerate smb shares and query LDAP and look for users and shares.
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/xllYBNX.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/YWNKeE9.png"/>
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We can see this service account `svc-alfresco` as the prefix `svc` is for service, so we will use impacket GetNPUsers.py since this service account won't require kerberos pre-authentication this is know nas `AS-REP Roasting` you'll see the hash will be different than normal kerberos hash
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<img src="https://imgur.com/OCYBPly.png"/>
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So we can crack this hash either with john or hashcat, I will be using `hashcat` and we may need to know the type of hash in hashcat so going to hashcat examples we can find which mode we need to supply
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/kKvAxhT.png"/>
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<img src="https://imgur.com/Bcfwz1u.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/iIsQeR7.png"/>
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Perfect we have the password , now we can use `bloodhound-injestor` to collection information about the AD environment
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https://github.com/fox-it/BloodHound.py
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```
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python3 bloodhound.py -d 'htb.local' -u 'svc-alfresco' -p 's3rvice' -gc 'FOREST.htb.local' -c all -ns 10.10.10.161
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```
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<img src="https://imgur.com/m0puEJJ.png"/>
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We'll have these json files so we put all these files in an archive and launch bloodhound and import that archive file
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/71QYhAr.png"/>
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<img src="https://imgur.com/jMgkkz0.png"/>
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We can ran query `Find All Domain Admins` and can see the result
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<img src="https://imgur.com/dtBHB4q.png"/>
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Run the query `Find AS-REP Kerbroastable Users`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/lUvxP24.png"/>
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And mark the account as owned , click on the account and on the left side you can see in how may groups this account has permissions
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/XR9pTSC.png"/>
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Select `Reachable Higher Targets`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/O21nLQ7.png"/>
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Exaplain about WriteDACL
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Login with the credentials with `evil-winrm` and upload `PowerView.ps1` powershell script
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https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/i5ODJA2.png"/>
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Now we need to create a new user , so I am going to create a user named `arz`, then add it to the `Exchange Windows Permissions` group which is a domain group. After that we will create variable having arz's password which should converted it to a secure form and create a powershell object through that ,lastly we will use powerview's `Add-DomainObjectAcl` function that will allow us to give this user `DCSync rights` which are replication rights which will allows us to rrequest password hashes from the Domain Controller.
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/r8FuTST.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/A2tEZDs.png"/>
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Now we need to run impacket's `secretsdump.py` which will dump password hashes from `NTDS.dit` file
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/vy8ifHL.png"/>
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We could have also done this we service account as well
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/qTHIh8S.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/qTHIh8S.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yTiOLOx.png"/>
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